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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis are chronic cholestatic syndromes that may be difficult to differentiate clinically. Destructive cholangitis occurs in both diseases and leads to similar clinical and biochemical abnormalities. Therefore, we compared the clinical, biochemical, immunologic, radiologic, and hepatic histologic features of these syndromes in two large groups of patients prospectively selected by predefined criteria. Primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 258) occurred predominantly in middle-aged women who were usually symptomatic with fatigue and pruritus, commonly had keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and often were hyperpigmented. Tests for antimitochondrial antibodies were always positive, usually in very high titer. Although the extrahepatic bile ducts were normal radiographically, smooth tapering and narrowing of the intrahepatic bile ducts was occasionally noted. Hepatic histology was diagnostic when a florid duct lesion was present. In contrast, primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 60) occurred primarily in young men who were usually symptomatic with fatigue and pruritus and frequently had chronic ulcerative colitis. Tests for antimitochondrial antibodies were nearly always negative and cholangiography demonstrated abnormalities of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts in all cases. Although hepatic histology was often compatible with the diagnosis, it was usually not diagnostic, and considerable overlap existed with the abnormalities seen in primary biliary cirrhosis. Likewise, biochemical tests of copper metabolism were similar in both syndromes. These results call attention to the differences and similarities in the clinicopathologic features of these two cholestatic syndromes and provide a basis for a rational diagnostic strategy.
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PMID:Comparison of the clinicopathologic features of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. 388 May 53

Dental amalgams prepared from nine commercially available dental amalgam alloys, including high copper ternary, high copper blend, and a conventional alloy, were evaluated for their compressive fatigue behaviour to at least 10(6) cycles. While the fatigue behaviour of all high copper amalgams was similar, statistically significant differences in cycles to failure amongst these amgalgams were detected as a function of load, with Sybraloy demonstrating the greatest overall resistance to fatigue failure.
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PMID:Fatigue characterization of nine dental amalgams. 397 Oct 19

A case of primary ovarian pregnancy involving a Copper 7 (Cu 7) IUD is described, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. A 29-year old white woman, gravida 2, para 2, presented with nausea and fatigue of 1 months' duration and severe bilateral upper abdominal pain with radiation to both shoulders of 1 day's duration. Her menstrual cycles for the previous 4 months had been irregular and her last menstrual period started 35 days prior to admission. She was known to have had a Cu 7 IUD in situ for 26 months. On admission, the patient was in moderate abdominal distress. Direct and rebound tenderness with some voluntary guarding was found in the upper abdomen, with minimal lower abdominal tenderness. Pelvic examination was normal, except for slight tenderness. Pelvic examination was normal, except for slight tenderness in the right adnexal area. No vaginal bleeding was observed. Serum pregnancy test (RIA) was positive. Sonogram of the abdomen showed the IUD in situ, free fluid in the peritoneal cavity, and a mass in the right adnexal area containing fetal parts and a fetal heartbeat. Dilation and curettage after removal of the IUD obtained a minimal amount of tissue. Laparotomy revealed 500-600 ml of blood. The uterus, both fallopian tubes, and the left ovary were normal. A hemorrhagic cystic area at the distal pole of the right ovary was actively bleeding. Wedge resection of the right ovary was performed. The patient recovered well and was discharged from the hospital 4 days after the operation. The hemorrhagic ovarian mass measured 6.0x4.5x3.0 cm. Section demonstrated at 3.0 cm cavity filled with clear fluid. The cavity was lined with a smooth membrane and contained a 1.6 cm embryo. A corpus luteum, 1.5 cm in greatest dimension, was adjacent to the cavity. Microscopic sections showed an edematous stroma and an area of implantation with vascularized chorionic villi adjacent to a corpus luteum. Hemorrhage extended from the area of implantation to the ovarian surface. Sections of the fetus were histologically normal. The diagnosis was ovarian pregnancy. Available data allow an approximation of the proportion of woman years of IUD use that involve the Cu 7 IUD in the US since 1966, which is calculated to be 28%. This calculation agrees with the observed 27% of the cases of ovarian pregnancy with an IUD in situ that involved the Cu 7 IUD reported in the US literature. This comparison suggests that the Cu 7 does not increase or decrease the risk of ovarian pregnancy relative to inert plastic IUDs. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of ovarian pregnancy in patients who use the IUD.
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PMID:Ovarian pregnancy with a Copper-7 intrauterine device in situ. 682 9

Gallium alloys that have been developed as a substitute for dental amalgam were investigated for fatigue properties and the effects of environmental factors were also examined. Cylindrical specimens were fatigue-tested employing cyclic tensile loading. Statistical definition of the fatigue limit at 10(5) cycles was obtained according to the staircase method. The significance of environmental factors were evaluated by analysis of variance using the orthogonal table L8 (2(7)). The fatigue limit of gallium alloys was higher than that of a conventional high copper amalgam and was influenced by the experimental environment such as temperature and water. The fatigue fracture occurred in the matrix and the interface between the matrix and the core. Gallium alloys have excellent fatigue properties as a filling material.
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PMID:[Fatigue properties of gallium alloy]. 775 95

