Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Motor units from the cat tibialis posterior muscle were examined for an association between physiological and biochemical properties. Functionally isolated motor units were categorized on the basis of their physiological properties. This was followed by quantitative microbiochemical analysis of single muscle fibers from each unit, identified in cross sections using the glycogen-depletion method. The activities of malate dehydrogenase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase distinguished between fatigable (type FF) and fatigue-resistant (types FR and S) units. The activities of both lactate dehydrogenase and adenylokinase were higher in fast- than in slow-contracting units. Cluster analyses, based on both physiological and biochemical properties or on biochemical properties alone, produced groupings identical to types FF, FR, and S. The association between physiological and biochemical properties substantiates the idea that biochemically distinct groups of motor units correspond to physiologically identifiable groups.
 ...
PMID:Association between biochemical and physiological properties in single motor units. 335 59

Cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymatic activities were measured in normal renal cortical tissue and in hypernephroma. Significantly lower activities were always found in tumoral tissue than in normal renal tissue. Their respective values (mean +/- SD) were: LDH, 4,333 +/- 747 (normal tissue) vs. 997 +/- 748 U/l (tumor); HBDH, 2,554 +/- 466 vs. 387 +/- 290 U/l; AST, 529 +/- 109 vs. 65 +/- 37 U/l, and ALT, 205 +/- 45 vs. 9.9 +/- 5.4 U/l. The LDH/HBDH ratio was significantly greater in tumoral (2.69 +/- 0.69) than in normal tissue (1.70 +/- 0.11). These results indicate that hypernephroma exhibits a low metabolic rate when compared to normal tissue. Their enzymatic activities suggest a decreased energy metabolism, predominantly of the anaerobic type, and a reduced synthesis of nonessential amino acids in the tumor. These findings could explain in part the slow growth rate of hypernephroma.
 ...
PMID:Cytoplasmic enzyme activities in human hypernephroma compared with normal renal cortical tissue. 337 61

Peculiar erythematosquamous lesions were observed in two adult patients in Japan with hereditary lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit deficiency. Although these patients showed excessive fatigue and myoglobulinuria after extended exercise, they were usually asymptomatic. However, nonpruritic follicular papules or erythematous patches with scaly edges were present on the extensor surfaces of the extremities of these patients since childhood, showing some improvement after puberty. There were also erythematous patches on the weight-bearing areas of their soles. These patches showed exacerbation and a tendency toward peripheral spreading in summer. These skin lesions provide an important clue in the detection of this genetic enzyme deficiency.
 ...
PMID:Erythematosquamous skin lesions in hereditary lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit deficiency. 378 77

This study describes the influence of muscle fiber type composition, enzyme activities and capillary supply on muscle strength, local muscle endurance or aerobic power and capacity. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis in thirteen physically active men. Histochemical staining procedures were applied to assess the percentage of fast twitch (FT) fibers, muscle fiber area, and capillary density. Also, the activity of citrate synthase (CS), creatine kinase (CK), hexokinase (HK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and phosphofructokinase (PFK) were analysed using fluorometrical assays. Peak torque at 'low' and 'high' angular velocities was measured during leg extension. Similarly, muscle fatigue (e.g. peak torque decline) and recovery from a short-term exercise task were measured during maximal, voluntary consecutive leg extensions. Aerobic power (VO2max) and aerobic capacity (e.g. onset of blood lactate concentration; OBLA), as defined by a blood lactate concentration of 4 mol X 1(-1) were measured during cycling. Peak torque at a high angular velocity was positively correlated with % FT area (p less than 0.001). Fatigue and recovery were correlated with LDH X CS-1 (p less than 0.001). WOBLA was best correlated with PFK and PFK X CS-1 (p less than 0.001). Hence, muscle strength was partly determined by fiber type composition whereas local muscle endurance, recovery and aerobic capacity reflect mainly capillary supply and the activity of key enzymes involved in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
 ...
PMID:The influence of muscle metabolic characteristics on physical performance. 406 7

