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Query: UMLS:C0015674 (chronic fatigue syndrome)
 2,978 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A differentiation between the normal sensation of tiredness and the symptom "fatigue" is often difficult. Both are influenced by cultural, social, psychological and biological factors, which can lead--interactively--to symptom formation. Psychiatric disorders frequently associated with fatigue are all forms of depression, somatization and anxiety disorders, chronic pain states and drug abuse among many others. In at least 2/3 of patients with the fashionable chronic fatigue syndrome--formerly called neurasthenia--a psychiatric diagnosis can be made, most of them also suffer from many symptoms attributes to the autonomous nervous system. The clinical approach should be cautious avoiding diagnostic and therapeutic overaction and therapy should emerge from a diagnosis properly assessed.
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PMID:[Intense fatigue in humans. Psychosocial and cultural aspects]. 175 73

This study aimed to investigate the psychological characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS: Holmes et al. 1988). A battery of psychometric instruments comprising the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Lazarus Ways of Coping (WoC) inventory, was administered to a sample of clinically-defined CFS sufferers (N = 58), to a comparison group of chronic pain (CP) patients (N = 81) and to a group of healthy controls matched for sex and age with the CFS sample (N = 104). Considerable overlap was found between CFS and CP patients at the level of both physical and psychological symptoms. This raises the possibility that CFS sufferers are a sub-population of CP patients. However, while there was some commonality between CFS and CP patients in terms of personality traits, particularly the MMPI 'neurotic triad' (hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria), CFS patients showed more deviant personality traits reflecting raised levels on the first MMPI factor, emotionality. Moreover, results were not consistent with the raised emotionality being a reaction to the illness, but rather were consistent with the hypothesis that emotionality is a predisposing factor for CFS. The majority of CFS patients fell within four personality types, each characterized by the two highest MMPI scale scores. One type (N = 20) reported a lack of psychological symptoms or emotional disturbance contrary to the overall trend for the CFS sample. This group conformed to the ICD-10 classification of neurasthenia.
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PMID:Psychiatric symptoms, personality and ways of coping in chronic fatigue syndrome. 187 40

Degree of premorbid 'action-proneness' was measured, using a self-administered questionnaire, in 35 patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), all the members of 'ME'-self help groups and all those meeting CDC-criteria of CFS. The results were compared with those of 30 chronic idiopathic musculoskeletal pain patients, 34 patients with a chronic organic condition, and 34 neurotic patients without primary somatic complaints. Statistical analysis showed that CFS patients described themselves as significantly more 'action-prone' than the last two groups, and to a degree which was comparable with the chronic pain group. The results could not be explained by concomitant depression and are in accordance with anecdotal reports of premorbid hyperactive lifestyle in CFS patients. Further investigations seem worthwhile to test the hypothesis that hyperactivity might be a predisposing factor for chronic illness behaviour in CFS patients.
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PMID:Does high 'action-proneness' make people more vulnerable to chronic fatigue syndrome? A controlled psychometric study. 749 Jun 98

This article highlights chronic pain syndrome and myofascial pain. It is part of the chapter on pain rehabilitation in the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article discusses behavioral maladaptations to chronic pain which lead to global physical, psychologic, social, and vocational impairments--the chronic pain syndrome. The spectrum of myofascial pain syndromes, contributing factors, and interventions are detailed. New advances that are covered in this section include controversies in long-term use of opioids and muscle relaxants; differentiating fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndromes, and chronic fatigue syndrome; pathophysiology of myofascial pain; and beneficial treatments.
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PMID:Pain rehabilitation. 2. Chronic pain syndrome and myofascial pain. 791 Apr 54

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) as currently defined overlaps with other syndromes including chronic pain, fibromyalgia, anxiety and depression. It also resembles historical descriptions of neurasthenia. The role of psychological (cognitive) and behavioural therapies in CFS is examined. There are both pragmatic and theoretical arguments for their application to CFS. It is pragmatic to target obvious and treatable factors including inactivity and depression. A theoretical model in which psychological, physiological and social factors interact offers a plausible rationale for such treatment but is not yet empirically proven. While there is evidence for the efficacy of this type of therapy in related syndromes, the evidence in CFS is inconclusive. A randomized controlled trial of combined cognitive and behavioural therapy currently in progress is described. Initial results suggest that most patients receiving cognitive behaviour therapy improve, especially in terms of functional impairment. It remains to be seen whether this therapy will prove to be more effective than standard general practitioner care. In the meantime cognitive behaviour therapy offers a pragmatic and rational therapy for patients with CFS.
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PMID:Non-pharmacological approaches to treatment. 849 Nov 4