Dynamic biochemical changes in the masseter muscle were studied in 14 New Zealand adult male rabbits by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR spectra were obtained during rest and electrical stimulation of the muscle in the anaesthetized animal at 33 recording sessions. Electrical stimulation was applied by a pair of copper wires placed separately with hypodermic needles into the muscle. NMR spectra were acquired with a 2 x 3 cm, double-turn, copper transmit/receive coil. Sixteen spectra were averaged over 30 s to obtain averaged spectra continuously during a 30-min recording. The spectra were processed automatically using a non-linear 'least-squares' fitting program on the spectrometer. A Lorentzian line shape was assumed for the peaks, and values of peak height, area and chemical shifts were generated. Each averaged spectrum consisted of five peaks: inorganic phosphate (Pi), creatine phosphate (PCr), and three peaks related to ATP. Data were analysed as to absolute changes in Pi and PCr, in the ratio of Pi/PCr, and the shift of Pi to PCr to estimate pH. Several protocols were used in which ranges of frequency, intensity and duration of electrical stimulation were tested. The protocol for detailed studies involved stimulating the muscle twice at 5 Hz for 3 min separated by a 3-min rest period, then stimulating twice at 50 Hz for 3 min separated by a rest period. During contraction of the muscle, there was a significant increase in the Pi/PCr ratio (p < 0.05) as compared to the resting level. The ratio reached a plateau over a 3-min contraction using 5-Hz stimulation, then increased significantly more with the 50-Hz stimulation but decayed during the 3 min. Sustained stimulation with 50 Hz for 15-45 min evoked an initial sharp change in Pi/PCr, which then reached a steady plateau that remained over the entire stimulation. These findings indicate that the rabbit masseter muscle is relatively fatigue resistant in maintaining a steady-state equilibrium in the relation of Pi to PCr.
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PMID:31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the rabbit masseter muscle. 798 Jan 15

The uptake and accumulation of 1-5 microM cadmium (Cd) was studied in primary cultures of rat renal cortical epithelial cells under protein-free conditions at 4 or 37 degrees C for up to 30 min. The cells were isolated from female rats by collagenase digestion and cultured for 3-7 days. Confluency of the culture, monitored morphologically as well as by total protein content, was achieved on Day 5. Cd accumulation at 1 microM concentration demonstrated an inverse relationship to the cell density; the Cd level in Day 5 culture was only 45% of that in Day 3 culture. In subconfluent cultures (Days 3 and 4) the Cd accumulation was temperature sensitive; on Day 3 the cells accumulated one-third less Cd at 4 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. In comparison, the confluent cells (Day 5) had the same Cd accumulation regardless of the incubation temperature. In these cells, preincubation with cyanide also had no significant effect on Cd accumulation, implying a lack of energy requirement for Cd uptake. As the transport of Cd may involve processes that exist for the essential metal ions, the effect of 30 microM zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on the accumulation of 1 microM Cd was studied in Day 5 cultures. Coincubation with Zn caused a 16% reduction in Cd levels at 37 degrees C and even greater reduction (44% of control) at 4 degrees C. Similarly, Cu inhibited Cd accumulation by 26 and 45% at 37 and 4 degrees C, respectively, as compared to the temperature-matched controls. The Vmax for the initial Cd uptake (1 min) was 125 pmol/mg protein/min and the Km was 7 microM. Both Zn and Cu exhibited competitive inhibition kinetics and doubled the Km for Cd uptake. The Ki for Zn and Cu was 23 and 30 microM, respectively. Mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were also tested for their ability to affect Cd accumulation. As compared to the controls, 1 microM Hg caused an 11% reduction in Cd level at 37 degrees C. In contrast, 1 microM Pb enhanced Cd accumulation by 20%. However, neither Hg nor Pb had any significant effect on Cd accumulation at 4 degrees C. All four metals had no significant effect on the efflux of Cd from the cells. Thus, these metals affected Cd accumulation by changing its uptake rather than its efflux.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cadmium uptake by primary cultures of rat renal cortical epithelial cells: influence of cell density and other metal ions. 834 37

There is compelling evidence that micronutrients can profoundly affect immunity. We surveyed vitamin supplement use and circulating concentrations of 22 nutrients and glutathione in 64 HIV-1 seropositive men and women and 33 seronegative controls participating in a study of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission. We assayed antioxidants (vitamins A, C, and E; total carotenes), vitamins B6 and B12, folate, thiamin, niacin, biotin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, free and total choline and carnitine, biopterin, inositol, copper, zinc, selenium, and magnesium. HIV-infected patients had lower mean circulating concentrations of magnesium (p < 0.0001), total carotenes (p = 0.009), total choline (p = 0.002), and glutathione (p = 0.045), and higher concentrations of niacin (p < 0.0001) than controls. Fifty-nine percent of HIV+ patients had low concentrations of magnesium, compared with 9% of controls (p < 0.0001). These abnormal concentrations were unrelated to stage of disease. Participants who took vitamin supplements had consistently fewer low concentrations of antioxidants, across HIV infection status and disease stage strata (p = 0.0006). Nevertheless, 29% of the HIV+ patients taking supplemental vitamins had subnormal levels of one or more antioxidants. The frequent occurrence of abnormal micronutrient nutriture, as found in these HIV+ subjects, may contribute to disease pathogenesis. The low magnesium concentrations may be particularly relevant to HIV-related symptoms of fatigue, lethargy, and impaired mentation.
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PMID:Micronutrient profiles in HIV-1-infected heterosexual adults. 862 65

