Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether commercially available electrical muscle stimulators could provide functional ambulation exercise for the spinal cord injured individual. Commercially available electrical muscle stimulators were used for functional electrical stimulation and interfaced with reciprocating gait orthoses so that a new system has been developed. Advantages of the system include commercially available subsystems and subsystems for applications such as gait training. The system involves six electrical stimulation units worn on a belt; controlled by remote switches; and interfacing to electrodes placed over the quadriceps femoris, hamstring, and gluteal muscle groups of each leg. Four electrical stimulation units (for quadriceps femoris muscle stimulation) function primarily for stand-up and sit-down activities. Two other units (for stimulation of the hip extensor muscles) function primarily for ambulation. The system is described for use with a C7-level quadriplegic individual. The patient successfully performed over 20 repetitions of stand-up and sit down exercises with the system. An average walking distance of about 0.8 km was routinely traversed at velocities ranging from 1.2 to 2.0 km per hour. It was concluded that muscle fatigue, rather than battery power, was the functionally limiting factor for the quadriplegic patient. A recommendation is that application of the system for walking exercise should be preceded by a physical conditioning program of functional electrical stimulation. Specific medical criteria should be satisfied prior to formally prescribing the system for an individual. Finally, the steps involved in the writing of the walking system prescription are outlined.
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PMID:Functional electrical stimulation and lower extremity bracing for ambulation exercise of the spinal cord injured individual: a medically prescribed system. 278 9

The incidence of acute mountain sickness was determined by questionnaire in 454 individuals who attended week-long continuing medical education programs at ski resorts in the Rocky Mountains with base elevations of about 2000 m. As a control group, 96 individuals who attended continuing medical education programs at sea level in San Francisco completed similar questionnaires. Study subjects were classified as having acute mountain sickness when they reported three or more of the five possible cardinal symptoms: headache, insomnia, dyspnea, anorexia, and fatigue. Only symptoms with an intensity of at least grade 2 (moderate) out of 5 were analyzed. Acute mountain sickness-like symptoms occurred in 25% of subjects at 2000 m compared with 5% of subjects at sea level. The incidence of acute mountain sickness at 2000 m was greatest among subjects who had come from lower altitudes. Half of the subjects with symptoms took medication. The duration of symptoms was short, with 90% of all symptoms that were reported occurring in the first 72 hours. Acute mountain sickness is common at intermediate altitudes, and it is frequently severe enough to prompt self-medication.
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PMID:Incidence of acute mountain sickness at intermediate altitude. 291 Nov 69

To test the value of dexamethasone acetate for ameliorating acute mountain sickness (AMS), we conducted a double-blind, randomized study that compared the effects of 4 mg of dexamethasone acetate or a placebo (given every six hours for six doses beginning at the time of exposure) at 2700 and 2050 m. Study subjects, who were recruited from health professionals who attended continuing medical education programs at ski resorts in the Rocky Mountains, were classified as having AMS when they reported three or more of the five usual symptoms (headache, insomnia, dyspnea, anorexia, and/or fatigue) on a single day. All symptoms with an intensity of at least grade 2 (moderate) out of 5 were analyzed. At 2700 m, there was a 50% decrease in the mean AMS symptom score in the dexamethasone group (0.94 +/- 1.11 vs 1.84 +/- 1.44 [mean +/- SD]) and the incidence of AMS was 20% of that in the control group (3/38 vs 14/35). At 2050 m, there was no difference between dexamethasone and a placebo in the mean AMS symptom score (1.52 +/- 1.50 vs 1.24 +/- 1.33) and the incidence of AMS (5/25 vs 4/25). Dexamethasone ameliorates the usual symptoms of AMS at 2700 m but not at 2050 m.
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PMID:Effects of dexamethasone on the incidence of acute mountain sickness at two intermediate altitudes. 291 Nov 70

Computerised instruction means teaching by computer using a program that alternates information with self-checking multiple choice questions. This system was used to create a fully computerized lesson on the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer which was then tested on a small group of medical students attending the Radiology School of the Milan University Institute of Radiological Sciences. At the end of the test, the students were asked to complete a questionnaire which was then analysed. The computer lesson consisted of 66 text messages and 21 self-checking questions. It aroused considerable interest, though the most common reason was curiosity about a novel system. The degree of fatigue caused was modest despite the fact that the computer lesson was at least as demanding as a traditional lesion, if not more so. The level of learning was considered high and optimised by the use of self-checking questions that were considered an essential element. However no student agreed to sit an official examination, even interactively, using the computer.
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PMID:[Computerized instruction. Preliminary analysis of the experience at the Institute of Radiological Sciences of the University of Milan]. 331 Jan 36

