Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary infiltrates developed in three middle-aged women while receiving naproxen sodium. Weakness, fatigue, cough, low-grade fever, and eosinophilia in blood and/or sputum were common to all. All symptoms and findings resolved within a few days after discontinuing naproxen therapy in two cases and with use of corticosteroids (prednisone) in one case. A hypersensitivity reaction due to naproxen seemed to be the likely cause.
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PMID:Pulmonary infiltrates associated with naproxen. 669 Jul 68

This study determined to what extent the hind limb muscles of hamsters resemble those of other mammals in undergoing changes in physiologic, morphologic, and histochemical properties as a function of age. Maximal isometric twitch and tetanic responses were evoked in soleus and plantaris muscles of hamsters aged 13 days to 6 months; all experiments were conducted in vivo under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. In keeping with findings in the cat and rat, both hamster muscles had relatively prolonged twitches in the youngest animals; the twitches became briefer during development, that of plantaris having a minimum mean contraction time of 15.4 +/- 2.4 ms at 20 days and that of soleus, 28.3 +/- 3.5 ms at 46 days. In both muscles there was a subsequent slight prolongation of the twitch. The two muscles had similar masses at 13 and 20 days; thereafter the plantaris became considerably larger and stronger than the soleus and developed more tetanic tension per unit cross-sectional area. In keeping with its briefer contraction, plantaris had a more rapid rate of rise of tetanic tension than soleus and was more susceptible to fatigue; whereas the soleus developed depression of the twitch after a tetanus, the plantaris exhibited potentiation. Histological and histochemical studies showed that the plantaris had significantly more muscle fibers than the soleus and a much greater proportion of type II fibers (91 and 39%, respectively, in 120- to 180-day-old animals). Whereas the type II fibers had similar cross-sectional areas in the two muscles, the type I fibers were significantly smaller in plantaris than in soleus.
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PMID:Physiologic and histologic features of muscle development in the hamster. 673 84

Previous observations have shown that in human subjects with malnutrition and after prolonged fasting, there are characteristic changes in the force-frequency response, relaxation rate and power of muscle during a 30 s stimulus (fatigue). In order to characterize these findings under carefully controlled conditions, in different types of muscle and to correlate them with changes in muscle structure, composition and biochemical status, we developed an animal model in rats. In this model, nutrient restriction, both after an acute fast and after chronic hypocaloric feeding, resulted in: (a) loss of force during high frequency stimulation but preservation of contraction-relaxation characteristics during low frequency stimulation; (b) slower muscle relaxation rate at high frequency stimulation; (c) increased muscle fatiguability at high frequency stimulation. Measurements of muscle enzymes showed that acute fasting resulted in a reduced content of glycolytic enzymes, but preservation of oxidative enzymes, while chronic hypocaloric dieting resulted in a reduction in both classes of enzyme. There was no significant change in ATP, AMP or energy charge, or in intracellular sodium, potassium and magnesium levels. Creatine phosphate was normal in acutely fasted animals but low in those fed hypocalorically. By contrast, increased intracellular calcium and ADP levels were seen in both fasted and hypocalorically fed animals. These findings suggest that subtle disturbances of intracellular energy states with altered calcium flux may be of importance in the genesis of muscle dysfunction caused by malnutrition.
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PMID:The effect of fasting and hypocaloric diets on the functional and metabolic characteristics of rat gastrocnemius muscle. 674 88

A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study into the effect of graded sequential mestranol and norethisterone on climacteric symptoms was performed. The study group consisted of 23 post-menopausal women who had previously undergone hysterectomy. Active therapy resulted in a significant reduction in hot flushes and night sweats. There was a slight improvement in insomnia, lack of energy and confidence but the other symptoms were not significantly altered. A small placebo effect was noted but this was only significant 1 mth after active treatment had been discontinued in the group of women receiving placebo second. Active treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in serum sodium, calcium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol, and increase in serum triglycerides, but no alteration in the other biochemical parameters, weight or blood pressure.
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PMID:A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study into the effect of sequential mestranol and norethisterone on climacteric symptoms and biochemical parameters. 675 Mar 25

