Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The rostrocaudal organization of motoneurones of the cat's m.peroneus longus (PerL) was investigated with respect to motoneuronal size (soma diameter) as well as muscle unit contractile properties (twitch speed, fatigue resistance, maximum force). Sizes of cell bodies were measured after retrograde labelling with horseradish peroxidase. Other properties were studied by aid of electrical stimulation of rostro-caudally distinct subfilaments of ventral roots. A weak but significant tendency was found for units to become somewhat slower and more fatigue-resistant at caudal than at more rostral levels within the pool. Neurones of different sizes and unit properties were, however, very widely intermingled at all levels of the pool. Rostro-caudally distinct root filaments gave rise to differentially located electromyographic signals in the muscle. The experimental results led to the following main conclusions: a type-specific intraspinal innervation of PerL motoneurones is unlikely to be arranged predominantly on topographical principles; and the intraspinal site of PerL motoneurones is related to the intramuscular site of their muscle fibres.
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PMID:Neuronal and muscle unit properties at different rostro-caudal levels of cat's motoneurone pool. 400 46

There have been few reports of acute leukemia presenting with a hypocellular bone marrow. All patients diagnosed as having acute leukemia were identified during a recent six-year interval who had blast cells plus promyelocytes of greater than 30% and marrow cellularity of needle biopsy less than or equal to 50%. Of 195 patients analyzed, 15 (7.7%) fulfilled the criteria. Ten patients were men and five women; the median age was 68 years with a range of 40-82. Seven complained of fatigue of 6-12 months duration, five were seen with occult infection, and three were asymptomatic. Hepatosplenomegaly was absent in 93% and none had lymphadenopathy. Fourteen patients were pancytopenic with median leukocyte count at presentation of 1.5 X 10(9)/liter, hemoglobin of 9.0 g/dl, and platelet count of 55 X 10(9)/liter. Circulating blast cells were not observed in ten patients; in the other five they were less than 0.7 X 10(9)/liter. The morphology of all cases appeared myeloid and Auer rods were seen in three patients; however, in one the peroxidase was negative. Classification according to FAB criteria revealed ten to be M1, three to be M2, one M4, and one L2. Median survival of the entire group was seven months. Of seven patients receiving no chemotherapy, two survived longer than 1 year (14, 24.5 months), one is alive at 7+ months, and the median survival was seven months. Eight patients with life-threatening complications received various combination regimens including an anthracycline, cytosine arabinoside, 6-thioguanine, vincristine, and prednisone. Five died of treatment complications; two achieved durable complete remission and are free of disease at 17 and 27 months. It can be concluded that hypoplastic acute leukemia is a distinct nosologic entity affecting primarily older patients with myeloid leukemia. Remission induction therapy in patients who are seriously ill has a low success rate, and in some patients prolonged survival is possible with supportive care alone.
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PMID:Hypoplastic acute leukemia. 727 65

The specialized jumping muscle of the locust, the metathoracic extensor tibiae (ETi), is innervated by four physiologically different motoneurons, including FETi, a phasic excitor, SETi, a tonic excitor, and CI, a tonic common inhibitor. FETi neuromuscular junctions were examined in three phasic ETi bundles innervated by FETi. FETi terminals were characterized by patchy contacts on to granular sarcoplasm. The ETi accessory extensor, innervated by both SETi and CI, contains two morphologically different types of axon ending. When this muscle was soaked in horseradish peroxidase, stimulation of SETi led to selective uptake in vesicles in terminals similar to those of FETi axons but containing smaller vesicles, while stimulation by CI caused increased uptake into terminals with more extensive contact directly on to fibrillar sarcoplasm. As has been observed in excitatory and inhibitory synapses in some crustacean and vertebrate nervous systems, the synaptic vesicles in the locust excitatory endings are round and electron-lucent while those in the inhibitory endings are more irregular in shape. The tonic neuromuscular junctions, SETi and CI, are more densely packed with vesicles, larger in cross-sectional area and appear to be of more complex shape than the smaller, vesicle-sparse, phasic FETi terminals. Following long duration stimulation at 10 Hz, the tonic neuromuscular junctions showed little morphological change. FETi endings, which fatigue within minutes at the same stimulation frequency, showed a 20% decrease in synaptic vesicle density and an increase in irregularly shaped membrane inclusions.
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PMID:Ultrastructure of identified fast excitatory, slow excitatory and inhibitory neuromuscular junctions in the locust. 731 Apr 57

