Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gamisipjundaebo-tang (GSDBT) has been used for the purpose of development of physical strength. In the present study, we investigated the immune enhancing effect induced by GSDBT. We investigated the anti-immobility effect of GSDBT via a forced-swimming test and blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, lactic dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and total protein. GSDBT (0.1 and 1 g/kg) was orally administered to mice for 14 days. After 7 and 14 days, as assessed through a forced-swimming test, immobility time was decreased in the GSDBT-administrated group (0.1 and 1 g/kg) in comparison with the control group. In addition, after 8 days, the contents of glucose and lactate dehydrogenase in the blood serum were increased, and contents of blood urea nitrogen were decreased in the GSDBT-administrated group. After 15 days, the contents of glucose were increased, and the contents of lactate dehydrogenase and blood urea nitrogen were decreased in the GSDBT-administrated group. However, it had no effect on the elevation of creatine kinase and total protein level. We also investigated the effect of GSDBT on the production of cytokines in human T-cell line, MOLT-4 cells, and splenocytes. GSDBT significantly increased interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 levels compared with the media control but did not affect IL-4. GSDBT increased the protein expression of IFN-gamma in MOLT-4 cells. These results suggest that GSDBT may be useful in immune function improvement and may also have antifatigue properties.
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PMID:Decrease of immobility behavior in forced-swimming test and immune system enhancing effect of traditional medicine Gamisipjundaebo-tang. 1550

Physical inactivity is associated with alteration of normal physiologic processes leading to muscle atrophy, reduced exercise capacity, insulin resistance, and altered energy balance. Bed rest studies in human beings using stable isotopes of amino acids indicate that muscle unloading decreases the turnover rates of muscle and whole-body proteins, with a prevailing inhibition of protein synthesis. In the fasting state, muscle and whole-body nitrogen loss was not accelerated during bed rest. In experimental postprandial states, the amino acid-mediated stimulation of protein synthesis was impaired, whereas the ability of combined insulin and glucose infusion to decrease whole-body proteolysis was not affected by muscle inactivity. Thus, an impaired ability of protein/amino acid feeding to stimulate body protein synthesis is the major catabolic mechanism for the effect of bed rest on protein metabolism. This suggests that a protein intake level greater than normal could be required to achieve the same postprandial anabolic effect during muscle inactivity. Metabolic adaptation to muscle inactivity also involves development of resistance to the glucoregulatory action of insulin, decreased energy requirements, and increased insulin and leptin secretion. These alterations may lead to the development of the metabolic syndrome that is defined as the association of hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and abdominal obesity. This cluster of metabolic abnormalities is a risk factor for coronary artery disease and stroke. Evidence indicates that exercise training programs may counteract all of these abnormalities both in healthy sedentary subjects and in patients affected by a variety of chronic disease states.
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PMID:Metabolic consequences of physical inactivity. 1564 7

The development of accurate theoretical failure, fatigue, and wear models for ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is an important step towards better understanding the micromechanisms of the surface damage that occur in load bearing orthopaedic components and improving the lifetime of joint arthoplasties. Previous attempts to analytically predict the clinically observed damage, wear, and fatigue failure modes have met with limited success due to the complicated interaction between microstructural deformations and continuum level stresses. In this work, we examined monotonic uniaxial and multiaxial loading to failure of UHMWPE using eight failure criteria (maximum principal stress, Mises stress, Tresca stress, hydrostatic stress, Coulomb stress, maximum principal strain, Mises strain, and chain stretch). The quality of the predictions of the different models was assessed by comparing uniaxial tension and small punch test data at different rates with the failure model predictions. The experimental data were obtained for two conventional (unirradiated and gamma radiation sterilized in nitrogen) and two highly crosslinked (150kGy, remelted and annealed) UHMWPE materials. Of the different failures models examined, the chain stretch failure model was found to capture uniaxial and multiaxial failure data most accurately for all of the UHMWPE materials. In addition, the chain stretch failure criterion can readily be calculated for contemporary UHMWPE materials based on available uniaxial tension data. These results lay the foundation for future developments of damage and wear models capable of predicting multiaxial failure under cyclic loading conditions.
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PMID:Molecular chain stretch is a multiaxial failure criterion for conventional and highly crosslinked UHMWPE. 1573 50

