Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two groups of patients with folic acid responsive neurological and psychiatric disorders are reported. The first group (7 patients) had well-established acquired folate deficiency due either to defective absorption (4 cases with atrophy of jejunal mucosa) or to a deficient diet (3 cases). One patient had a subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord while others were depressed and had weight loss, permanent muscular and intellectual fatigue, restless legs syndrome, depressed ankle jerks, diminution of the sense of vibration in the knees and a stocking-type tactile hypoesthesia. The second group (9 patients) comprised idiopathic cases of folic acid deficiency. Their main subjective complaints were chronic fatigability and familial restless legs syndrome. The neurological findings were similar to those of the patients with acquired disorders. Neuropsychological testing procedures revealed an abnormal intellectual functioning in all 16 patients. Abnormal patterns of radionuclide cisternograms and computerized transaxial tomography (CTT) were found in 11 patients. After 6-12 months of folic acid therapy a striking improvement regarding their intellectual functioning was noticed: the IQ, Kohs Block Design and Category tests were significantly improved. The correlation of neuropsychological findings with CTT and radionuclide cisternograms led to the conclusion that chronic folate deficiency could induce cerebral atrophy.
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PMID:Folate-responsive neurological and mental disorders: report of 16 cases. Neuropsychological correlates of computerized transaxial tomography and radionuclide cisternography in folic acid deficiencies. 61 14

Persons who suffered poliomyelitis 3 or more decades ago now report functional decline and symptoms designated as "post-polio syndrome". The objects of this investigation were to identify subjects fulfilling the criteria of this syndrome, to describe their motor impairment and resulting disabilities/handicaps, to study the adaptive changes in the muscle structure and effects of a resistance exercise program. Forty-one late-polio subjects, 40-65 years old, volunteered for the studies of motor impairment, subgroups of those volunteered to further studies of long-term and short-term adaptations. Seventy-five per cent of the subjects met the criteria for the post-polio syndrome. Complete manual muscle tests and dynamometer measurements of knee muscle strength revealed severe motor impairment predominantly in the lower extremities, the strength of the latter correlating to the degree of mobility handicap. In biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle, type grouping was frequent. Half of the subjects demonstrated over 70% occurrence of type I fibers with negative significant correlation to strength in the female subjects. Cross-section areas of muscle fibers were on average twice the normal, with negative significant correlation to strength values in male subjects. Muscle enzymatic activity values showed large individual variations; oxidative activities (citrate synthase) were low or very low, while average glycolytic activities were nearly normal. Macro EMG and single-fiber EMG measurements in the vastus lateralis muscle demonstrated large macro motor unit potentials and increased fiber density. Neuromuscular transmission was disturbed as identified by jitter and blockings in most subjects regardless of the occurrence of new muscular symptoms. A statistically significant increase in strength (25-30%) resulted from a 6 weeks' heavy resistance exercise program, utilizing a dynamometer, without any obvious side-effects. Strength improvement was maintained for 6-12 months after training while fatigue index increased. A substantial impact on intermediate (secondary or instrumental) ADL, most severely affecting the quality of mobility, was generally found, while little effect was found on primary ADL as revealed by the Katz' ADL index, the Functional Status Questionnaire and the WHO ICIDH Classification of Handicap. The impaired motor function confirms findings in earlier studies. It also corresponds with the locomotor disabilities and handicaps. The negative correlation of strength to cross-section fiber area might result from excessive use of remaining fibers leading to a prominent hypertrophy in the weakest subjects. Enzyme activities probably reflect the pattern of everyday activities with little demands on endurance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Muscle adaptation and disability in late poliomyelitis. 183 29

In 1981 and 1982, two US citizens died from Japanese encephalitis (JE) acquired in China. In 1983, the Centers for Disease Control initiated an evaluation of a purified, inactivated, mouse-brain-derived JE vaccine produced and used in Japan since 1966. Two doses of this vaccine given 1-2 weeks apart evoked neutralizing antibody titers greater than or equal to 8 in only 77% of recipients. After three JE vaccine doses administered 1-2 weeks apart, 99% developed titers greater than or equal to 8. When a third dose was given to 29 participants 6-12 months after the primary series, all developed titers greater than or equal to 16. Reported adverse reactions included injection site tenderness (18%), erythema (6%), or swelling (3%); headache (9%); and dizziness, fatigue, sleepiness, nausea, chills, fever, or lower back pain (less than or equal to 5%). On the basis of this study, three doses of BIKEN JE vaccine are recommended for US citizens who may be at risk of exposure to JE virus.
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PMID:Evaluation of the potency and safety of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine in US inhabitants. 232 39

