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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the development of inspiratory and expiratory muscle fatigue during normocapnic hyperpnoea, we studied fourteen healthy men performing 8min hyperpnoea, 6min pause, 8min hyperpnoea, etc., until task failure. Twitch transdiaphragmatic (P(di,tw)) and gastric (P(ga,tw)) pressures were measured during cervical and thoracic magnetic nerve stimulation, before hyperpnoea, after every 8min of hyperpnoea, and at task failure (i.e., at 25.3+/-4.7min). P(di,tw) decreased during the first 16min (-28+/-7%, p<0.001) and P(ga,tw) during the first 8min (-20+/-7%, p<0.001) of hyperpnoea without further change until task failure. During inspiration, the pressure-time-product of oesophageal pressure (PTP(oes)) increased relative to PTP(di) during the first 16min (+11+/-21%, p<0.05). Similarly, during expiration, PTP(oes) increased relative to PTP(ga) during the first 8min (+10+/-16%, p<0.05). Also, blood lactate concentration and respiratory sensations significantly increased during the first 8min (+1.0+/-0.5mmoll(-1), p<0.001) and 16min (breathlessness +1.6+/-1.8 points, respiratory effort +5.9+/-2.2points, p<0.001), respectively. We conclude that, during hyperpnoea, contractile fatigue of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles develops long before task failure and may trigger an increased recruitment of rib cage muscles.
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PMID:Development of respiratory muscle contractile fatigue in the course of hyperpnoea. 1880 66

Fatigue is a highly distressing symptom of cancer associated with significant psychological morbidity and reduced quality of life. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) has been underreported, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. Fatigue and depression may coexist in patients with cancer, and considerable overlap of symptoms often occurs. This has led researchers to examine the role of psychotropic medications to treat fatigue. Psychostimulants, wakefulness-promoting agents, antidepressants, and cholinesterase inhibitors have been studied for CRF treatment. Methylphenidate has been studied most and is effective and well tolerated despite common side effects. Some preliminary data support using modafinil for patients with CRF. Antidepressant studies have shown mixed results. Paroxetine shows benefit for fatigue, primarily when it is a symptom of clinical depression. Bupropion sustained release may have psychostimulant-like effects and, therefore, may be beneficial in treating fatigue. Donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, has shown benefit only in open-label trials. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials with specific agents are needed to further assess the efficacy and tolerability of psychotropic medications in CRF treatment.
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PMID:Pharmacologic treatment options for cancer-related fatigue: current state of clinical research. 1884 22

Locomotor performance of transgenic R6/2 mice carrying the Huntington's disease (HD) mutation was assessed using four different tasks, fixed speed rotarod, accelerating rotarod, Digigait and footprint test. The tasks were compared directly in age- and CAG repeat-matched R6/2 mice. Accelerating rotarod was more sensitive than fixed speed rotarod for detecting early motor deficits in R6/2 mice. The sensitivity of accelerating rotarod increased with the acceleration rate and/or the start speed from which the rod accelerated. Differences between tasks were not due to inability of R6/2 mice to maintain balance at high speeds or increased fatigue on accelerating rotarod, but to difficulties in coordinating gait changes required by the constant change in speed on accelerating rotarod. The footprint test was sensitive to gait disturbances. However, surprisingly, R6/2 mice did not show major gait abnormalities on an automated treadmill task (Digigait), even though they showed overt gait deficits in the home cage. The fact that the sensitivity for detecting motor deficits depended strongly on the individual task, and on the protocol used, suggests that non-motor factors were differentially engaged in the different paradigms. We thus recommend that more than one task should be used for detecting and tracking different aspects of motor decay in animal models of HD. Since deficits in non-motor factors such as executive function and motivation may differentially influence motor outcome in each task, our results call for a more thorough investigation of the importance of higher level control of locomotion in animal models of HD.
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PMID:The detection and measurement of locomotor deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease are task- and protocol-dependent: influence of non-motor factors on locomotor function. 1901 Apr