A 30-year-old female was admitted to our hospital complaining of high fever and fatigue. Laboratory findings showed as follows; WBC 41,500/microliter (40% of blasts), Hb 8.5g/dl, platelets 4.4 x 10(4)/microliter. Cytochemical staining of blasts was positive for peroxidase and non-specific esterase with NaF inhibition. Chromosome analysis showed 46, XX, inv (16p+,q-). AML with eosinophilia was diagnosed. During myelosuppression after remission induction therapy, she developed high fever, and did not respond to transfusions. Marrow smears showed the presence of phagocytic histiocytes consisting of 18% total nuclear cells. A diagnosis of reactive histiocytosis (RH) was made. She recovered spontaneously, but suffered two episode of recurrence during subsequent chemotherapy. Reactive histiocytosis is characterized by proliferation of histiocytes which phagocyte blood cells in immunodeficient cases, e.g. a myelosuppressive state after chemotherapy. RH causes high fever and prolonged myelosuppression. It is considered to be one of the poor prognostic factors in AML during chemotherapy, and spontaneous recovery is rare. In this report, the effect of hydrocortisone on histiocytes derived from patient marrow was also investigated in vitro.
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PMID:[A case with AML (M4EO) accompanied by recurrent reactive histiocytosis which showed spontaneous remission]. 802 88

The exposure of amphibian muscle to osmotic shock through the introduction and subsequent withdrawal of extracellular glycerol causes 'vacuolation' in the transverse tubules. Such manoeuvres can also electrically isolate the transverse tubules from the surface ('detubulation'), particular if followed by exposures to high extracellular [Ca2+] and/or gradual cooling. This study explored factors influencing vacuolation in Rana temporaria sartorius muscle. Vacuole formation was detected using phase contrast microscopy and through the trapping or otherwise of lissamine rhodamine dye fluorescence within such vacuoles. The preparations were also examined using electron microscopy, for penetration into the transverse tubules and tubular vacuoles of extracellular horseradish peroxidase introduced following the osmotic procedures. These comparisons distinguished for he first time two types of vacuole, 'open' and 'closed', whose lumina were respectively continuous with or detached from the remaining extracellular space. The vacuoles formed closed to and between the Z-lines, but subsequently elongated along the longitudinal axis of the muscle fibres. This suggested an involvement of tubular membrane material; the latter appeared particularly concentrated around such Z-lines in the electron-micrograph stereopairs of thick longitudinal sections. 'Open' vacuoles formed following osmotic shock produced by extracellular glycerol withdrawal from a glycerol-loaded fibre at a stage when one would expect a net water entry to the intracellular space. This suggests that vacuole formation requires active fluid transport into the tubular lumina in response to fibre swelling. 'Closed' vacuoles only formed when the muscle was subsequently exposed to high extracellular [Ca/+] and/or gradual cooling following the initial osmotic shock. Their densities were similar to those shown by 'open' vacuoles in preparations not so treated, suggesting that both vacuole types resulted from a single process initiated by glycerol withdrawal. However, vacuole 'closure' took place well after formation of 'open' vacuoles, over 25 min after glycerol withdrawal. Its time course closely paralleled the development of detubulation reported recently. It was irreversible, in contrast to the reversibility of 'open' vacuole formation. These findings identify electrophysiological 'detubulation' of striated muscle with 'closure' of initially 'open' vacuoles. The reversible formation of open vacuoles is compatible with some normal membrane responses to some physiological stresses such as fatigue, whereas irreversible formation of closed vacuoles might only be expected in pathological situations as in dystrophic muscle.
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PMID:The tubular vacuolation process in amphibian skeletal muscle. 974 46

Postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) occurs in 5%-9% of unselected postpartum women; hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism develop, the latter being permanent, in up to 25 %-30% of women. PPT is strongly associated with antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies, but 50% of anti-TPO positive women do not develop thyroid dysfunction. Symptom analysis has shown that lack of energy and irritability were the most frequent hyperthyroid symptoms whereas lack of energy, aches and pains, poor memory, dry skin, and cold intolerance were the significant hypothyroid features. Some of these symptoms were more frequently observed than in antibody-negative controls even when these patients were euthyroid and in anti-TPOAb positive women who did not develop PPT at all. The diagnosis of PPT is based on the observation of abnormal thyroid function tests in a postpartum anti-TPOAb-positive woman: transient hyperthyroidism occurs at 14 weeks and hypothyroidism at 19 weeks postpartum. Diffuse or multifocal hypoechogenicity of the thyroid is seen on echography and a thyroid destructive process is evidenced by an increase in serum thyroglobulin and urinary iodine excretion. In addition to the 25%-30% of women who develop permanent hypothyroidism at 3 years, recent data indicate that 50% of women who have developed PPT will be hypothyroid 7-9 years later. The long-term risk is only 5% for those anti-TPOAb positive women not developing thyroid dysfunction postpartum. The risk of recurrent PPT is 70% if previous PPT was experienced and 25% if the patient was euthyroid after the first pregnancy.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations of postpartum thyroid disease. 1044 15