The effect of short-term (1 day-1 week) and long-term (6-12 weeks) femoral artery ligation on the oxygen tension (pO2), blood flow, metabolism and function of rat gastrocnemius muscle has been examined. Femoral artery ligation reduced resting blood flow, pO2 and pH. Concomitantly, the concentration of high energy phosphates was reduced and the muscle lactate concentration increased. The fatigue developed by the gastrocnemius/plantaris muscle, during a 10 min period of isometric exercise, was increased and the associated hyperaemia was attenuated. The surgery, performed to ligate the artery, induced an increase in the plasma fibrinogen concentration and whole blood viscosity. As the time interval increased after the femoral artery ligation there was a progressive reduction of the magnitude of the effects. Ten weeks after ligation resting muscle concentrations of high energy phosphates and lactate, whole blood viscosity and muscle pH had normalized. However, resting muscle blood flow, pO2, ability to sustained isometric exercise and the exercise induced hyperaemia were still reduced compared to intact animals. Comparison with literature data reveals that the changes produced by chronic femoral artery ligation in rat calf muscle mimic those seen in man with intermittent claudication.
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PMID:The effect of short-term and long-term femoral artery ligation on rat calf muscle oxygen tension, blood flow, metabolism and function. 335 Jun 22

The content of serum albumin in rabbit blood was found to be lowered within the first day after reproduction of experimental myocardial infarction. The rate and the level of translation of endogenous mRNA were studied in cell-free systems from normal rabbit liver and 6-12-24 h after experimental myocardial infarction. The decrease of the total protein synthesis in the crude cell-free system from the liver of experimental animals was shown to depend on the lack of energy supply rather than on the reduced activity of the protein-synthesizing apparatus. The relative drop of protein synthesis in the cell-free system with saturating concentration of ATP, GTP and creatine phosphate is likely to be connected with a decrease in the proportion of membrane-bound polysomes.
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PMID:[Protein-synthesizing function of the liver of rabbits in experimental myocardial infarct]. 396 73

Effects of spinal cord transection in 2-wk-old cats on the metabolic, histochemical, and fatigue properties of a fast- and a slow-twitch muscle were determined. Chronic (6-12 mo) spinalization (Sp) resulted in an increased ratio of fast-twitch, oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) to slow-twitch, oxidative (SO) fibers in soleus (SOL). In medial gastrocnemius (MG), Sp produced a histochemical profile suggesting that fast fibers were increased at the expense of slow fibers. Changes in biochemical markers for oxidative (citrate synthase) and glycolytic (GPD) potential were consistent with the histochemical findings. The fatigue index of Sp MG and SOL remained normal and was consistent with the type and degree of fiber type change. Daily treadmill exercise did not markedly alter any of the adaptations. The metabolic and fatigue properties of skeletal muscle of Sp cats are consistent with the view that as some fibers develop "faster-like" characteristics, the oxidative and the glycolytic potential is also enhanced. As was true of the contractile properties and related biochemical data, the changes observed suggest that significant changes occurred within as well as across fiber types. These data, in conjunction with that of chronic EMG recordings, provide evidence that there is a relative independence of both the oxidative potential and the fatigability of a muscle relative to its quantity of activation.
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PMID:Relative independence of metabolic enzymes and neuromuscular activity. 673 19