Segmental mandibulectomy is a treatment option for benign and malignant neoplasms of the mandible. Although reconstructing the mandible of a patient with a missing segment is difficult, it is essential to improve the postoperative course of the patient. Mandibular reconstruction using titanium mesh is a useful technique for dental implant placement because the morphology of the mandible can be easily reproduced. However, fitting titanium mesh to the remaining mandible is not an easy task during surgery. The present report introduces a method in which a 3-dimensional skull model fabricated by means of stereolithography is prepared, based on computerized tomography (CT) scans, to construct a titanium mesh cage matching the shape of the mandible, preoperatively. Furthermore, the load-bearing area of the titanium mesh cage is reinforced by laser welding another layer of titanium mesh to reduce the incidence of metal fatigue during jaw movement.
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PMID:Mandibular reconstruction using autologous iliac bone and titanium mesh reinforced by laser welding for implant placement. 1921 87

Fatigue could be induced following forced exercise, sickness, heat stroke or sleep disturbance and impaired brain-related functions such as concentration, attention and memory. Here we investigated whether fatigue altered the dendrites of central neurons. Central fatigue was induced by housing rats in cage with 1.5-cm deep water for 1-5 days. Three days of sleep deprivation seriously compromised rats' performance in weight-loaded forced swimming and spatial learning tests, and 5 days of treatment worsened it further. Combinations of intracellular dye injection and three-dimensional analysis revealed that dendritic spines on retrograde tracer-identified corticospinal neurons and Cornu Ammonis (CA)1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons were significantly reduced while the shape or length of the dendritic arbors was not altered. Three days of rest restored the spine loss and the degraded spatial learning and weight-loaded forced swimming performances to control levels. In conclusion, although we could not rule out additional non-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress, the apparent fatigue induced following a few days of sleep deprivation could change brain structurally and functionally and the effects were reversible with a few days of rest.
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PMID:Fatigue reversibly reduced cortical and hippocampal dendritic spines concurrent with compromise of motor endurance and spatial memory. 1937 3

Bonito extract (BE) has been shown to improve various fatigue-related symptoms. The possibility that the improvement of blood flow contributes to the improvement of fatigue-related symptoms has been reported. However, even though BE has been found to increase peripheral blood flow in humans, an understanding of its mechanisms has remained elusive. The purpose of the present study is to construct an animal model system with which the blood flow-increasing effects of BE can be examined. Using mice loaded with crowding stress, an attempt was made to reproduce the increases in peripheral blood flow observed in humans after a single administration of BE. In this study, the crowded-condition mice (20 mice/cage) showed significantly increased catecholamine levels (noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine) in their circulating blood and a decreased rate of skin blood perfusion in comparison with the normal-condition mice (6 mice/cage). The rate of skin blood perfusion was significantly increased by BE in the crowded-condition mice in comparison with the controls, but not influenced by BE in the normal-condition mice. This suggests that BE expands the vascular diameter by affecting the constriction of vessels induced by catecholamines.
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PMID:Ingestion of bonito extract ameliorates peripheral blood flow in mice loaded from over crowding stress. 1942 Jul 37

Electroacupuncture (EA) and manual acupuncture (MA) have therapeutic effects on muscle fatigue in muscle disease. The deficiencies of carnitine and glutathione induce muscle fatigue. This report investigated the effects of EA and MA on carnitine and glutathione in muscle. After the mice of EA group were fixed in the animal cage, right Zusanli (ST36) and Jiexi (ST41) were acupunctured and stimulated with uniform reinforcing and reducing method by twirling the acupuncture needle for 15 min. And then, the needle handles were connected to an electric stimulator for stimulating the acupoint with dense-sparse waves. After the mice of MA group were fixed in an animal cage, right ST36 and ST41 were acupunctured and allowed for 15 min. The mice of normal control group were not acupunctured and stimulated for 15 min. The mice of all groups were killed for collecting muscle tissue 1 h after the final treatment. Carnitine and glutathione in homogenate of muscle tissue were determined with carnitine (Kainos Laboratories Co., Tokyo, Japan) and glutathione assay kit (Dojin Chemicals Co., Kumamoto, Japan). Carnitine level in muscle tissue of MA group was significantly higher than those of EA group and normal control group. Carnitine level in muscle tissue of EA group was not significantly different from that of normal control group. Glutathione levels in muscle tissue of EA group and MA group were significantly higher than that of normal control group. This report presented that carnitine in muscle is increased by MA, and not increased by EA, and that glutathione in muscle is increased by EA and MA.
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PMID:Investigation of electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture on carnitine and glutathione in muscle. 1959 78