A double-masked, randomly assigned, crossover trial of the effect of supplemental two-weak courses of sodium acetate (90 mEq/day) and placebo on carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI)-induced side effects of malaise, fatigue, and others ("malaise symptom complex") was performed in 28 patients. Fifteen patients (54%) experienced significant improvement while receiving supplemental sodium acetate compared with five (18%) receiving a placebo. A relationship was observed between the clinical efficacy of the acetate supplementation and the measured improvement in serum carbon dioxide combining power. No changes in intraocular pressure were observed when supplemental sodium acetate was given. The results confirm the beneficial effect of supplemental alkalinization for such CAI-induced symptoms in somewhat less than half of the affected patients and suggest the need for long-term studies in which the dosage of sodium acetate is titrated in relation to measured changes in the level of metabolic acidosis.
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PMID:The influence of supplemental sodium acetate on carbonic anhydrase inhibitor-induced side effects. 679 52

Sodium, potassium, and magnesium were analyzed in human slow-twitch (ST) and fast-twitch (FT) skeletal muscles. In contrast to other species, no relation was found between fiber composition and electrolyte distribution. In soleus (S), vastus lateralis (VL), and triceps brachii (TB) the overall mean values for 6 men and 6 women were 44 mmol K/100 g dry wt and 11 mmol Na/100 g dry wt; the intracellular concentrations were 161 mmol K/l and 26 mmol Na/l with no differences between the muscles. Analysis of fragments of single ST and FT fibers from each of the muscles also showed no difference between the fiber types in Na and K content. Small differences were seen between the muscles with regard to Mg, but these were not related to fiber composition compared with other species. During exercise to exhaustion (3 bouts of bicycling for 3 min at 325-395 W, 6 men) the extracellular electrolyte concentrations for Na, K, and Mg increased from 134 to 140, 4.5 to 5.8, and 0.75 to 0.87 mmol/l, respectively (P less than 0.05). In VL Na content increased from 9.8 to 16.5 mmol/100 g dry wt, while intracellular [Na] remained constant. In contrast, intracellular [K] decreased from 161 to 141 mmol/l (P less than 0.05). No such changes occurred in TB. In concert with other studies the present changes in electrolytes in the working muscles indicate that muscle fatigue may be related to changes at the muscle fiber membrane.
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PMID:Electrolytes in slow and fast muscle fibers of humans at rest and with dynamic exercise. 686 74

Tenotomy of the rat soleus muscle is followed by a central degeneration of slow, fatigue-resistant muscle fibers. Previous experiments showed that fast, fatigable fibers of the gastrocnemius when transformed to slow, fatigue-resistant fibers by cross-reinnervation also develop lesions after tenotomy. The experiments described in this communication were carried out to discover whether the susceptibility of fibers to lesions was determined by their fiber type or the nature of their innervation. Rats were rendered hyperthyroid by the administration of sodium 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) for 7 to 10 weeks. Tenotomy of the soleus muscles was then carried out and the experimental and contralateral muscles were removed and stained for myosin ATPase activity after a further 2 weeks. The hyperthyroid state of each animal was confirmed by the assay of succinate dehydrogenase activity of liver and the contralateral muscle. After acid preincubation, whole muscle fiber type counts of contralateral muscles showed a statistically significant change from a predominantly acid-stable population of fibers to acid-labile fibers. In addition, many fibers of intermediate staining properties were seen. When the experimental muscles were examined, all three varieties of fiber showed central degeneration. The nature of the fiber type change induced by T3 and the role that innervation might play in this is discussed. It was concluded that the susceptibility of fibers to the lesions that follow tenotomy is dependent on the nature of their innervation rather than their fiber type.
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PMID:Central core degeneration after tenotomy in soleus muscles of hyperthyroid rats. 688 81