Pressure distribution inside shoes is of great importance for orthopaedic and biomechanical inquiries. Especially in sports, safety and comfort depend essentially on this quantity, which also determines whether a shoe is well suited for a certain discipline. Therefore, the measurement of pressure distribution allows detailed and objective statements about these factors. Using a set of newly developed thin and highly flexible measuring mats and the corresponding electronic equipment, such statements have become possible. First results with this method were obtained in alpine skiing. 8 different types of ski boots (sizes 5 and 8) worn by 14 subjects were tested on different foreward leans and temperatures using 7-point measuring mats (2 cm2/point) fixed between the boot shaft and the front of the lower leg of each leg. Additional measurements on three different types of boots using a 3 x 24-point mat (1 cm2/point) for the lower leg, as well as measurements underneath the foot with a 14-point (2 cm2/point) and a 80-point (1 cm2/point) mat were performed. A complementary determination of the force at the heel element of a ski binding and a registration of muscular activity (EMG) helped in the interpretation of the results. Some field research using telemetry completed our study. Considerable variations between different boots were found in value and location of pressure maxima. Traditional boots show high pressure values over the instep at foreward leans of 35 degrees and a rise of pressure underneath the forefoot while fixing the buckles, whereas minimal pressure over the instep, no compression of the forefoot and a pressure maximum near the upper end of the shaft are observed in rear entry boots. The force at the heel-important for binding release-varies widely between different boots at the same foreward lean. There was no asymmetry between the pressure distributions of right and left. The pressure distributions for different subjects measured in the same boot were very similar. The temperature dependence of pressures is strongly influenced by the construction principle of the boot: If shaft stiffness is caused by deformation of plastics, boots become much stiffer at the freezing point than they are at room temperature. Well-suited ski boots should cause low pressure over the instep and show a relatively low maximum in the upper part of the shaft, in order to allow a good transmission of torque, which is necessary for a safe binding release and easy skiing without fatigue. The shaft stiffness must not depend strongly on temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Measuring pressure distribution on the human tibia in ski boots]. 350 14

To assess the effectiveness of muscle-strength (weight training) on simulated aerial combat maneuvering (SACM) G tolerance, seven young men were exposed to a 12-week program of whole-body weight training in which were measured, strengths of various muscle groups, body circumferences, body mass, and the percentage of body fat. The magnitudes of the weights used in training were used to measure muscle strength and were compared and correlated with each subject's SACM tolerance--defined as the total time that a subject could withstand continuous exposure to a 4.5 and 7.0 + Gz centrifuge profile using fatigue as his voluntary endpoint. Chest and biceps circumferences increased 4.2% and 3.1%, respectively; abdomen and thigh circumferences did not significantly change; body fat decreased 16.8%; and body mass increased 2.3%. Abdominal (sit ups) and biceps (arm curl) strengths increased 99% and 26.2%, respectively, and were highly correlated with SACM tolerance time (p less than 0.01); leg (leg press) and chest strengths (bench press) made less significant contributions to the SACM tolerance time. A net increase in SACM tolerance times of 53% resulted from weight-training. Multiple regression analysis of all four muscle groups between weeks 1 and 12 with the SACM tolerance had a correlation of determination of 0.61.
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PMID:The effectiveness of specific weight training regimens on simulated aerial combat maneuvering G tolerance. 401 64

Twenty-six physical performance variables were assessed on 100 professional fire fighters and correlated against timed measures of five sequentially performed fire fighting tasks and against fractionated heart rates collected during performance of the fire fighting tasks via Holter monitoring of the ECG. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that two factors, physical work capacity and resistance to fatigue, accounted for the fractionated time and heart rate data. The first factor, influenced heavily by the average intra-task heart rate (L = 0.94) and by the approximately equal weights for the five simulated tasks (-0.53 less than L less than -0.36), reflected the fact that relatively high muscular strength and endurance, coupled with a near maximal aerobic capacity effort, were required to complete the simulated tasks. The battery of physical performance variables best predicting the first factor (R2 = 0.63) included maximal heart rate, sit-ups, grip strength, age, and submaximal oxygen pulse. The second factor (R2 = 0.39), most heavily loaded by the simulated rescue (L = 0.70) and chopping tasks (L = 0.42), appeared to represent an ability to complete all tasks quickly by exhibiting a resistance to fatigue brought on by the demands of the earlier tasks. The battery of physical performance variables best predicting the second factor included lean body weight, maximal heart rate, final treadmill grade, age, and percent fat. This study demonstrated that physiological factors related to the performance of occupational tasks can be identified and measured.
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PMID:Relationship between simulated fire fighting tasks and physical performance measures. 707 Feb 61

