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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex were impregnated in the zinc iodide--osmium (ZIO) solution. The fine structural localization of the ZIO impregnation product was studied and, in addition, the function-dependent features of the reaction were examined after electrical stimulation or potassium chloride treatment. It was revealed that: (i) Aldehyde prefixation resulted in an increase in the number of reactive synaptic vesicles in all types of synaptosomes; (ii) Electrical stimulation decreased the number of reactive vesicles in a voltage dependent manner; (iii) Potassium chloride treatment also reduced the reactivity of vesicles; the reduction was dependent on the concentration of potassium and duration of treatment; (iv) Experimental interventions leading to the release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles and to fatigue of the nerve terminals also resulted in a decrease of the ZIO-reaction product of synaptic vesicles in a manner proportional to the strength of stimuli.
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PMID:Studies on the fine structural localization of zinc iodide-osmium reaction in the brain. III. Some characteristics of localization in the synaptosomes. 34 39

Triceps skin fold, arm muscular performance and fatigue were quantified, haematocrit measured and haemoglobin, serum total protein, albumin, transferrin, zinc and copper concentrations determined in 60 patients (36 women, 24 men) before and 3-45 days after surgery. On days 3 and 9 after surgery, there was a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in serum zinc concentrations but by 45 days concentrations had return to pre-operative values. In contrast, serum copper concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated until day 45. Haematocrit and haemoglobin and albumin concentrations were decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) 3 and 9 days after surgery, whereas serum total protein concentrations remained significantly (P less than 0.05) lower for 45 days compared with concentrations prior to surgery.
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PMID:Changes in serum trace elements after surgery: value of copper and zinc in predicting post-operative fatigue. 156 16

Dietary measures have achieved mixed results in the management of liver disorders. Although a high energy diet may shorten the course of viral hepatitis by a relatively small amount, dietary restriction is usually of no benefit in compensated cirrhosis. Restriction of sodium intake to 22 to 60 mol/day leads to resolution of cirrhotic ascites in approximately 20% of patients, and reduces the requirement for diuretics in the remainder. In advanced liver disease, diet plays an important role in the avoidance of portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE), with the tolerance of most nutrients, most importantly protein, being sharply reduced. Despite the frequent presence of carbohydrate intolerance in liver disease, carbohydrate supplementation may be required to ensure adequate utilisation of the reduced dietary protein intake. Zinc supplementation may also be required in liver cirrhosis to compensate for a deficiency. Bed rest is an important component of the management of acute and chronic liver disorders, together with the avoidance of fatigue. Abstinence from alcohol is required in alcoholic liver disease patients, who should receive parenteral thiamine 100 mg and other vitamin and mineral supplementation as required. Agents acting on the ascending loop of Henle [such as furosemide (frusemide)] or the distal tubule (such as spironolactone) are the diuretics most frequently employed to mobilise ascites in cirrhosis, the latter drug being the more effective in nonazotaemic patients. In the absence of oedema, the diuresis should be restricted to a maximum of 750 ml/day; however, patients with oedema may safely undergo a diuresis of less than or equal to 1.5 L/day. Diuretic therapy is often associated with renal complications, such as azotaemia (usually reversible) and severe hyponatraemia in cirrhotic patients with ascites; spironolactone may produce antiandrogenic adverse effects. Lactulose, used in the treatment of acute and chronic PSE, acts by inhibiting gastrointestinal absorption of ammonia and other toxic nitrogenous substances, and by reducing urea degradation. Other pharmacological treatments, such as branched-chain amino acids and benzodiazepine antagonists have a limited role in the management of PSE. Chronic cholestasis has been treated with cholestyramine and fat-soluble vitamins, whereas ursodeoxycholic acid appears to be a promising agent in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. In chronic hepatitis, the prevention of development of cirrhosis is a primary treatment goal which has been attempted with variable success using antifibrotic drugs such as penicillamine and colchicine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Traditional management of liver disorders. 208 80

