Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015674 (chronic fatigue syndrome)
 2,978 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) isolates from normal donors and patients with AIDS, systemic lupus erythematosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, collagen-vascular disease, leukopenia, bone marrow transplants, Exanthem subitum (roseola), and atypical polyclonal lymphoproliferation were studied for their tropism to fresh human cord blood mononuclear cells, growth in continuous T cell lines, reactivity to monoclonal antibodies, and by restriction enzyme banding patterns. All isolates replicated efficiently in human cord blood mononuclear cells, but mitogen stimulation of the cells prior to infection was required. The ability to infect continuous T-cell lines varied with the isolates. Isolates similar to GS prototype infected HSB2 and Sup T1 cells and did not infect Molt-3 cells, whereas isolates similar to Z-29 infected Molt-3 cells but not HSB2 and Sup T1 cells. Some of the monoclonal antibodies directed against the HHV-6 (GS) isolate showed reactivity with all isolates tested, but others only reacted with HHV-6 isolates similar to the GS isolate and not with those similar to Z-29 isolate. Restriction enzyme analysis using EcoRI, BamHI, and HindIII revealed that HHV-6 isolates from roseola, bone marrow transplant, leukopenia, and an HIV-1-positive AIDS patient from Zaire (Z-29) were closely related but distinct from GS type HHV-6 isolates. Based on the above findings, we propose that, like herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, the 15 HHV-6 isolates analyzed can be divided into group A (GS type) and group B (Z-29 type).
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PMID:Genomic polymorphism, growth properties, and immunologic variations in human herpesvirus-6 isolates. 165 87

The varicella zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) IgGl-4 subclasses were compared in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 22 patients with VZV-associated neurological symptoms, 12 patients with HSV-associated neurological symptoms and 14 controls. The clinical syndromes of the VZV-associated diseases comprised meningo-encephalitis, myelitis, myelopathies and polyneuropathies, mostly with a favourable outcome. A characteristic finding was an intrathecal synthesis of VZV IgG1 and HSV-3. Commonly also IgG2 and 4 were seen in CSF of VZV patients. Their intrathecally synthesised HSV IgG was restricted to IgG1. VZV IgG3 occurred in serum and/or CFS together with VZV IgM in 14 cases and may be a marker of recent VZV replication. In patients with HSV-associated neurological disease, a multi-IgG subclass HSV response and concomitant VZV antibodies restricted to IgG1 was found. Intrathecal synthesis of both HSV and VZV IgG occurred in 20 patients. Detection of two or more VZV or HSV specific IgG subclasses synthesised intrathecally identified the aetiological agent in 19 of these 20 cases.
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PMID:Antiviral IgM and IgG subclasses in varicella zoster associated neurological syndromes. 254 94

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to herpes simplex (HSV) and measles viruses were assayed with a radioimmunoassay in 56 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and in a similar number of age- and sex-matched controls with other neurological diseases. As a group, the patients with Parkinson's disease had a significantly increased serum antibody level against HSV, but measles virus antibody levels were similar in both groups. Both in the Parkinson's group and in the control group, the levels of the total IgG in CSF were within normal limits and the CSF antibodies to HSV and measles virus paralleled the serum antibody titers relative to the total IgG serum-to-CSF ratios. This indicates no increased intrathecal antibody production in either group. In 48 patients with Parkinson's disease who were HLA-typed, no association of viral antibody levels with particular HLS antigens were noted. The findings suggest that HSV is not present within the central nervous system of the patients with Parkinson's disease. The increase HSV antibody level seen in Parkinson's disease patients may reflect a more general disturbance of the patients' immune functions.
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PMID:Virus antibodies in Parkinson's disease. Herpes simplex and measles virus antibodies in serum and CSF and their relation to HLA types. 628 83

