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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six thoroughbred horses exercised on a motorised treadmill on two separate occasions at a speed of 11 or 12 m.s-1 for up to 2 min. 4 h prior to exercise each horse was given a 21 test solution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3; 0.6 g.kg-1 body mass) or a control solution of water by nasogastric intubation, the order of administration of the two solutions was randomised. Blood samples (n = 15) were obtained before and during the 4 h after intubation, during exercise and for 30 min after exercise. NaHCO3 ingestion resulted in changes in pre-exercise acid-base status. The changes in blood lactate and base excess with exercise were greater after NaHCO3 administration; after 1 min of exercise in the case of lactate (P less than 0.05) and immediately after exercise in the case of base excess (P less than 0.05). Plasma ammonia levels were lower during (P less than 0.05) and immediately after (P less than 0.05) exercise following NaHCO3 ingestion. The peak change in plasma ammonia with exercise was also lower after NaHCO3 ingestion (P less than 0.05). Following exercise after NaHCO3 ingestion, five horses demonstrated lower muscle adenosine 5-triphosphate loss (P less than 0.05) and inosine 5-monophosphate formation (P = 0.05) and higher glycerol 3-phosphate formation (P less than 0.05). There is evidence to suggest that metabolic alkalosis may delay the onset of fatigue by decreasing the extent of adenine nucleotide loss during high-intensity exercise.
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PMID:The influence of metabolic alkalosis upon exercise metabolism in the thoroughbred horse. 174 3

Recent reports have advocated the use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) suture for replacement or reinforcement of ruptured or elongated mitral valve chordae tendineae. The mechanical properties of PTFE (Gore-Tex) and other sutures were determined and compared to those of porcine mitral valve chordae. The results were analyzed to assess how closely chordal mechanical function may be simulated by synthetic suture materials. Chordae tendineae and suture samples were tested in uniaxial tension using an INSTRON Model 1000 at strain rates of 5 and 10 mm/min. The stress (g/mm2) was plotted versus strain, and the elastic modulus determined as the slope of the curve. Chordae tendineae exhibited a nonlinear viscoelastic stress/strain behavior. The elastic modulus of both suture types tested was significantly higher than that of the chordae. However, the PTFE suture did exhibit some viscoelastic characteristics (hysteresis and creep) that begin to approach the chordal behavior. Chordal viscoelastic behavior results from the inherent composite structure (collagen, elastin, endothelium, water, and ground substance). As yet, no synthetic materials are able to imitate this behavior with the appropriate tensile strength and fatigue resistant characteristics. At present, PTFE appears to be the best synthetic alternative for chordal replacement, due to its limited viscoelastic capabilities. Nevertheless, the need to more nearly approximate the mechanical behavior of mitral valve chordae tendineae with synthetic material warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Comparison of viscoelastic properties of suture versus porcine mitral valve chordae tendineae. 181 76

Tensile fatigue limits and ultimate tensile strengths of some prosthodontic adhesive systems were determined. Ni-Cr-Be cylinders were: electro-etched, chemically etched, and sand-blasted prior to being bonded end-to-end with BIS-GMA and 4-META adhesives. Bonded specimens were stored in distilled de-ionized water for three days prior to being tested. Fifteen paired specimens per group were subjected to a cyclic tensile load for 1000 cycles. Tensile fatigue limits were determined by the staircase method. Five specimens per group were tested for ultimate tensile strength. In addition, those specimens which survived the 1000 cycles during fatigue testing were also tested for ultimate tensile strength. Statistical evaluations to compare tensile fatigue limits and ultimate tensile strengths for fatigued and non-fatigued specimens were then performed. The results indicated that the tensile fatigue limit and the ratio of fatigue limit to ultimate tensile strength of the sand-blasted, 4-META adhesive system were significantly lower than those of the other systems tested. The application of a cyclic load significantly decreased the ultimate tensile bond strength of the 4-META adhesive. Application of a cyclic load had no significant effect on the ultimate tensile bond strengths of the BIS-GMA systems tested.
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PMID:Tensile fatigue limits of prosthodontic adhesives. 182 69