The fatigue characteristics of a zinc phosphate cement were examined. Using a split mould made of stainless steel, 12 mm x phi 6 mm column shape specimens were prepared. Fatigue tests were done by loading partially repeated pulsating diametrical tensile stress of 1-20 Hz, minimum stress was 0.2 MPa (2.0 kgf/cm2) and maximum stress was 3.5-5.4 MPa (36-55 kgf/cm2). During testing, the specimen was kept under distilled water. The existence of a fatigue was confirmed and there were marked signs of fatigue on the fracture surface. The relation between maximum stress and the number of cycles to fracture (S-N diagram) was obtained. Therefore the following equation and fatigue parameter (n) were deduced. logS + 0.0775.logN = 0.8931 n = 12.9 The fatigue characteristics depended on the frequency, that is, a time to fracture was shorter at the loading frequency of 20 Hz than that of 1 Hz.
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PMID:[Fatigue of dental zinc phosphate cement]. 213 51

Although consequences of zinc deficiency have been recognized for many years, it is only recently that attention has been directed to the potential consequences of excessive zinc intake. This is a review of the literature on manifestations of toxicity at several levels of zinc intake. Zinc is considered to be relatively nontoxic, particularly if taken orally. However, manifestations of overt toxicity symptoms (nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, lethargy, and fatigue) will occur with extremely high zinc intakes. At low intakes, but at amounts well in excess of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) (100-300 mg Zn/d vs an RDA of 15 mg Zn/d), evidence of induced copper deficiency with attendant symptoms of anemia and neutropenia, as well as impaired immune function and adverse effects on the ratio of low-density-lipoprotein to high-density-lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) cholesterol have been reported. Even lower levels of zinc supplementation, closer in amount to the RDA, have been suggested to interfere with the utilization of copper and iron and to adversely affect HDL cholesterol concentrations. Individuals using zinc supplements should be aware of the possible complications attendant to their use.
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PMID:Zinc toxicity. 240 97

Different endodontic post systems--Permador metal posts, GT posts, Para posts, and Erlangen posts--have been compared with each other in a study. After casting a Pd-Ag-Sn-In-alloy to the posts, these experimental post-retained cores were fixed with zinc phosphate cement in the prepared root canals of extracted premolars and subjected to fatigue tests. With the parameters selected, the forces could be reduced to 22.5N, thus approximating physiological conditions. This test was followed by a thorough inspection of the material (EDS analysis, metallographic preparations, SEM). The Permador post showed the highest dynamic strength, while the Erlangen post material was found to be unsuitable for casting to two different palladium-base alloys.
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PMID:[Dynamic strength of cast endodontic post systems]. 270 Jul 6

The impact of alcohol and marijuana abuse on the physical health and nutritional status of adolescents has not been well documented. The health consequences of alcoholism and chemical abuse in adults may not relate to the pediatric population. Forty-nine adolescent boys (mean age 15.8 years) with varying degrees of alcohol and marijuana use by self-report were evaluated as to their general health, pubertal development and nutritional status using health and dietary history, physical examination, anthropometrics, and biochemical assays of liver function and tissue nutrients. Thirteen (27%) were alcohol and marijuana abusers, 20 (41%) marijuana abusers, and 16 (32%) nonusers. There were significant differences between alcohol and marijuana abusers and marijuana abusers compared to nonusers with respect to endorsing symptoms of nutritional deficiency (muscle weakness, bleeding gums, tiredness, etc) (P less than .001). There were no significant differences between subgroups in other nutritional measures except plasma zinc concentration which was low in marijuana abusers (mean 85 micrograms/dL). All adolescents reported consuming adequate nutrients, although alcohol and marijuana abusers reported eating more snack foods and less fruit, vegetables, and milk than other groups. There were no significant differences in hematologic status (complete blood cell count, transferrin, folate), liver function (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase), or anthropometric and sexual maturational indices of growth. There were no chronic signs of chemical abuse by physical examinations. It appears that health and nutritional disability from chemical abuse in adolescents relates more to poor dietary habits and symptomatic deterioration in general health than to specific effects on growth or nutritional status. Studies with larger numbers of subjects need to document these findings.
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PMID:Health, developmental, and nutritional status of adolescent alcohol and marijuana abusers. 349 3