Syndromes characterized by chronic pain and fatigue have been described in the medical literature for centuries. Fibromyalgia is the term currently used to describe this symptom complex, and considerable research has been performed in the last decade to delineate the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and genesis of this entity. Although fibromyalgia is defined by its musculoskeletal features, it is clear that there are a large number of non-musculoskeletal symptoms, such that we now understand that there is considerable overlap with allied conditions such as the chronic fatigue syndrome, migraine and tension headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, and affective disorders. This article will review our current state of knowledge regarding fibromyalgia and these allied conditions, and present a unifying hypothesis that describes both the pathophysiology of symptoms and the genesis of these disorders.
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PMID:The pathogenesis of chronic pain and fatigue syndromes, with special reference to fibromyalgia. 858 67

Practitioners today are confronted with an avalanche of difficult to treat patients with chronic pain for 2 reasons: (1) The culture increasingly encourages patients to conceive vague and nonspecific symptoms as evidence of real disease and to seek specialist help for them; and (2) the rising ascendancy of the media and the breakdown of the family encourage patients to acquire the fixed belief that they have a given illness, often a trendy nondisease such as repetition strain injury or chronic fatigue syndrome. In historic terms, many of these complaints, especially sensory ones featuring chronic pain and chronic fatigue, are relatively new. Patients tend to adopt them on the basis of what the culture considers to be legitimate illness, whereby different patterns exist for men and women.
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PMID:Somatization and chronic pain in historic perspective. 906 Apr 86

The article reports on the revision of the Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CEQ). The CEQ which was originally developed to measure cognitive distortions specific to chronic pain, has been significantly shortened and made applicable to a wider range of somatic problems. The Cognitive Errors Questionnaire-Revised (CEQ-R) contains two subscales: Somatic--distortions specific to somatic experiences; and General--distortions to everyday life events. Validation of the scale with CFS, depressed, and chronic pain groups and healthy controls confirms the CEQ-R loads onto general and somatic factors. Both subscales have high internal consistency and good test-retest reliability. The pattern of subjects' responses to the CEQ-R scores showed that the depressed group scored significantly higher on the General CEQ-R scale than the other groups, whereas the CFS and chronic pain groups scored higher than healthy controls on the Somatic CEQ-R. Somatic CEQ-R scores showed a significant decrease over the course of a pain management program, with a concomitant decrease in disability and depression scores. Further analyses showed the Somatic CEQ-R to be significantly related to self and symptom focusing, whereas the General CEQ-R was found to be significantly correlated with higher depression, lower self-esteem, and self focusing. The CEQ-R may be a useful instrument to examine the relationship between cognitive distortions and disability in a variety of illnesses, and to differentiate primary depression from overlapping somatic disorders.
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PMID:Cognitive distortions of somatic experiences: revision and validation of a measure. 930 55

Patients with unexplained chronic pain and/or fatigue have been described for centuries in the medical literature, although the terms used to describe these symptom complexes have changed frequently. The currently preferred terms for these syndromes are fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome, names which describe the prominent clinical features of the illness without any attempt to identify the cause. This review delineates the definitions of these syndromes, and the overlapping clinical features. A hypothesis is presented to demonstrate how genetic and environmental factors may interact to cause the development of these syndromes, which we postulate are caused by central nervous system dysfunction. Various components of the central nervous system appear to be involved, including the hypothalamic pituitary axes, pain-processing pathways, and autonomic nervous system. These central nervous system changes lead to corresponding changes in immune function, which we postulate are epiphenomena rather than the cause of the illnesses.
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PMID:Chronic pain and fatigue syndromes: overlapping clinical and neuroendocrine features and potential pathogenic mechanisms. 950 Jan 48

In this paper, we propose a model of social course of schizophrenia based on cross-cultural research on the influence of family, wider social network, work, political economy, and legal and mental health care institutions on the experience of illness. We posit the way these ordinary arrangements of daily living organize the course of schizophrenia in part through cultural processes that affect the body-self in suffering and in part through social processes that establish an intersubjective matrix for the experience of illness. We believe this model can be generalized to other chronic illness such as depression, diabetes, asthma, osteoarthritis, chronic pain syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, and even heart disease and cancer. We develop the implications of this anthropological approach for research and practice.
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PMID:The social course of schizophrenia: local and societal factors. 973 76


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