A simple isolation of the prostate enabled quantitative collection of prostatic secretion in dogs over periods of months. The secretory stimulant was pilocarpine and 2 similar amounts injected with a 6 hour interval gave smaller amounts at the second testing, suggesting a fatigue effect. The prostate was not absolutely refractory since doubling the amount of alkaloid injected at the second test increased the volume to equal or exceed the preliminary secretion. The depression effect had disappeared at 24 hours. In normal dogs the secretory curves were essentially regular, with occasional prolonged rises or depressions. The amount of secretion did not bear a direct relationship to the weight of the gland in adult dogs. The germinal epithelium of the testis underwent atrophy during the first few weeks of cage life while the prostatic secretion was maintained, showing that the atrophy was differential and did not involve the cells producing the androgenic hormone. The atrophy was reversible and all dogs kept for more than 4 months showed restoration of the germ cells. A few dogs developed atrophy of the germinal cells with cessation of prostatic secretion for many weeks but with final recovery. Removal of the suprarenal glands with suprarenal insufficiency did not produce sterility. The distribution of electrolytes in the prostatic secretion differed from that in the serum-transudate system, although the concentration of osmotically active substances was the same, being made up almost entirely of sodium and chloride. The distribution was not affected by the different physiological procedures used in this study. Protein concentrations were less than 1 per cent. The rate of prostatic atrophy following castration was determined, and cessation of secretion occurred in 7 to 23 days. The restoration of prostatic fluid in castrate dogs following daily injections of testosterone propionate followed a smooth curve to form a plateau which was interrupted occasionally by prolonged elevations with return to the established level. The prostate having been reconstructed, the dosage of androgenic material injected could be greatly reduced without causing a decrease in secretion. Ablation of the thyroid and parathyroid glands had no significant influence on prostatic secretion. Hyperthyroidism caused a secretory depression interrupted with returns to normal levels.
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PMID:QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF PROSTATIC SECRETION : I. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NORMAL SECRETION; THE INFLUENCE OF THYROID, SUPRARENAL, AND TESTIS EXTIRPATION AND ANDROGEN SUBSTITUTION ON THE PROSTATIC OUTPUT. 1987 Sep 29

Fatigue is known to be accompanied by a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness, resulting from severe stress and hard physical or mental work. To investigate the functional localization of neural activity related to fatigue and recovery, we examined brain c-Fos expression patterns in a rat in a state of fatigue in which rats kept in a cage filled with water to a height of 2.2cm for 1-5 days. A significant increase in the number of c-Fos-immunopositive cells was observed in the retrosplenial granular b cortex during the fatigue-loading and in the dentate gyrus of the ventral hippocampus after a 24-h recovery. In addition, variable increases in the number of c-Fos-immunopositive cells were observed in the cingulate cortex area 2, ventral part of the lateral septum nucleus, median preoptic nucleus, anterior part of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, medial parvicellular part of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, and lateral and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray during the fatigue-load period. These results indicate that such regional brain activity would be involved in fatigue or in subsequent recovery and might provide a foothold for further research into the nature of fatigue.
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PMID:Mapping of regional brain activation in response to fatigue-load and recovery in rats with c-Fos immunohistochemistry. 2001 15

Ovariectomy (OVX) leads to hyperphagia and weight gain in rats, which can be prevented by estradiol (E2) replacement; however, the role of endogenous E2 on feeding and energy homeostasis in female mice has not been well characterized. The primary goal of this study was to assess the relative contribution of increased energy intake and decreased energy expenditure to OVX-induced weight gain in female rats and mice. OVX led to hyperphagia in rats, but did not produce daily, nor cumulative, hyperphagia in mice. OVX decreased mass-specific metabolic rate in mice, but not in rats. OVX decreased home cage locomotor activity in both species. Pair-feeding attenuated OVX-induced weight gain in rats and produced both short- and long-term changes in expression of key hypothalamic genes involved in food intake and energy homeostasis, i.e., the anorexigenic neuropeptide pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and the orexigenic neuropeptides: melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP). No differences in hypothalamic gene expression were observed between OVX'd and sham mice. The results suggest that OVX-induced weight gain is mediated by hyperphagia and reduced locomotor activity in rats, but that in mice, it is primarily mediated by reduced locomotor activity and metabolic rate.
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PMID:Female mice and rats exhibit species-specific metabolic and behavioral responses to ovariectomy. 2006 98


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