Gamibojungikki-tang (GBIT) has been used for the purpose of development of physical strength in Korea. We investigated the anti-immobility effect of GBIT on the forced swimming test (FST) and then measured the blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue, glucose (Glc); blood urea nitrogen (BUN); lactic dehydrogenase (LDH); creatine kinase (CK) and total protein (TP). GBIT (0.01, 0.1, 1 g/kg) was orally administered to mice for 7 days. After 7 days, the immobility time was significantly decreased in the GBIT-administration group (105.0+/-12.1 s for 1 g/kg) in comparison with the control group (152.3+/-16.2 s). The contents of Glc and TP in the blood serum were significantly increased in GBIT-administration group (1g/kg) compared with control group, while LDH was significantly decreased. Surface phenotyping of spleen cells by FACS analysis revealed an increasing tendency of CD4+ and CD8+ number, without statistical significance. In addition, GBIT (0.01-1 mg/ml) increased the interferon-gamma and interlukin-2 levels in MOLT-4 T-cells. These results suggest that GBIT may be useful in the immune function improvement.
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PMID:Gamibojungikki-tang decreases immobility time on the forced swimming test and increases interferon-gamma production from MOLT-4 cells. 1602 48

In patients with gastrointestinal malignancies, i.e. cancers of the stomach, colon, liver, biliary tract or pancreas, progressive undernutrition can be regularly observed during the course of illness. Undernutrition significantly affects the patients' quality of life, morbidity and survival. Pathogenetically, two different causes are relevant in the development of undernutrition in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. One cause is reduced nutritional intake. This condition is referred to as anorexia and can be worsened by the side effects of cancer therapy. The other cause is the release of endogenous transmitters and/or other products of the tumour leading to the cachexia syndrome, which is characterized by loss of body weight, negative nitrogen balance and fatigue. Cancer anorexia and cancer cachexia may have synergistic negative effects in affecting the patients' status. In this review, current nutritional support strategies with respect to different clinically relevant situations are described. An algorithm of the treatment strategies, including dietetic counselling, oral supplements, enteral and parenteral nutritional support is given. One focus is the approach of nutrition-focused patient care, which shows promising results. In addition, the possibilities of pharmacological intervention are discussed.
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PMID:Review article: anorexia and cachexia in gastrointestinal cancer. 1642 4

Bisphosphonates have the potential to reduce osteolysis, a phenomenon that has been postulated to play a key role in aseptic loosening of total joint replacements. Bisphosphonates may contribute to the in vivo longevity of total joint replacements. Some authors have suggested there are decreases in flexural strength and flexural modulus of the cured cement when a liquid form of disodium pamidronate is added to a commercially available acrylic bone cement (Palacos R). We proposed that it is comparatively easier to blend a bisphosphonate in powder form into an acrylic bone cement than it is when the drug is in liquid form; and that the cement's fatigue life is decreased when the bisphosphonate is added in liquid rather than in solid form. The bisphosphonate and bone cement used were alendronate sodium and Cemex XL, respectively. The fatigue tests were done using phosphate buffered saline solution at 37 degrees +/- 1 degrees C. The data supported both hypotheses. Our findings should guide orthopaedic surgeons when using bisphosphonate-impregnated acrylic bone cements in total joint replacements. Bisphosphonates are endogenous pyrophosphate analogs in which a carbon atom replaces the central oxygen atom. These therapeutic agents may be classified into nitrogen and non-nitrogen containing types. Some examples are alendronate, pamidronate, ibandronate, risedronate, etidronate, clodronate, and zoledronate. There are many targets and mechanisms of action of this family of drugs, therefore making them efficacious against diverse clinical conditions such as osteoporosis, periprosthetic bone loss subsequent to total joint replacement, tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis, Charcot neuroarthropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and spondyloarthropathies, and arterial calcification. It has been proposed that some bisphosphonates are effective against the mechanisms that have been suggested as being implicated in aseptic loosening of total joint replacements, these being osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and wear particle-induced osteolysis. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showed that alendronate and pamidronate had beneficial effects maintaining periprosthetic bone for as much as 1 year after a total joint replacement.
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PMID:Alendronate in bone cement: fatigue life degraded by liquid, not by powder. 1644 96

L-malate, a tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediate, plays an important role in transporting NADH from cytosol to mitochondria for energy production and may be involved in the beneficial effects of improving physical stamina. In the present study, we investigated the effects of L-malate on the performance of forced swimming time and blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue - blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose (Glc), creatine kinase (CK),total protein (TP) and lactic acid (LA). To investigate the effects of L-malate on the malate-aspartate shuttle and energy metabolism in mice, the activities of enzymes related to the malate-aspartate shuttle were measured. L-malate was orally administered to mice continuously for 30 days using a feeding atraumatic needle. The swimming time was increased by 26.1 % and 28.5 %, respectively, in the 0.210 g/kg and 0.630 g/kg L-malate-treated group compared with the control group. There were no differences in the concentrations of Glc, BUN and TP between the L-malate-treated groups and the control groups. However, the levels of CK were significantly decreased in the L-malate-treated groups. The results predict a potential benefit of L-malate for improving physical stamina and minimizing muscle damage during swimming exercise. The activities of cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase were significantly elevated in the L-malate-treated group compared with the control group. These enzymatic activities may be useful indicators for evaluating changes affecting the malate-aspartate shuttle and energy metabolism in the liver of mice.
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PMID:Effects of L-malate on physical stamina and activities of enzymes related to the malate-aspartate shuttle in liver of mice. 1655 51

