Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hypothesis of the Basic Rest Activity Cycle (BRAC), that underlies approximately 90-min fluctuations in states of consciousness, has gained strong documentation during sleep in cyclical occurrence of its REM and NON-REM stages, however, there is no convicting evidence of this rhythm in waking. According to the concept of protective mechanisms of BRAC (Kokoszka, 1990), the rest phase of the BRAC manifests in states of consciousness with domination of passive state of mind and spontaneous activity of imagination, as well as domination contemplation over goal oriented activity, that occur during some socially accepted everyday activities. In order to verify this, 30 persons (21 women and 9 men) aged between 19-52 (M = 29.1; SD = 10.08) answered specially designed sets of questions three times a day (at noon, at 5 p.m., and before sleep) over 2 consecutive days. The results indicate that states considered as mechanisms of information metabolism were reported by all subjects and with a mean frequency of 9.0 (SD = 1.5) on the first day, and 8 (SD = 1.65) on the second day. Most often they were classified as purposeful overstimulation, thoughtlessness, and fatigue.
 ...
PMID:The protective mechanisms of the basic rest-activity cycle as an indirect manifestation of this rhythm in waking: preliminary report. 1275 29

A young asymptomatic male athlete came to our laboratory to be enrolled in a research protocol on physical fatigue. Routine clinical and cardiological evaluations including echocardiogram were in the normal range. Several consecutive cardiopulmonary tests showed a fairly good tolerance to exercise, with no symptoms even when the effort was abruptly arrested. On the other hand, Holter ECG recordings showed long nocturnal sinus pauses. As he was absolutely asymptomatic and free from any structural heart disease, he underwent a follow-up with repeated Holter monitorings for one year. During this period he decided on his own to stop practising sports; in spite of this sharp reduction in his overall physical activity, consecutive Holter monitorings showed that the sinus pauses were progressively increasing in duration (up to 9.2 seconds). With the hypothesis of a malignant vagotonia, he underwent a tilt test; however, we could not elicit any pauses or symptoms. The pauses grew longer over time; a endocavitary electrophysiologic test was performed, which showed no evidence of disease. To rule out the hypothesis of a sleep apnoea syndrome, he also underwent a polysomnography, including EEG, eye movement electromyography, arterial blood oxygen saturation and thoracic impedance: no alterations were detected with the exception of the sinus pauses, which appeared to be strictly linked to REM sleep, as suggested by the concurrent increase in rapid eye movements and desynchronized EEG. We hence made a diagnosis of sinus arrest during REM sleep (SAdRS), a very uncommon disease belonging to the parasomnias. Pauses were then quantified for one month by implanting a ECG loop recorder. As the patient became more and more upset and worried, and the pauses increased to nearly 12 seconds, we decided to implant a pacemaker, which is the only therapeutic option established in the literature for patients with SAdRS.
 ...
PMID:Prolonged asystolia in a young athlete: a case of sinus arrest during REM sleep. 1534 35

Partial sleep deprivation is clinically associated with fatigue, depressive symptoms and reduced memory. Previously, it has been demonstrated that venlafaxine, an atypical antidepressant, increases the levels of noradrenaline and serotonin in rat hippocampus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of venlafaxine on depression, anxiety, locomotor activity and memory in a model of REM sleep (REMs) deprivation in rats. We have also studied the influence of venlafaxine on monoamine levels in the striatum. Six groups of animals (N=20 each) were treated with saline or venlafaxine (1 or 10 mg/kg) during 10 days, submitted or not to REMs deprivation and studied with the forced swimming test of Porsolt (STP), plus-maze, passive avoidance and open-field tests right after sleep deprivation. Animals were also studied for passive avoidance 24 h later (rebound period). Brain samples for monoamine measurements were collected either immediately after REMs deprivation or after 24 h. Both REMs deprivation and venlafaxine showed an antidepressant effect. An anxiolytic effect was also observed after REMs deprivation. Previous treatment with venlafaxine blocked the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of REMs deprivation. REMs deprivation alone and treatment with venlafaxine 10 mg/kg increased locomotor activity, and this effect was inhibited by venlafaxine in REMs deprived rats. Both venlafaxine treatment and REMs deprivation induced weight loss. Venlafaxine treatment, but not REMs deprivation, induced an increase in striatal dopamine (DA) levels. The combination of REMs deprivation and venlafaxine treatment was associated with an increase in serotonin turnover 24 h after rebound sleep. In this study, venlafaxine treatment hindered most behavioral effects of REMs deprivation and was associated with an interference on dopamine and serotonin systems in the striatum.
 ...
PMID:The effect of venlafaxine on behaviour, body weight and striatal monoamine levels on sleep-deprived female rats. 1558 21