Twenty-six patients with advanced cancer refractory to standard therapy were treated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) in a study aimed at determining the toxicity and tolerance of rTNF and at seeking evidence of antitumor activity. The study design involved two treatments per week for 4 weeks with alternating subcutaneous and intravenous (IV) administration, and weekly dose escalation through four levels in each patient. The dose range was 1 to 200 micrograms/m2 for IV bolus injection, and 5 to 250 micrograms/m2 for subcutaneous injection. Thirteen patients completed the full course. Early discontinuation of treatment was related to rTNF toxicity in seven cases. The major side effects were rigors, fever, headache, fatigue, and hypotension. Acute changes in granulocyte, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, changes in serum zinc levels and plasma cortisol levels consistent with an acute phase response, and inflammation at the site of subcutaneous injection were also seen. At doses of 125 to 250 micrograms/m2, inflammation at the subcutaneous injection site was unacceptably severe. Minor changes were seen in hemostatic parameters. Hypotension was corrected by fluid administration and did not require treatment with vasopressors. Initial serum concentrations of rTNF were measured at five minutes after IV administration and were found to range from 2.5 ng/mL after a dose of 35 micrograms/m2 to 80 ng/mL after a dose of 200 micrograms/m2. The half-life of rTNF in the blood was 20 minutes. A decrease in lymph node size was observed in a patient with B cell lymphoma.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacology of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor in patients with advanced cancer. 368 77

Fifty-three workers in a battery factory, 52 solderers in a television factory, and 50 embroidery workers (a reference group) were studied. The average air lead levels of the three workplaces were 0.578 mg/m3, 0.002 mg/m3, and 0.001 mg/m3, respectively. Adverse effects in terms of clinical manifestations and biochemical criteria were evident among the battery factory workers. A significant dose-response relationship existed between the toxic effects and the air lead levels. The solderers showed no apparent abnormalities in comparison with the embroidery workers. The early clinical manifestations were dysfunction of the central nervous system, indigestion, arthralgia, and myalgia in the extremities. A positive association was observed between the prevalence of fatigue, mild abdominal pain, and arthralgia and the blood lead (PbB), urinary lead (PbU), and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels. The symptomatic threshold values of PbB, PbU, and ZPP were 30 micrograms/dl (1.5 mumol/l), 0.045 mg/l (0.2 mumol/l), and 40 micrograms/dl (0.7 mumol/l), respectively. The PbB, PbU, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and ZPP levels and the blood aminolevulinic dehydratase ratio could be used as indicators of lead exposure, although ZPP is preferred for a preventive monitoring program. The motor and sensory conduction velocities of the median nerve were slower in the exposed groups than in the reference group. No effects on behavioral function were observed among the solderers.
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PMID:Effects of occupational lead exposure. 383 31

An analysis of reported symptoms and their relationship with indicators of lead absorption--blood lead (Pb-B) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP)--and of arsenic absorption--urinary arsenic (As-U)--was undertaken among 680 active copper smelter workers. Lead and arsenic absorption in the copper smelter employees were characterized by the median values of 30.4 micrograms/dl for Pb-B, 41.5 micrograms/dl for ZPP, and 26 micrograms/L for As-U. Blood lead was 40 micrograms/dl or higher in 16.7% of cases, ZPP was 50 micrograms/dl or higher in 31.2%, and urinary arsenic was 50 micrograms/L or higher in 16.4% of currently active copper smelter workers. The number of reported symptoms (from a total of 14 symptoms) increased with ZPP levels; the relationship with Pb-B was less marked. Arsenic contributed relatively little. Mean Pb-B, ZPP, and As-U levels for subjects reporting each of the 14 symptoms were compared with those of subjects who did not report the symptoms. Mean Pb-B was found to differ significantly for one symptom, fatigue. Significant differences in mean ZPP levels were found for fatigue, sleep disturbances, weakness, paresthesia, and joint pain. Prevalence rates for these symptoms rose more markedly with increasing ZPP than with Pb-B levels. The results indicate a relationship between certain CNS and musculo-skeletal symptoms and increased lead absorption in this population. Adherence to exposure standards that preclude undue lead absorption and appropriate biological monitoring including ZPP levels, are necessary to prevent adverse, especially long-term, health effects.
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PMID:Effects of low-level lead and arsenic exposure on copper smelter workers. 387 20


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