A two-month field experiment was carried out on a sample of 95 women spinners and weavers in a textile plant. In the experimental group, which consisted of 54 workers, a programme of four preventive health measures was applied. The workers were asked to wear a combination of ear-muffs and cotton-wool offering optimal hearing protection and to take up individual mini programmes of physical exercise at work; they were offered a meal of the Pliva dietetic preparation Vitamalt before work and Donat-Mg natural mineral water from Zdravilisce Rogaska Slatina as a magnesium supplement. The measures from the programme were accepted and respected by 85-94% of the workers. As a result, fatigue at work was significantly reduced, and the subjectively estimated work satisfaction was markedly improved. A statistically insignificant trend towards the rise of productivity was also noticed during the period of programme application.
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PMID:[The effect of a preventive health care program in a textile plant]. 185 62

Old virgin female NMRI mice aged 17 months were compared with mice aged 3 months for their spatial learning abilities in two versions of the Morris water maze. The first one was a simplified version with a salient configuration of cues comparable to a black/white discrimination and the second one was the classical version of the Morris test with many distal cues surrounding the maze. In the simplified version, old mice presented a slower rate of acquisition and a transient poorer retention compared to young mice. However, old mice achieved a final level of performance statistically comparable to their young counterparts as assessed by latencies to escape onto the concealed platform and by the spatial bias measured in probe trials at intervals during testing. When subsequently subjected to classical Morris maze learning, the same old animals showed marked learning deficits and were persistently impaired in their latencies to escape onto the platform. They presented no spatial bias for the location of the platform in the different probe trials. When the goal was cued at the end of the experiment, the performances of old mice rapidly improved, showing that motivation, motor disabilities, or fatigue and ability to use proximal cues cannot explain the place learning deficit. Our results were discussed in terms of cognitive versus sensory/perceptual disabilities in aged rats and mice.
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PMID:Simplifying environmental cues in a Morris-type water maze improves place learning in old NMRI mice. 186 29

There are three kinds of plants, Morinda officinalis (1), Damnacanthus officinarum (2), and Schisandra propinqua (3) whose roots have been used since the ancient time. In this paper, some of their pharmacological actions that are related to tonifying and invigorating Yang were examined and compared. The body weight, the thymus weight, the amount of leukocyte in the blood, and the continuing swimming times of the young mice could be increased with the oral administration of the water extractions of (1) and (2) (P less than 0.05-0.001). The Rt of M-receptor in the brains of the hypothyroidism mice were decreased after administration of the water extracts of (1) and (2) (P less than 0.05). (1) could also increased the amount of leukocyte in the blood of leukocytopenia mice caused by radiation of gamma-ray (P less than 0.01). (3) has not shown the obvious effects (P greater than 0.05). The results indicate that (1) and (2) have the ability of anti-fatigue, improving the immunological action of the young mice, and reducing the excitability of the para-sympathetic nervous system of the hypothyroidism mice through decreasing the Rt of M-receptor in their brains. All of them did not show acute toxicity, inducing mutation, and sexual hormone like actions.
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PMID:[Comparison with the pharmacological actions of Morinda officinalis, Damnacanthus officinarum and Schisandra propinqua]. 191 38

The effects of aging on the in situ buffering capacity of fast-twitch muscle fibers was examined in the tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of specific pathogen free Fischer 344 rats. Muscles were electrically stimulated with trains of impulses lasting 100 ms at a frequency of 80 Hz. Trains were delivered at a rate of 1 Hz for 1 min with the hindlimb circulation occluded. Muscle hydrogen ion (H+) release during stimulation was estimated from the accumulation of metabolites. The free [H+] was measured using an homogenate technique. Muscle buffering capacity (Slykes) was estimated as delta mmol H+/l muscle water/delta pH unit. Muscle pH was unaffected by age both at rest and following stimulation in the TA and EDL. H+ release and buffering capacity were significantly reduced in aged TA muscle but unaffected by age in the EDL. Reduced buffering through metabolic processes accounted for only a small portion of the lower buffering capacity in aged TA. Most of the decrease in buffering capacity appeared to be due to reduced protein buffering. Therefore, aged TA muscle was less able to buffer a given H+ load when compared to adult controls. A more rapid accumulation of H+ during intense stimulation may lead to a earlier onset of fatigue in the aged muscle. It is not clear why the EDL buffering capacity was unaffected by age when the fiber mass profiles of the EDL and TA muscles appear similar (approximately 80% fast glycolytic fibers). It is possible that alterations in activity patterns with aging could have differential effects on the two muscles. Detailed activity pattern and fiber mass analyses are required in adult and aged EDL and TA muscles of Fischer 344 rats to answer this question.
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PMID:Effect of aging on the buffering capacity of fast-twitch skeletal muscle. 192 15