Alterations in enzyme activities involved in muscle energy metabolism and the muscle fiber type distribution were investigated in six subjects, ranging in age from 19-23 years, following short-term, high intensity exercise. Changes in the vastus lateralis muscle were studied prior to exercise and approximately 24 h after each of 2 consecutive days of supramaximal cycling exercise (120% VO2 max) performed intermittently as 1-min work to 4-min rest until fatigue or until 24 repetitions had been completed. The results indicated that there were no changes (P greater than 0.05) in maximal in vitro activities for representative enzymes of beta-oxidation (3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, HAD), the citric acid cycle (succinic dehydrogenase, SDH), glucose phosphorylation (hexokinase, HK), glycogenolysis (total phosphorylase, PHOSPH), or glycolysis (phosphofructokinase, PFK; pyruvate kinase, PK; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) in spite of the large increase in carbohydrate utilization and glycolytic flux rate. In addition, although no change in fiber type distribution was found in the pre-exercise biopsy between days, an acute reduction (P less than 0.05) in type I fiber distribution occurred with exercise. It is concluded that supramaximal exercise performed on a short-term basis does not alter the enzymatic profile or the fiber type distribution when measured 24 h following the activity.
 ...
PMID:Fiber type distribution and maximal activities of enzymes involved in energy metabolism following short-term supramaximal exercise. 609 Mar 24

The mouse liver revealed no increased incorporation of [14C]-orotic acid into either the total acid-soluble fraction, the uridine triphosphate or the RNA at 6 and 24 h after partial hepatectomy. In regenerating mouse and rat liver, the concentration of adenosine triphosphate was decreased 15-20% at 6 h, but was in the same range as that of the controls at 24 h. The adenosine monophosphate concentration of mouse liver increased 4-fold and 2-fold at these times after partial hepatectomy, respectively. The results indicate no direct relationship between the energy metabolism and the uptake and incorporation of orotic acid into RNA of regenerating liver. The activity of mouse plasma lactate dehydrogenase 5 (LDH 5) was increased 12-fold at 6 h and 5-fold at 24 h after partial hepatectomy. In rat, the LDH 5 activity was increased 2-fold at 6 h but was not different from that of the controls at 24 h. An increased leakage of LDH 5, possibly related to the decreased energy content of the liver, was thus revealed by the partially hepatectomized mice.
 ...
PMID:Possible significance of changes in the energy metabolism for the release of liver lactate dehydrogenase and for the uptake and incorporation of [14C]-orotic acid into liver ribonucleic acid after partial hepatectomy. 615 85

Discussion focuses on 3 of the most promising lines of current contraceptive research -- gossypol, vaccines, and GnRH analogues, considering both the scientific principles behind their development and the ethical implications of their future application. 1) Chinese scientists confirmed the antispermatogenic effects of cotton seed oil in animal experiments; in 1971 the active agent was identifed as gossypol. The 1st clinical trials were initiated in 1972 and thus far more than 8000 volunteers have been treated with a variety of gossypol preparations including native gossypol, gossypol acetic acid, and gossypol formic acid. The conventional contraceptive regime involves a loading dose of 20mg/day for 60-75 days followed by a maintenance dose of 50 mg/week. An undisclosed number of pregnancies have occurred. Reversibility seems to be a major problem since around 10% of men remain infertile after the cessation of gossypol intake. Other hazards of gossypol ingestion include fatigue, gastrointestinal disorders, decreased libido, dizziness, and in 0.75% of cases hypokalaemic paralysis. The question arises as to whether it is right that 8000 Chinese men have been administered gossypol while ignorance concerning the toxicity and effectiveness of this compound prohibits its approval by any other government west of the Himalayas. 2) The development of a contraceptive vaccine would be appropriate to the needs of the Third World, the population of which will have doubled in 34 years to 6.6 billion. The advantages of vaccines are that they can be administered by paramedical personnel, they should provide a long-lasting protection against pregnancy, and they can take advantage of the service infrastructure existing in most developing countries for the administration of vaccines against disease. The zona pellucida and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are not the only candidates for an antifertility vaccine but they are the most promising. A 3rd but less attractive possibility is to immunize against sperm antigens. Possibly the most feasible sperm antigen for contraceptive development is a specific lactate dehydrogenase, isozyme, LDH-X. Both gossypol and vaccines will most likely find their ultimate application in developing countries where factors such as cost, ease of administration, and duration of action are paramount. 3) Progress has also recently been made with an alternative method more oriented toward the Western market. This approach involves the chronic administration of powerful analogues of the hypothalamic releasing hormone, GnRH, modified to contain a D-aminoacid in position 6 and, in some formulations, an ethylamide group in position 10 to prolong the half-life of the agonist "in vivo." Recent clinical trials have noted some variability in the responsiveness of individuals to chronic treatment with GnRH analogues, administered in the form of a nasal spray. The optimum protocol for administering GnRH has yet to be determined.
 ...
PMID:New techniques in contraception: gossypol, vaccines and GnRH analogues. 636 84