There have been few reports of acute leukemia presenting with a hypocellular bone marrow. All patients diagnosed as having acute leukemia were identified during a recent six-year interval who had blast cells plus promyelocytes of greater than 30% and marrow cellularity of needle biopsy less than or equal to 50%. Of 195 patients analyzed, 15 (7.7%) fulfilled the criteria. Ten patients were men and five women; the median age was 68 years with a range of 40-82. Seven complained of fatigue of 6-12 months duration, five were seen with occult infection, and three were asymptomatic. Hepatosplenomegaly was absent in 93% and none had lymphadenopathy. Fourteen patients were pancytopenic with median leukocyte count at presentation of 1.5 X 10(9)/liter, hemoglobin of 9.0 g/dl, and platelet count of 55 X 10(9)/liter. Circulating blast cells were not observed in ten patients; in the other five they were less than 0.7 X 10(9)/liter. The morphology of all cases appeared myeloid and Auer rods were seen in three patients; however, in one the peroxidase was negative. Classification according to FAB criteria revealed ten to be M1, three to be M2, one M4, and one L2. Median survival of the entire group was seven months. Of seven patients receiving no chemotherapy, two survived longer than 1 year (14, 24.5 months), one is alive at 7+ months, and the median survival was seven months. Eight patients with life-threatening complications received various combination regimens including an anthracycline, cytosine arabinoside, 6-thioguanine, vincristine, and prednisone. Five died of treatment complications; two achieved durable complete remission and are free of disease at 17 and 27 months. It can be concluded that hypoplastic acute leukemia is a distinct nosologic entity affecting primarily older patients with myeloid leukemia. Remission induction therapy in patients who are seriously ill has a low success rate, and in some patients prolonged survival is possible with supportive care alone.
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PMID:Hypoplastic acute leukemia. 727 65

Therapy with ribavirin for 6-12 months is associated with decreases in serum aminotransferases in some patients with chronic hepatitis C. We have assessed the practicality and safety of prolonged therapy with ribavirin. Six patients with chronic hepatitis C were given 1000-1200 mg of ribavirin daily for 24 months. Serum aminotransferases and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels were monitored during and after therapy. Liver biopsies were carried out before and at the end of treatment. With therapy, mean serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels fell from 161 U/L to 45 U/L at 12 months and to 39 U/L at 24 months. HCV RNA levels did not change. Liver histology improved in five and was unchanged in one patient. When therapy was stopped, aminotransferases rose to pretreatment levels. Side effects included mild fatigue and headaches. Two patients developed gallstones during therapy, perhaps caused by the chronic haemolysis that occurred in all patients. In conclusion, prolonged therapy with ribavirin can result in sustained improvements in serum aminotransferases and hepatic histology in a proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Ribavirin therapy does not cause decreases in viraemia and, therefore, probably must be continued indefinitely to provide lasting benefit. The advantages of such therapy must be weighed against possible long-term side-effects.
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PMID:Prolonged therapy of chronic hepatitis C with ribavirin. 891 4

The overtraining syndrome affects mainly endurance athletes. It is a condition of chronic fatigue, underperformance, and an increased vulnerability to infection leading to recurrent infections. It is not yet known exactly how the stress of hard training and competition leads to the observed spectrum of symptoms. Psychological, endocrinogical, physiological, and immunological factors all play a role in the failure to recover from exercise. Careful monitoring of athletes and their response to training may help to prevent the overtraining syndrome. With a very careful exercise regimen and regeneration strategies, symptoms normally resolve in 6-12 weeks but may continue much longer or recur if athletes return to hard training too soon.
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PMID:Fatigue and underperformance in athletes: the overtraining syndrome. 963 Dec 15

Since the mid-1980s resistance training has become an accepted part of the exercise rehabilitation process for patients eligible for traditional cardiac rehabilitation programs. A growing number of studies have demonstrated the safety of resistance training in Phase III/IV programs (Phase III--community based, beginning 6-12 wk posthospital discharge; a typical patient would be clinically stable with a functional capacity of > or = 5 METs; Phase IV--long-term maintenance) and more recently in Phase II (beginning within 3 wk posthospital discharge and lasting up to 3 months). Evidence is consistent that this form of training provokes fewer signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia than aerobic testing and training, perhaps because of a lower heart rate (HR) and higher diastolic pressure combining to produce improved coronary artery filling. The major role of resistance training in heart disease patients is to promote increased dynamic muscle strength. Increases in muscular strength have been associated with increased peak exercise performance, improved submaximal endurance, and reduced ratings of perceived leg effort. Two studies show that resistance training may result in improved self-efficacy for strength and exercise tasks and improved quality of life parameters such as total mood disturbance, depression/dejection, fatigue/inertia, and emotional health domain scores. The data on risk factor modification are somewhat equivocal. Studies on blood lipid profiles have mostly been contaminated by confounders, and the effects on blood pressure (BP) are inconsistent. There are encouraging reports that resistance training may increase glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, independent of changes in body fat or aerobic capacity. Future studies are needed in patients with congestive heart failure and orthotopic heart transplantation; muscle weakness is common in these groups and makes them excellent candidates to benefit from this form of exercise.
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PMID:Role of resistance training in heart disease. 978 66


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