A double-blind, cross-over trial compared the antiinflammatory and analgesic effects as well as tolerability of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) and ibuprofen. Twenty-four outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis were included. A single-blind placebo period was inserted between the two active treatments. The daily dose of diclofenac sodium was 50 mg bid and that of ibuprofen 400 mg tid. The duration of each treatment period was 14 days. The efficacy was measured by the following criteria: Articular index (Lansbury), morning stiffness, fatigue, pain (measured on a visual analogue scale), consumption of rescue-analgesics, status of the arthritic condition, and patient preference. No significant differences were found between diclofenac sodium and ibuprofen, but regarding consumption of analgesic, global evaluation, rheumatic activity, and activity index, a slight trend towards a better effect of diclofenac sodium was found. The study had an adequate sensitivity as it could distinguish placebo from the active treatments for all parameters evaluated. No patient was withdrawn for unwanted effects. None of the laboratory data showed abnormalities of clinical relevance.
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PMID:Diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) and ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized double-blind study. 700 69

Sepsis and septic shock were induced in fifteen awake rabbits by the infusion of live Escherichia coli. Sodium K+, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations in red blood cells (RBC) and plasma were measured during the control, septic, and septic shock periods. The significant elevations of Na+ content in RBC during sepsis appeared to be primarily a function of increased cell membrane permeability. The significantly decreased intracellular K+ concentrations, accompanying the high Na+ levels of RBC later in shock, were consistent with progressive failure of the energy-dependent transport mechanism (Na+-k+ pump). Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia were apparent in the late stages of sepsis, these alterations reached statistically significant levels in the shock period. The electrolyte derangements associated with sepsis and septic shock could not be related to energy depletion. The continuous significant accumulations of ATP, observed in RBC and plasma, were interpreted as a result of decreased energy utilization and attributed to the diminished active ion transport by the impaired Na+-K+ pump.
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PMID:Changes in sodium, potassium, and adenosine triphosphate contents of red blood cells in sepsis and septic shock. 709 19

In guinea pig taenia coli, added 45.4 mM K+ induced a sustained contraction, increased the rate of oxygen consumption, and slightly decreased the ATP content. In substituted 154.2 mM K+, Na+-deficient solution, only a transient contraction was induced. Oxygen consumption also showed only a transient increase and ATP content of the muscle rapidly decreased. Such an inhibition of sustained contraction and the decrease in both oxygen consumption and ATP content were recovered when 5.5 mM pyruvate or 50 mM NaCl was added during the 154.2 mM K+-induced contraction. In rabbit aorta, substituted 80 mM K+, 74.2 mM Na+ solution induced a sustained contraction, increase in oxygen consumption, and no change in ATP content. The 80 mM K+ solution without added glucose also induced a sustained contraction followed by a slight increase in oxygen consumption and a slight decrease in ATP content. The 154.2 mM K+, Na+-deficient solution produced similar changes in both oxygen consumption and ATP content as the 80 mM K+, glucose depleted solution. However, the 154.2 mM K+ solution induced only a transient contraction in the vascular smooth muscle. When 100 mM sucrose was hyperosmotically added to the 154.2 mM K+ solution, the suppressed muscle tension increased again, although the ATP content did not increase. From these and the previous results, it is concluded that glucose utilization by the taenia coli is inhibited in the 154.2 mM K+, Na+-deficient solution, and the decreased energy production of the muscle cell does not compensate the increased energy consumption induced by the high concentration of K+. In the aorta, although the Na+-deficient solution also decreases ATP production, it is the cell swelling induced by a high KCI concentration in the medium, not the decrease in energy metabolism, that has a direct inhibitory effect on muscle tension.
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PMID:High K+,Na+-deficient solution inhibits tension, O2 consumption, and ATP synthesis in smooth muscle. 713 54


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