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Query: UMLS:C0015674 (chronic fatigue syndrome)
 2,978 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The possibility that acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis ('epidemic neuromyasthenia') may share a common pathogenesis is examined and many factors common to the two diseases are described. It is suggested that further study of ADEM may help our understanding of epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis.
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PMID:Post-infectious encephalomyelitis: some aetiological mechanisms. 3 43

The effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the synthesis of RNA in liquid cultures of mouse bone marrow, spleen, thymus, peritoneal, peripheral blood leukocytes and lymph node cells was investigated. GM-CSF appeared to stimulate RNA-synthesis in syngeneic bone marrow cells within ten minutes of adding it to the culture. In the presence of GM-CSF bone marrow cultures maintained their initial rate of RNA synthesis for approximately ten hours. GM-CSF had no apparent effect on the uptake of 3H-uridine into bone marrow cells. This stimulation was still observed in the presence of puromycin and cycloheximide, but was abrogated by actinomycin D. The magnitude of the stimulation was not affected by the density of cells between 1 and 20 x 10(6) cells/ml but was slightly smaller at 0.1 and 40 x 10(6) cells/ml. Increasing concentration of GM-CSF (up to 2 X 105 units per ml) led to increased stimulation of RNA synthesis in bone marrow cells, but a significant stimulation could be detected at concentrations as low as 800 units/ml. GM-CSF did not significantly stimulate RNA synthesis in spleen, thymus, mesenteric or subcutaneous lymph node cells. However a small stimulation was observed in peripheral blood leukocytes and peritoneal cells. Autoradiographic studies showed that GM-CSF stimulated RNA synthesis in blast cells, myelocytes, metamyelocytes and polymorphs. Nucleated erythroid cells showed no increased labeling with GM-CFS. Labeling in lymphoid-like cells was highly variable but the level of labeling did not appear to be influenced by GM-CSF.
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PMID:The effect of colony stimulating factor on the synthesis of ribonucleic acid by mouse bone marrow cells in vitro. 30 Jul 39

Modified conditions are reported for successful continuous bone marrow cultures with stem cell self-renewal and granulocyte-macrophage differentiation. Cells cultured over several weeks were found to be identical to freshly isolated bone marrow cells. Polymorphic neutrophils derived from cultures and primary bone marrow neutrophils both showed C3 AND IgG receptors and both actively phagocytosed foreign particles. Cultured and normal CFU-c were identical, both in their dose responsiveness to CFS and in their sedimentation rate characteristics.
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PMID:Proliferation and differentiation of normal granulopoietic cells in continuous bone marrow cultures. 30 63

Previous studies have reported that GR strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were less likely to cause serious infections. In the present study, this clinical observation of decreased virulence of GR strains of P. aeruginosa was documented in Andriole's rat model. A significantly higher mortality in rats was noted with GS strains of P. aeruginosa (MIC less than 10 microgram/ml) compared to moderately resistant strains (MIC 12.5 to 312 microgram/ml) and highly resistant strains (MIC greater than 312 microgram/ml). Slower growth rates of GR strains of P. aeruginosa were observed in both the lag and the log phases as compared to GS strains. Average counts of in vivo quantitative blood cultures with the use of GR strains were lower at 30 min, 8 hr, and 24 hr compared to those with GS strains. The mortality in mice injected intraperitoneally with CFS's from GS strains (MIC 0.78 to 3.125 microgram/ml) was significantly higher at 8 and 24 hr than those injected with supernatants from GR strains (MIC 25 to 400 microgram/ml). Human neutrophils killed GR and GS strains of P. aeruginosa equally. Decreased virulence of GR strains of P. aeruginosa may be due in part to slower growth rates and to a decreased ability to produce heat-labile toxic components.
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PMID:Decreased virulence of gentamicin-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a rat model. 41 3

Ten patients in whom the clinical findings were consistent with the syndrome variously described as 'benign myalgic encephalomyelitis', 'epidemic neuromyasthenia', 'Royal Free disease' and 'Icelandic disease' were investigated for blood levels of myoglobin and various enzymes. Although there is no clinical resemblance between the two diseases, the biochemical pattern bears a close similarity to that found in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) though differing sharply in that no rise in creatinine kinase levels was found. These findings are discussed with particular reference to recent suggestions that the permeability of cell membranes may be impaired by changes in intracellular energy mechanisms.
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PMID:Clinical and biochemical findings in ten patients with benign myalgic encephalomyelitis. 54 47