A long work schedule often results in sleep deprivation, sleepiness, impaired performance and fatigue. We investigated the residual effects of slow-release caffeine (SRC) on sleep, sleepiness and cognitive performance during a 42-hour recovery period following a 64-hour continuous wakefulness period in 16 healthy males, according to a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Three hundred milligrams of SRC or placebo was given twice a day at 21:00 and 9:00 during the first 48 h of wakefulness. Recovery sleep was analysed with electroencephalography (EEG) and wrist actigraphy, daytime sleepiness with continuous EEG, sleep latency tests and actigraphy and cognitive functions with computerized tests from the NATO AGARD STRES battery. Both drug groups exhibited almost the same sleep architecture with a rebound of slow-wave sleep during both recovery nights and of REM sleep during the second night. Wakefulness level and cognitive functions were similarly impaired in both groups on the first day of recovery and partially returned to baseline on the second. To conclude, SRC appears to have no unwanted side-effects on recovery sleep, wakefulness and cognitive performance after a long period of sleep deprivation and might therefore be a useful choice over other psychostimulants for a long work schedule.
 ...
PMID:Recovery after prolonged sleep deprivation: residual effects of slow-release caffeine on recovery sleep, sleepiness and cognitive functions. 1562 9

Peppermint, a stimulating odor, increases alertness while awake and therefore may inhibit sleep. This study examined peppermint's effects on polysomnographic (PSG) sleep, alertness, and mood when presented before bedtime. Twenty-one healthy sleepers (mean age +/- S.D., 20.1 +/- 2.0 years) completed three consecutive laboratory sessions (adaptation, control, and stimulus nights). Peppermint reduced fatigue and improved mood and was rated as more pleasant, intense, stimulating, and elating than water. These perceptual qualities associated with sleep measures: subjects rating peppermint as very intense had more total sleep than those rating it as moderately intense, and also showed more slow-wave sleep (SWS) in the peppermint than control session. Furthermore, subjects who found peppermint stimulating showed more NREM and less REM sleep while those rating it as sedating took longer to reach SWS. Peppermint did not affect PSG sleep, however, when these perceptual qualities were not considered. Peppermint also produced gender-differentiated responses: it increased NREM sleep in women, but not men, and alertness in men, but not women, compared with the control. Thus, psychological factors, including individual differences in odor perception play an important role in physiological sleep and self-rated mood and alertness changes.
 ...
PMID:Sleep changes vary by odor perception in young adults. 1614 43

The results of the latest studies on the effects of urban noise on mental health are presented in this paper. Numerous psychiatric symptoms have been frequently noticed in the population of the settlements with a high level of urban noise: fatigue, headaches, tension, anxiety, irritability, bad concentration, insomnia, whith a consequently high consumption of psychotropic medicines. Higher admission rates in psychiatric hospitals have been noticed from noisy areas in comparison with low noise regions. By use of diagnostic psychiatric interviews it has been shown as well, that in sensitive categories of population positive correlation can be expected between the number of persons with mental disorder and the level of environmental noise. Noise annoyance and sleep disturbance, namely shortening or absence of the sleep phase 4 and REM, are the basic negative psychological effects of noise, with an adverse effect on mental health in general.
 ...
PMID:[Effects of urban noise on mental health]. 1629 33