Alterations of cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) proteins and cells and blood-brain barrier impairment were determined in 4 patients with proven and 2 patients with presumptive herpes simplex virus encephalitis ( HSVE ) using simultaneous nephelometric measurements of CSF and serum albumin and immunoglobulins and combined MilliporeR filtration-cytocentrifuge cytologic techniques. The follow-up period ranged from 17 to 855 days. All patients showed intrathecal IgG synthesis which in 1 case continued for 28.5 months (855 days). The daily production of IgG in the central nervous system ranged up to 1157 mg. CSF-IgA and -IgM were also elevated in the early phase of the disease. The impairment of the blood-brain barrier was variable being apt to develop during the first 2 months of the disease and diminishing thereafter. Pleocytosis, mainly due to lymphoid cells, varied from slight to severe (325 X 10(3) cells/ml) and was observed in the CSF of all cases during the first 2 months. Lymphoid reaction (increase of enlarged stimulated lymphoid cells) was persistent and was the most pronounced cellular alteration. The lymphoid reaction and intrathecal IgG synthesis indicated continuous immunoactivation of the CNS, which was most intensive during the first 2 months and appeared to persist for at least 16-28.5 months.
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PMID:Herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Prolonged intrathecal IgG synthesis and cellular activity in the cerebrospinal fluid with transient impairment of blood-brain barrier. 672 75

As a test of the hypothesis that elevated titers of viral antibodies in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are due to a nonspecific polyclonal immune response, antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), and 14 enteroviruses in 20 patients with CFS and 20 age- and gender-matched controls were simultaneously measured. Similarly, titers of IgG to herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 were measured in 18 of these cases and in the respective controls. IgG to EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) was present at titers > or = 1:320 in 55% of cases vs. 15% of controls (P = .02). The geometric mean titers of early antigen antibody to EBV, HHV-6 IgG, and HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG were not significantly different among cases and controls. Of the 14 enteroviral antibodies tested for, only those to coxsackieviruses B1 and B4 were present at significant titers (> or = 1:8) in cases vs. controls (P = .02 and P = .001, respectively). Of the cases, 19 (95%) had either an EBV VCA IgG titer > or = 1:320 or a coxsackievirus B1 or B4 antibody titer > or = 1:8, a percentage significantly higher than that of controls (40%; P = .0004). Titers of EBV VCA IgG and coxsackievirus B1 and B4 antibodies were simultaneously elevated in only 20% of cases. There was no correlation between elevated titers of EBV VCA IgG and IgG to HHV-6, HSV-1, and HSV-2 or antibody to coxsackieviruses B1 and B4 in the cases. The prevalence of reported allergies to medications or other substances was identical in both groups (60%). These findings suggest that in the majority of cases of CFS, elevation of viral antibody titers is not due to a nonspecific polyclonal immune response.
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PMID:Simultaneous measurement of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and 14 enteroviruses in chronic fatigue syndrome: is there evidence of activation of a nonspecific polyclonal immune response? 852 89

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by disabling fatigue associated with complaints of fevers, sore throat, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, sleep disturbances, neurocognitive difficulties, and depression. A striking feature of CFS is its sudden onset following an acute, presumably viral, illness and the subsequent recurrent "flu-like" symptoms. It has been speculated that both CFS and debilitating chronic fatigue (CF) that does not meet strict criteria for CFS may be the direct or indirect result of viral infections. We therefore tested 548 chronically fatigued patients who underwent a comprehensive medical and psychiatric evaluation for antibodies to 13 viruses. Our objectives were to compare the seroprevalence and/or geometric mean titer (GMT) of antibodies to herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, rubella, adenovirus, human herpesvirus 6, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and Cox-sackie B virus, types 1-6 in patients with CF to healthy control subjects. Other goals were to determine if greater rates of seropositivity or higher GMTs occurred among subsets of patients with CFS, fibromyalgia, psychiatric disorders, a self-reported illness onset with a viral syndrome, and a documented temperature > 37 degrees C on physical examination. Differences in the seroprevalence or GMTs of antibodies to 13 viruses were not consistently found in those with CF compared with control subjects, or in any subsets of patients including those with CFS, an acute onset of illness, or a documented fever. These particular viral serologies were not useful in evaluating patients presenting with CF.
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PMID:Viral serologies in patients with chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. 889 37

A duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection and genotyping of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 from cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) of infants was developed. The glycoprotein D (gD) gene of HSV was selected as a target for amplification. The assay is highly specific, sensitive and reproducible. Herpes simplex virus detection is performed by agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern blot using a chemiluminescent probe. The probe hybridizes to sequences common to both HSV-1 and 2. A DNA fragment of HSV gD gene was cloned and used as positive control and to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the assay. The PCR assay is user-friendly and unambiguously differentiates in one-step both herpes virus strains. The assay is useful to screen CFS specimens from infants exposed to HSV during birth and at risk of developing encephalitis.
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PMID:A duplex PCR assay for detection and genotyping of Herpes simplex virus in cerebrospinal fluid. 1044 Dec 4

Herpesviruses, in particular Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), have, for the past two decades, come under considerable scrutiny as aetiological agents of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, virological findings of herpesviruses in CFS have not been consistent between different studies, and the unusual patterns of serological responses to EBV, CMV and HHV-6 have not been specific for CFS, being observed also in asymptomatic individuals. In addition, patients with symptomatology suggestive of CFS do not appear to have an increased frequency of these herpesviruses, as detected by culture or polymerase chain reaction, compared with controls, which argues against an ongoing active herpetic infection. Studies have also shown that the presumable elevation of antibody titres to EBV, CMV or HHV-6 in CFS are not observed only with these viruses, but also with other organisms such as herpes simplex virus and measles.
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PMID:Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Herpesviruses: the Fading Evidence. 1186 1

To estimate the prevalence of viruses associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and to control for genetic and environmental factors, we conducted a co-twin control study of 22 monozygotic twin pairs, of which one twin met criteria for CFS and the other twin was healthy. Levels of antibodies to human herpesvirus (HHV)-8, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, and hepatitis C virus were measured. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for viral DNA were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimens to detect infection with HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, JC virus, BK virus, and parvovirus B19. To detect lytic infection, plasma was tested by PCR for HHV-6, HHV-8, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus DNA, and saliva was examined for HHV-8 DNA. For all assays, results did not differ between the group of twins with CFS and the healthy twins.
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PMID:Markers of viral infection in monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome. 1259 50

We examined 100 symptomatic Gulf War veterans (patients) and 100 controls for immunologic assays. The veterans and controls were compared for the percentage of T cells (CD3); B cells (CD19); helper:suppressor (CD4:CD8) ratio; natural killer (NK) cell activity; mitogenic response to phytohemagglutin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM); level of immune complexes; myelin basic protein (MBP) and striated and smooth muscle autoantibodies; and antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, human herpes Type 6 (HHV-6), and Varicella zoster virus (VZV). The percentage of T cells in patients versus controls was not significantly different, whereas a significantly higher proportion of patients had elevated T cells compared with controls. The percentage of B cells was significantly elevated in the patients versus the controls. The NK cell (NK) activity was significantly decreased in the patients (24.8 +/- 16.5 lytic units) versus the controls (37.3 +/- 26.4 lytic units). The percentage of patients with lower than normal response to PHA and PWM was significantly different from controls. Immune complexes were significantly increased in the patients (53.1 +/- 18.6, mean +/- SD) versus controls (34.6 +/- 14.3). Autoantibody titers directed against MBP and striated or smooth muscle were significantly greater in patients versus controls. Finally, the patients had significantly greater titers of antibodies to the viruses compared with the controls (p < 0.001). These immune alterations were detected 2-8 years after participation in the Gulf War. The immune alterations are consistent with exposure to different environmental factors. We conclude that Gulf War syndrome is a multifaceted illness with immune function alterations that may be induced by various factors and are probably associated with chronic fatigue syndrome.
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PMID:Cellular and humoral immune abnormalities in Gulf War veterans. 1517 70


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