Phenylhydrazine treatment of normal mice elicited a rise in the numbers of CFU-S in blood, spleen and liver. High numbers of CFU-S were found in blood and liver 4 d after the first phenylhydrazine injection. CFU-S in the liver decreased slowly and were absent after 2 weeks. Blood CFU-S returned to normal levels by day 6, whereas spleen CFU-S numbers remained high upto day 12 with a 20-fold increase being apparent between days 5 and 8. Bone marrow CFU-S numbers were relatively unaffected except for a dip between days 4 and 7 with a nadir at day 5 where numbers decreased to 50% of the control levels. Approximately 40% of liver, spleen and blood CFU-S present on the 4th d after initiation of phenylhydrazine treatment, were killed with a single dose of hydroxyurea whereas bone marrow CFU-S numbers were not significantly reduced by the drug. Splenectomy performed before (21 d) or during phenylhydrazine treatment did not diminish the number of CFU-S found in theliver on day 4. A 3 d interval was observed between peak numbers of CFS-U and erythroblasts in the liver which suggests that hepatic CFU-S are able to undergo differentiation along the erythroid pathway. The presence of maceophages was correlated with that of erythroblasts in the hepatic central veins. These macrophages may be essential to the liver environment for induction of erythropoiesis.
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PMID:Kinetics of erythropoiesis in the liver induced in adult mice by phenylhydrazine. 59 59

Tetanus antitoxins were measured in serum and cerebro spinal fluid from 58 children--35 boys and 23 girls--with viral meningitis. The concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM were also determined. The appearance of tetanus antitoxins in cerebral spinal fluid depends on absolute antitoxin levels in serum as well as on the antitoxin/IgG ratio. Antitoxin/IgG ratios in serum and cerebro spinal fluid were in the same order of magnitude. Detection of tetanus antitoxins in the cerebral spinal fluid of children with viral meningitis shows clearly that antibody found in cerebral spinal fluid is not an absolute proof of a certain disease. The results further indicate that local production of IgG antibody cannot be postulated by detecting certain antibodies in the CSF. It is also necessary to prove that antibody/globulin ratios are of significantly different magnitude in serum and CFS.
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PMID:[Tetanus antitoxin in serum and cerebral spinal fluid in viral meningitis in children (author's transl)]. 67 36

In an attempt to define the tissue of origin of substances causing aseptic meningitis and secondary hydrocephalus after posterior fossa surgery, analysis of several marker substances from blood, brain, tumour and muscle in the CSF was performed early in seven postoperative patients. No clear pattern emerged which could relate the substances, CSF reaction, and meningeal scarring. The effects of various factors such as contrast studies, drainage, and steroids were also not clear. Review of the literature reveals that all four tissues can cause inflammation. Certain facts about the anatomy of the basilar cisterns and arachnoid villi probably make them logical sites for problems in CFS circulation. Children, for several reasons, are most susceptible to this complication. The complexity of factors in human cases suggests that the problem should be studied in an animal model.
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PMID:Aseptic meningitis and hydrocephalus after posterior fossa surgery. 74 22

The penetration of amoxicillin into cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) in the presence of meningeal inflammation was evaluated in patients with tuberculous meningitis. Serum and CSF concentrations of amoxicillin were measured at 2 h in nine patients who received a 1-g oral dose and at 1.5 and 4 h in ten patients who received a 2-g intravenous injection of sodium amoxicillin. After the oral dose, CSF concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 mug/ml. After the intravenous injection, CSF concentrations ranged from 2.9 to 40.0 mug/ml at 1.5 h and from 2.6 to 27.0 mug/ml at 4 h. These data on penetration suggest that parenterally administered sodium amoxicillin may be of value in the therapy of acute bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Penetration of amoxicillin into cerebrospinal fluid. 74 77

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from 35 pairs of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were analysed as regards mononuclear pleocytosis, concentrations of total protein, immunoglobulin G and A and beta-trace protein, and kappa:lambda ratios, as well as the serum/CSF ratios of IgG and albumin. The disability of the patients differed, whereas the age and the duration of the disease were similar in each pair. Similar analyses were also performed on CSF and serum from 72 patients, who were subdivided according to age at onset and severity of the disease. The highest mean values of the CSF-IgG and the lowest mean values of the serum/CSF IgG ratios were found in the more disabled patients. CSF immunoglobulin abnormalities were encountered more often and were more pronounced in the patients with the most malignant course of the disease, i.e., in those with severe disability after a short duration of the disease (less than 10 yr) and in severely disabled patients with an early age at onset of the disease(less than 25 yr). Contrarily, normal mean values of CSF-IgG concentrations and serum/CFS/IgG ratios were found in the groups of patients without disability after a duration of the disease of 10 years or more, and patients without disability and an early age at onset of the disease (less than 25 yr). The observations indicate that the immune response is most vigorous in disabled patients with a short duration or with an early age at onset of the disease. MS patients with a late age at onset (greater than 35 yr) showed a less pronouced immune response within the CNS, irrespective of the occurrence of disability. The most disabled patients also showed the most severe blood-brain barrier damage as manifested by high mean values of total protein in CSF and low serum/CSF albumin ratios. The patients with severe disability and a long duration of the disease (greater than 10 yr) had the highest content of beta-trace protein in the CSF, probably as a sign of destruction of brain matter.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Relation to clinical parameters: disability, duration and age of onset. 81 8


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