Sleep-related disturbed breathing and parasomnia in very young children are in the focus of epidemiological interest. The cardinal symptom, i.e. snoring, in connection with nocturnal perspiration, mouth breathing, susceptibility to infection of the upper respiratory tract and tiredness during the day or hypermotility, can be an indication of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The common treatment is adenotomy unless there is indication of allergic swelling of the nasal mucous membrane. Other anatomic predispositions for OSA must be considered (tonsillar hypertrophy, midfacial hypoplasia, micro- and retrognathia, e.g. in patients with Down's syndrome or patients with preoperated cleft lip face palate). Inhalative nasal corticoids are a possible alternative to adenotomy in light to medium grade cases of OSA. Tonsillotomy is indicated only in serious OSA cases, tonsillectomy is only justified in cases of chronic tonsillitis or more than 4-6 cases of angina in the last 12 months. Treatment with nasal CPAP is tolerated well also in childhood. Patients with central hypoventilation syndromes, insufficiency of the respiratory musculature or obesitas hypoventilation syndrome can usually be ventilated by non-invasive approach using a nasal mask. Patients suffering from parasomnia should always be asked if they snore at night because if OSA is diagnosed and treated, there are very good prospects of curing somnambulism as well. Like with narcolepsy and REM sleep, a close HLA association has also been identified for family somnambulism. In cases of parasomnia which becomes manifest only after very young age frontal lobe epilepsy should be suspected and searched by polysomnographic and simultaneous continuous nocturnal video surveillance. If reversive development or unclear motoric and utterance phenomena are observed, sleep-bound convulsive disorder should be looked for. Syncopal events can require comprehensive cardiological diagnosis, including exclusion of nightly disorders of the cardiac rhythm.
 ...
PMID:[Sleep disorders in infancy--aspects of diagnosis and somatic background]. 1649 23

There are a number of sleep studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in general including a heterogeneous population of patients. We aimed to study sleep in a population of selected ALS patients by investigating nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) characteristics in ALS patients with normal respiratory function tests and preserved diaphragmatic innervation. Ninety-two ALS patients were screened by percutaneous nocturnal oximetry (PNO). Eleven ALS patients with normal respiratory function tests, phrenic motor responses and preserved motor units on needle electromyography of the diaphragm, but abnormal PNO, were selected for PSG. REM was present in eight patients, but normal in only three. Three patients had mixed apnoea-hypopnoea, severe in one. Seven showed a pattern of periodic mild O(2) desaturation, which occurred in REM 3, REM and NREM 3 and in NREM sleep 1. One patient studied six months later had more severe changes in the second evaluation. In conclusion, the most common sleep disordered breathing was periodic mild O(2) desaturation independent of the sleep stage (REM, NREM). This might represent central drive dysfunction or respiratory muscle fatigue in ALS.
 ...
PMID:Sleep characteristics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in patients with preserved diaphragmatic function. 1745 38

The current review presents the empirical findings on varying definitions of nonrestorative sleep (NRS). Despite lacking a standard, operational definition, NRS is investigated in research studies and included in diagnostic manuals. However, because of the absence of standardization, the conclusions that can be drawn about NRS based on the current body of empirical literature are limited. A feeling of being unrefreshed upon awakening that is not accounted for by lack of sleep may occur among a substantial percentage of the population. This experience is correlated with daytime impairment, pain, fatigue, and electroencephalogram (EEG) arousals in non-REM sleep but causal links are unsubstantiated. An immediate converging of researchers toward NRS standardization is needed. We conclude that conceptualizing NRS as a primary symptom of insomnia on par with difficulty initiating sleep and difficulty maintaining sleep is empirically unsubstantiated. We recommend defining NRS as a report of persistently feeling unrefreshed upon awakening in the presence of a normal sleep duration, occurring in the absence of a sleep disorder.
 ...
PMID:Nonrestorative sleep. 1853 57

Growing evidence indicates that sleep facilitates learning and memory processing. Sleep curtailment is increasingly common in adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of short-term sleep curtailment on declarative memory consolidation in adolescents. A randomized, cross-over study design was chosen. Twenty-two healthy subjects, aged 14-16 years, spent three consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory with a bedtime of 9 h during the first night (adaptation), 4 h during the second (partial sleep curtailment) and 9 h during the third night (recovery). The control condition consisted of three consecutive nights with bedtimes of 9 h. Both experimental conditions were separated by at least 3 weeks. The acquisition phase for the declarative tests was between 16:00 and 18:00 hours before the second night. Memory performance was examined in the morning after the recovery night. Executive function, attention and concentration were also assessed to control for any possible effects of tiredness. During the 4-h night, we observed a curtailment of 50% of non-rapid eye movement (non-REM), 5% of slow wave sleep (SWS) and 70% of REM sleep compared with the control night. Partial sleep curtailment of one night did not influence declarative memory retrieval significantly. Recall in the paired-associate word list task was correlated positively with percentage of non-REM sleep in the recovery night. Declarative memory consolidation does not appear to be influenced by short-term sleep curtailment in adolescents. This may be explained by the high ability of adolescents to compensate for acute sleep loss. The correlation between non-REM sleep and declarative memory performance supports earlier findings.
 ...
PMID:No persisting effect of partial sleep curtailment on cognitive performance and declarative memory recall in adolescents. 1965 77


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>