Surface electromyographic (SEMG) signals are often used to study motor control during human movement. Typically, the SEMG signal is used to determine when the muscle was on or off during the movement. However, determining the time-based frequency content of the SEMG signal in conjunction with the time-history of the movement may provide us with more insight into how the motion is organized. We collected SEMG from 4 muscles, (soleus, vasti, gluteus maximus, hamstrings) while subjects performed jumping and sit-to-stand tasks under altered g-environments. The experiment was performed on the Dynamic Environmental Simulator at Wright Patterson AFB, OH. The subjects performed the tasks at 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 g. The SEMG signals were then analyzed using a continuous discrete wavelet transform based on a 4-coefficient Daubechie wavelet. Our initial results show that although the time-history of muscle activation patterns during movements do not always vary significantly at different g levels, the frequency content does change, with more high frequency activation at low g levels, and more low frequency activation at higher g levels. One possible explanation for the difference in frequency activation is fatigue of fast twitch fibers during the experiment. These differences were not apparent from the time-history activation patterns, and are difficult to interpret from standard FFT manipulations.
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PMID:Time-frequency analysis of the surface EMG during maximum height jumps under altered-G conditions. 794 52

The Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB) quantifies health-related quality of life with a single number that represents community-based preferences for combinations of symptom/problem complexes, mobility, physical activity, and social activity. The aim of this study was to compare preferences of a long-term care population with those of the general population, determine whether preferences vary by the age of the hypothetical (target) person depicted in the health-state case description, and derive weights for new symptom/problem complexes of particular relevance to frail, older individuals. A sample of 38 female and 12 male long-term care residents with an average age of 86 years was asked to rate health-state scenarios that combined the four health domains of the QWB. This sample rates quality of life 0.10 units lower on average (on a 0-1 scale) than did the general population sample from which the QWB preferences were originally developed. Ratings of the same health state for younger versus older target persons did not differ significantly (all p values > 0.05 for t statistics). Weights derived for 11 new symptom/problem complexes were: disturbed sleep (-0.252), sit-to-stand requires maximal effort (-0.259), lonely (-0.265), walking a short distance causes extreme fatigue (-0.273), agitated (-0.284), hallucinating (-0.355), incontinent (0-359), unable to control one's behavior (-0.36), urinary catheter (-0.374), restrained in bed or chair (-0.374), and feeding tube through the nose or stomach (-0.402). These new weights increase the relevance of the QWB for cost-utility evaluations of health interventions for long-term care residents.
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PMID:Long-term care residents' preferences for health states on the quality of well-being scale. 881 24

This research compares the physiological characteristics of young wrestlers grouped by age. Three hundred and twenty eight wrestlers (mean age 15.99 +/- 1.08 years and mean weight 65.94 +/- 11.01 kg) attending a wrestling training camp between 1990 and 1994 were tested to determine their physiological capacities. The physiological profile included body weight, body composition measured by hydrostatic weighing, sum of skinfolds, aerobic power, grip strength, absolute and relative endurance, situps, pushups, fatigue, and flexibility measures. Wrestlers were divided into three age categories: G1: < or = 15 years of age; G2: 16 years of age; and G3: > or = 17 years of age. Analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test revealed statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in body weight (G1 < G2,G3), fat free weight (G1 < G2,G3), grip strength (G1 < G2,G3), absolute (G1 < G2,G3; G2 < G3) and relative endurance (G1 < G3,G2 < G3), pushups (G1 < G3; G2 < G3), sit and reach (G1 < G3), Margaria-Kalamen power (G1 < G2,G3), and Wingate arm and leg mean powers (G1 < G2,G3). When covaried for body weight and fat free weight, there were no significant differences in grip strength and Margaria-Kalamen power. Significant differences in arm mean power when covaried for body weight and fat free weight (G1 < G3) and for leg mean power when covaried for body weight (G1 < G3) were noted. These wrestlers were similar to young wrestlers in published research, with low body fat, excellent aerobic capacity and flexibility. When separated by age, the younger wrestlers possess less body weight, fat free weight, grip length, and power measures, possibly due to lower muscle mass.
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PMID:Physiological profile of age-group wrestlers. 897 47


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