Polymer nanoparticles of 40-400 nm diameter with spiropyran-merocyanine dyes incorporated into their hydrophobic cavities have been prepared; in contrast to their virtually nonfluorescent character in most environments, the merocyanine forms of the encapsulated dyes are highly fluorescent. Spiro-mero photoisomerization is reversible, allowing the fluorescence to be switched "on" and "off" by alternating UV and visible light. Immobilizing the dye inside hydrophobic pockets of nanoparticles also improves its photostability, rendering it more resistant than the same dyes in solution to fatigue effects arising from photochemical switching. The photophysical characteristics of the encapsulated fluorophores differ dramatically from those of the same species in solution, making nanoparticle-protected hydrophobic fluorophores attractive materials for potential applications such as optical data storage and switching and biological fluorescent labeling. To evaluate the potential for biological tagging, these optically addressable nanoparticles have been delivered into living cells and imaged with a liquid nitrogen-cooled CCD.
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PMID:Spiropyran-based photochromic polymer nanoparticles with optically switchable luminescence. 1656 6

The effect of training variations on the 24 h urinary cortisol/cortisone (C/Cn) ratio and the epinephrine/norepinephrine (E/NE) ratio in relation with mood (evaluated using the Brunel Mood Scale: BRUMS) and performance was investigated in seven trained young female tennis players (12.8 +/- 1.7 years). Like the proposed model in adults, the monitoring of hormonal and mood parameters could be a useful index in training follow-up in young sportswomen. Assessment of nutritional intake, nitrogen excretion rate and nitrogen balance were also determined to measure the dietary practice of these athletes. Nitrogen balance was calculated from the mean daily protein intake and the urinary nitrogen excretion. Data were collected after a 1-month rest (September, T1), 3 months after T1 (after technical and endurance training: December, T2) and 7 months after T1 (after 4 months of increasing-volume/high-intensity training: March, T3). A significant increase in C/Cn ratio (+ 30 %, p < 0.05) were noted from T1 to T3. In the same time, urinary NE concentrations decreased significantly. The E/NE ratio increased from T1 to T2 and decreased at T3 (T1 vs. T3: - 30 %, p < 0.05). The BRUMS inventory at T3 reflected changes in specific mood states with a significant increase in fatigue and anger scores, while vigor scores decreased significantly compared to T1. This period also corresponded with the lowest percentage of matches won and with the highest training load. Energy intake was about 16 % lower than the French recommendations for girls of the same age. However, a positive nitrogen balance was observed from a mean intake of 1.0 g x kg (-1) x day (-1). Our results reveal that an increase of overnight urinary C/Cn ratio and a decrease of E/NE ratio are concomitant with alterations in mood state and performance, all these parameters being associated with physical and psychological stress.
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PMID:The 24 h urinary cortisol/cortisone ratio and epinephrine/norepinephrine ratio for monitoring training in young female tennis players. 1749 98

The anti-fatigue activity of a pentacyclic triterpenoid extract from bamboo shavings (EBS) from the bark of bamboo (Bambusa tuldoides Munro), was evaluated in BALB/c mice. EBS, isolated by the supercritical CO(2) fluid extraction (SFE) technique, was given to mice at concentrations of 0.04 (low-dose group), 0.08 (middle-dose group) and 0.25 g/kg body weight (high-dose group). The anti-fatigue activity of EBS was estimated by the change in body weight, weight-loaded swimming test and climbing test, and corresponding parameters including serum urea nitrogen, hepatic glycogen and blood lactic acid were measured. The results showed that an appropriate level of EBS could prolong the weight-loaded swimming and climbing time, and had an active effect on the serum urea nitrogen, hepatic glycogen and blood lactic acid level in BALB/c mice, which significantly embodied the anti-fatigue activity of EBS. Overall, it is predicted that EBS, being a composition mainly containing a group of pentacyclic triterpenoids, and its main triterpenoid components have great potential for application in relevant fields for its anti-fatigue activity.
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PMID:Anti-fatigue activity of a triterpenoid-rich extract from Chinese bamboo shavings (Caulis bamfusae in taeniam). 1688 33


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