A 27-year-old pregnant woman was admitted to a local hospital because of headache, nausea, and general fatigue. Her blood examination showed leukocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. She was referred to our hospital in March 1998. Her bone marrow was normocellular with an excess of blasts (89.1%, peroxidase stain(-), PAS stain(-)) that displayed a positive immunophenotype for CD2, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD34, CD38, and CD71. Chromosome analysis revealed complex abnormal karyotypes. The patient was given a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with central nervous system and breast infiltration, and received induction chemotherapy during the second trimester of her pregnancy. After she achieved complete remission, a cesarean section was performed, and a healthy baby delivered. Our experience in this case demonstrated that combination chemotherapy during the second trimester of pregnancy is feasible.
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PMID:[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with breast infiltration during the second trimester of pregnancy and followed by successful delivery]. 1049 40

We report a 68-year old male who was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of fatigue. Laboratory examinations revealed: 1) macrocytic anemia; 2) leukopenia; 3) reticulocytosis; 4) reduction in serum folate level; and 5) erythroid hyperplasia in bone marrow. One year later, the patient was admitted again to our hospital. At that time, laboratory data showed: 1) leukocytosis; 2) appearance of blast cells in peripheral blood; 3) normocytic anemia; 4) thrombocytopenia; and 5) predominant proliferation of blast cell(91%) in bone marrow. Blasts showed prominent nucleoli, markedly basophilic cytoplasma with vacuolation and some blebs on cell surface. The cells were negative for peroxidase stain but positive for PAS stain. We describe the evaluation of hematological laboratory data and the diagnosis in this patient.
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PMID:[Presentation of a case of hematological malignancy in reversed C.P.C]. 1139 29

Chicken extract has been consumed in oriental countries for centuries for improving body conditions such as recovery from fatigue. It is a rich source of antioxidant dipeptides. The in vivo antioxidative abilities were evaluated. Diets mixed with 4 different amounts of chicken extract were investigated for in vivo antioxidation ability using healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), iron content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathion peroxidase (GPx) activity and uric acid content were determined. In healthy rats, most of the indexes were not affected by intake of chicken extract significantly. However, plasma TBARS in the chicken extract-fed groups increased at the end of the experiment, which could be due to some pro-oxidative minerals in the extract. In conclusion, we found no significant or minor changes on the activities of antioxidative enzymes, antioxidant conditions, or lipid oxidation in healthy rats from consuming chicken extract, which may be the result of a balanced body condition. However, because of its high content of dipeptides, we suggest that it should have liver protecting effects if oxidative stresses are introduced.
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PMID:Effects of chicken extract on plasma antioxidative status and lipid oxidation in healthy rats. 1575 91

Muscular exercise results in an increased production of free radicals and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, developing evidence implicates cytotoxins as an underlying etiology of exercise-induced stimuli in muscle redox status, which could result in muscle fatigue and/or injury. Two major classes of endogenous protective mechanisms (enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants) work together to reduce the harmful effects of oxidants in the cell. This study examined the effects of acute physical exercise on the enzymatic antioxidant systems of different athletes and comparison was made to the mechanism of action of three main antioxidant enzymes in the blood. Handball players (n = 6), water-polo players (n = 20), hockey players (n = 22), basketball players (n = 24), and a sedentary control group (n = 10 female and n = 9 male) served as the subjects of this study. The athletes were divided into two groups according to the observed changes of activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme. The antioxidant enzyme systems were characterized by catalase (CAT), glutathione-peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and measured by spectrophotometry. An important finding in the present investigation is that when the activities of SOD increased, the activities of GPX and CAT increased also and this finding related to the physical status of interval-trained athletes. Positive correlation between SOD and GPX activities was observed (r = 0.38 females, r = 0.56 males; p < 0.05). We have observed that the changes in the primary antioxidant enzyme systems of athletes are sport specific, and different from control subjects. Presumably, with interval-trained athletes, hydrogen-peroxide is significantly eliminated by glutathione-peroxidase. From these results it can be concluded that the blood redox status should be taken into consideration when establishing a fitness level for individual athletes.
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PMID:Antioxidant status of interval-trained athletes in various sports. 1647 56


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