Primary hemochromatosis is characterized by a specific pattern of clinical manifestations. It includes liver disease with hepatomegaly, glucose intolerance, e.g. diabetes, hyperpigmentation oft the skin, impotence/ amenorrhea, arthropathy, cardiomyopathy and fatigue. Laboratory investigation reveals significantly elevated serum ferritin and transferrin saturation with iron. The diagnosis is confirmed by liver biopsy and quantitative determination of elevated liver iron content. Wilson's disease represents a copper storage disease. Prominent clinical features are hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Neurological alterations and detection of Kayser-Fleischer corneal rings are typical. In the acute initial phase the often young patients present with Coombs-negative hemolysis. Psychiatric alterations, cardiomyopathy, arthropathy, nephropathy, as well as thrombocytopenia and leucopenia are other clinical features. Laboratory parameters of Wilson's disease include low serum ceruloplasmin and serum copper. There is an elevated urinary copper excretion and elevated serum free copper concentration. The diagnosis is confirmed by liver biopsy with quantitative determination of an elevated liver copper content.
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PMID:[Current diagnosis: hereditary metabolic diseases of the liver (primary hemochromatosis, Wilson disease)]. 898 78

This paper summarizes the results of several fatigue studies of bus and truck drivers using different approaches. It presents findings from 24 city bus drivers obtained by the use of biochemical and psychophysiological tests before and after 7 h of driving. It presents an acoustic speech analysis conducted on 34 bus drivers before and after driving. Also, for a small group of city bus drivers, a continual examination of heart rate was carried out by electrocardiorecorder. Questionnaire studies on fatigue are related to the responses of 200 long-distance truck drivers and 107 dump-truck drivers who work in one copper mine. The last approach deals with the analysis of long-distance truck drivers' activities (driving, loading-unloading, resting and sleeping) during trips, based on their individual records. On the basis of these different approaches to bus and truck drivers' studies, clear psychophysiological, speech and subjective changes have been demonstrated and, on a descriptive level, certain symptoms observed during prolonged driving have been interpreted as effects of drivers' fatigue.
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PMID:Drivers' fatigue studies. 911 37

Eighty-six workers exposed to zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) pesticide were studied for evidence of neuropsychiatric manifestations. They were evaluated clinically, by electroencephalography (EEG), and, in some cases, by electromyography (EMG). All were males (mean age, 35.8 years; mean duration of exposure to zinc phosphide, 11.3 years). Most presented with one (or more) neuropsychiatric symptom(s), including fear of poisoning, anxiety, impotence, and easy fatigue. About half showed evidence of neuropsychiatric signs, including hyperreflexia, polyneuropathy, lumber radiculopathy, and cervical myelopathy, as well as anxious mood, impaired attention, and psychomotor stimulation. EEG recordings showed abnormal findings in 17.4% of the subjects. The mean age in that group was 39.1 years; mean duration of exposure to Zn3P2 was 15.1 years. EMG studies showed evidence of partial denervation of the anterior tibial group of muscles and flexor digiti minimi in 2 of the 30 workers (6.7%) who underwent EMG examination. Serum levels of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Ca) were significantly higher in exposed workers than in controls (P < 0.005). Serum copper (Cu), iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) were significantly lower in exposed workers than in controls. Electrophoretic pattern of globulin showed that gammaglobulin fraction was significantly increased (P < 0.005); alpha2 and beta-globulin were decreased (P < 0.005) in exposed workers. Lipoprotein pattern showed that the total lipids, B-lipoprotein, and B/alpha ratio were significantly increased (P < 0.005) in exposed workers; the alpha1 lipoprotein was decreased. Triglycerides and cholesterol were significantly increased (P < 0.001), and phospholipids and phospholipid/cholesterol ratio were significantly decreased (P < 0.005) in exposed workers compared to controls. The study findings indicated that exposure to Zn3P2 not only caused mild acute and subacute liver cell damage, but also affected renal function and perhaps B-cells of the pancreas. A total of 68.6% of the exposed workers had chest symptoms; only 24.4% presented with chest or cardiac signs. Ventilatory functions were abnormal in 70% of the exposed workers; abnormal ECG findings were present in 12.8%.
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PMID:Neuropsychiatric syndromes and occupational exposure to zinc phosphide in Egypt. 931 48


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