In June 1983, an outbreak of waterborne giardiasis occurred in a group of 93 university students and faculty participating in a geology field course in Colorado. All cases occurred in one subgroup of persons who were heavily exposed to untreated stream water on a field trip, and the risk of illness was strongly related to the amount of untreated stream water consumed. The median incubation period from a brief exposure to the first symptom was 7 days. The authors compared symptoms and stool sample results among 31 Giardia-positive persons in the exposed group and 36 Giardia-negative participants in an unexposed group to assess several case definitions for acute giardiasis. Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, flatulence, foul-smelling stools, nausea, excessive tiredness, bloating, anorexia, and chills were each significantly more common in the first group than in the second. A giardiasis case definition of 5 days or more of diarrhea--the definition used in many epidemiologic studies of giardiasis--had a specificity of 100 percent but a sensitivity of only 32.2 percent compared with a definition based on results of stool examinations. When a case was defined as an illness lasting 7 days or more, with a combination of two or more of six symptoms (diarrhea, flatulence, foul-smelling stools, nausea, abdominal cramps, and excessive tiredness), sensitivity rose to 73 percent, with a specificity of 88 percent. Such a case definition may be an improvement over that of 5 days of diarrhea, especially in outbreaks where there is good laboratory documentation that Giardia is the etiologic agent. The definition should be validated in other outbreaks and in situations where giardiasis must be distinguished from gastrointestinal disease caused by other agents.
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PMID:Acute giardiasis: an improved clinical case definition for epidemiologic studies. 199 3

The modulus of rupture or flexural strength of dental composites aged in distilled water and saline solution or cyclic-fatigued to fracture in distilled water was analyzed by use of Weibull statistics. Two- and three-parameter Weibull models were applied to the data. For the case of the dental composites aged for five distinct time periods, the most appropriate model was a two-parameter Weibull model for each separate aging time. For the cyclic-fatigue data, a three-parameter accelerated failure time model with a Weibull baseline distribution and scale parameter, depending on the variable cycle, was appropriate.
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PMID:Weibull models for the statistical analysis of dental composite data: aged in physiologic media and cyclic-fatigued. 201 96

Within the framework of an open, multicenter study of 16 physicians treated 206 hypertensive patients with a daily dose of 2 x 30 mg to 2 x 90 mg of urapidil over a period of 3 years. Data are available on 182 patients for the entire study period. 24 patients discontinued the study due to adverse effects (n = 2), an inadequate effect (n = 2), or for reasons unrelated to therapy (n = 20); 58 (28.2%) patients had complaints. The most frequently reported symptoms were nausea, dizziness, drowsiness and fatigue. No relevant changes in laboratory values were observed. Average body weight remained constant and there were no signs of sodium or water retention. In the first year systolic blood pressure was reduced by 25 mm Hg from 174 +/- 13 mm Hg to 149 +/- 10 mm Hg (mean value +/- SD), and diastolic pressure by 17 mm Hg from 103 +/- 6 mm Hg to 86 +/- 6 mm Hg. At the same average dose this drop in BP persisted in the second year (150 +/- 12/86 +/- 7 mm Hg) and the third year (146 +/- 10/85 +/- 7 mm Hg), indicating that there was no decrease in urapidil effect. The pulse rate fell from 77 +/- 8 beats/minute to 74 +/- 6 beats/minute and remained virtually constant over the next 2 years.
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PMID:[Long-term antihypertensive therapy with urapidil. A 3-year open, multicenter trial of tolerance, safety and effectiveness]. 211 78


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