Rat cardiac myocytes were isolated by heart perfusion in the presence of collagenase and incubated in the absence of presence of oxygen. As a result of anoxia, there was a gradual increase in plasma membrane permeability, noted as a decrease in trypan blue exclusion frequency, leakage of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase and intracellular accumulation of the isotope compound 99Tcm-gluconate. The changes in plasma membrane permeability properties were preceded by a marked decrease in cellular ATP level and an increased proportion of contracted myocytes. The ability of the myocytes to resynthesize ATP and to recover from the anoxic injury upon reoxygenation decreased gradually with the length of initial anaerobic incubation during the first 25 min and disappeared after 30 min of anoxia, indicating that the anoxic injury to the isolated rat cardiac myocytes becomes irreversible after 25--30 min of anoxia. It is suggested that a decreased energy level is of primary importance for the initiation of cell injury in anoxia and that it is followed by cell contracture and subsequently by a disturbed plasma membrane function, cell swelling and death. This experimental model system of isolated viable rat cardiac myocytes is suitable for problems dealing with reversibility of myocytic injury.
 ...
PMID:Isolated rat cardiac myocytes as an experimental tool in the study of anoxic cell injury. Effect of reoxygenation--a preliminary report. 720 17

A family with a complete deficiency of lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit was investigated. The propositus was an 18-year-old male who complained of exertional pigmenturia and easy fatigue. Marked discrepancy was observed in the ratio between creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (CK/LDH). Electrophoretic analysis of serum LDH isoenzymes of the propositus demonstrated only one activity band of LDH H4. A complete lack of the LDH M-subunit was similarly demonstrated in erythrocytes, leukocytes and in the intermediate vastus muscle. LDH levels in the muscle specimen were markedly decreased in the patient, whereas CK and aspartate aminotransferase were almost the same as in a control subject. LDH isoenzymes of erythrocytes were analyzed in 5 siblings and in the parents. This demonstrated a complete lack of LDH M-subunit in 3 siblings. The ratio between H-subunit and M-subunit (H/M) in erythrocyte LDH suggested a partial absence of the M-subunit in two siblings and in the parents. An abortive increase of blood lactate and a marked increase in blood pyruvate were observed immediately after ischemic work of the forearm, accompanied by an increase in serum creatine kinase and myoglobinuria. The present case represents a newly described form of genetically determined myopathy.
 ...
PMID:Hereditary deficiency of lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit. 744 46

An autopsy case of a 42 year old man with the anerythremic form of acute erythremic myelosis (Di Guglielmo's syndrome) is reported. The patient was admitted because of a 1 month history of fatigue and fever. Physical examination showed hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory data showed leukopenia, mild normocytic anemia, and high levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase and vitamin B12. Bone marrow aspirate revealed an elevated number of erythroblasts, with dyserythropoiesis (E/M = 3.7). After admission, thrombocytopenia progressed rapidly, but blast cells were not seen in the peripheral blood throughout the clinical course. On the 56th hospital day, the patient died of pneumonia. At autopsy, the spleen weighed 550 g and the liver 1800 g. Histologically, the white and red pulps of the spleen and the portal region and sinusoid of the liver were diffusely infiltrated by blast cells that were positive for anti-hemoglobin (Hb) antibody on immunoperoxidase staining. The bone marrow, the lymph nodes, the adrenal glands, the pancreas, and the heart were also infiltrated by the blast cells. This was thus considered to be a rare case of the anerythremic form of acute erythremic myelosis (Di Guglielmo's syndrome), the findings showing that Hb immunoperoxidase staining is useful for the diagnosis of this condition.
 ...
PMID:Anerythremic form of acute erythremic myelosis (Di Guglielmo's syndrome) causing hepatosplenomegaly due to the infiltration of hemoglobin-bearing blast cells: an autopsy case. 755 Oct 2


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>