Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In rats with adrenaline-induced myocarditis conditionally therapeutic doses of strophanthin (2.7 mg/kg) and digoxin (0.89 mg/kg) were chosen according to performance of the test of swimming until the complete fatigue. The influence of drugs in these doses on enzymatic activity was evaluated by histochemical methods in heart of control and myocarditis rats. It was found out that both of cardiac glycosides decreased lactate dehydrogenase and membrane Na+, K+-ATPase activity and increased succinate dehydrogenase activity in rats with experimental myocarditis.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of strophanthin and digoxin on the activity of succinate and lactate dehydrogenases and membrane Na+, K+-ATPase in the heart of rats with experimental myocarditis]. 254 33

We have compared the properties of beta-adrenergic receptors in slow-twitch, oxidative skeletal muscles (soleus) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats at three different ages. The investigation was based on the hypothesis that the increase in Na+ content and decrease in fatigue resistance observed previously in the soleus of SHR might be the result of a down regulation of muscle beta-receptors. Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscle stimulates sarcolemmal sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, which produces an efflux of Na+ and an influx of K+. Receptor down-regulation would be expected to reduce hormonal stimulation of Na+ pump activity, particularly during exercise. The results of receptor binding studies, however, and an investigation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in response to applied epinephrine indicated that there were no significant differences in receptor properties in the soleus muscles of SHR and WKY rats. Receptor number and affinity were the same in the two strains, and the rate, magnitude, and duration of the increase in cAMP in response to 10(-6) M epinephrine were also similar. beta-Adrenergic receptor down-regulation does not appear to be a generalized phenomenon in tissues of SHR, despite the appearance of other physiological changes in the tissue.
 ...
PMID:Beta-receptor properties in soleus muscles from spontaneously hypertensive rats. 254 28

By the use of invasive techniques, skeletal muscle has been shown to contribute to thermogenesis induced by glucose in humans. In an attempt to study this phenomenon by a non-invasive method, this study investigated intracellular high-energy phosphorous compounds in calf muscle by 31P MR spectroscopy during an oral glucose load in healthy lean subjects. The inorganic phosphate concentration increased gradually (P less than 0.05) after glucose intake. The phosphocreatine/inorganic phosphate rate decreased (P less than 0.05) and the estimated ADP concentration increased. ATP and intracellular pH remained unchanged after the glucose administration. No changes were seen in the control experiments. The processes responsible for the decreased energy state of the skeletal muscle cell may be an obligatory conversion of glucose to glycogen. Also, facultative processes, such as sodium/potassium pumping and substrate cycles stimulated by the sympatho-adrenal system, may be partly responsible.
 ...
PMID:Changes of high-energy phosphorous compounds in skeletal muscle during glucose-induced thermogenesis in man. A 31P MR spectroscopy study. 259 28

1. Eight hundred and forty-six patients with pain in one or two joints of the hip, knee, ankle or wrist participated in a randomised double-blind trial to compare the efficacy, tolerability and effect on quality of life of diclofenac sodium slow release (DSR) 100 mg daily and a combination of dextropropoxyphene 180 mg and paracetamol 1.95 g daily (D&P). Health status or quality of life was measured using the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) questionnaire. 2. Pain as measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) showed 8% greater pain reduction with DSR as compared with D&P (P less than 0.05). Physical mobility as measured by the NHP improved by 13% more with DSR as compared with D&P (P less than 0.01). Energy, sleep, social isolation and emotional reactions did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups, but both treatment groups showed improvement during the trial. More D&P patients as compared with DSR patients reported problems with their job of work (P less than 0.05), and time lost from work (P less than 0.05). 3. Patients on D&P suffered an excess of tiredness or sleep disturbance (50 vs 21, P less than 0.01) whilst patients treated with DSR had an excess of abdominal or epigastric pain or indigestion (40 vs 18, P less than 0.01). 57 patients were withdrawn from DSR and 65 from D&P.
 ...
PMID:Joint pain and quality of life; results of a randomised trial. 265 95

Urapidil has been approved as sustained-release capsules containing 30, 60 and 90 mg, respectively, and as ampules containing 25 and 50 mg for treatment of all grades of hypertension, in several countries in Europe, South America, as well as in Japan and other Asian regions. In general, the treatment should start with 60 mg twice daily, 1 capsule in the morning and 1 in the evening. This schedule may be adapted according to the therapeutic needs. During the last few years, urapidil has been investigated extensively in comparison with several types of established antihypertensive drugs. Urapidil given orally has been tested in comparative trials against placebo, acebutolol, metoprolol, captopril, nifedipine and nitrendipine with responder rates of 40 to 70%. These responder rates are to be expected for a variety of antihypertensive drugs in monotherapy. Further studies with clonidine, prazosin and alpha-methyldopa showed similar responder rates as established for the other antihypertensive drugs studied. Adverse reactions include dizziness, headache and nausea and occasionally tiredness, orthostatic dysregulation and gastric disorders. These symptoms were transient, mostly occurring during the early phases of therapy and disappearing as treatment continued. Adverse effects are considered to be mainly due to blood pressure reduction. Intravenous comparative trials have been performed with urapidil against placebo, diazoxide and sodium nitroprusside. Adverse effects of parenterally applied urapidil are similar to those observed during oral treatment. Specific contraindications for urapidil are unknown. However, as for other vasodilating drugs, intravenous urapidil should not be administered to patients with stenosis of the aortic isthmus or with aortic valve insufficiency.
 ...
PMID:Overview of clinical trials with urapidil. 266 12

The arginine vasopressin (AVP) release in response to repeated hypotension caused by intravenous (i.v.) infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or haemorrhage was studied in conscious euhydrated sheep. Parallel determinations of renal excretion and plasma concentration of AVP were made in experiments involving two consecutive 10-min i.v. infusions of SNP (about 35 micrograms kg-1 min-1) with a 3-h interval between and repeated the next day. The AVP response to the second SNP administration was significantly reduced, but partial recovery was observed in response to the initial infusion the next day. Maximal fall in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and its recovery pattern did not differ in response to any of the four SNP infusions. In contrast, impaired recovery of the MABP together with markedly reduced AVP response was seen as a consequence of a hypotensive haemorrhage repeated after 3 h, but not when the interval between haemorrhages was extended to 24 h. The haemorrhage-induced increase in plasma renin activity was not affected by variations in the interval between experiments. It is concluded that the massive AVP liberation normally seen as an effect of acute isovolaemic hypotension becomes markedly reduced upon a renewed fall in the MABP occurring within 3 h. An iteration of hypotensive haemorrhage accentuates this fatigue of the hormonal response, which may contribute to the impaired recovery of the MABP.
 ...
PMID:Repeated hypotension induced by nitroprusside and haemorrhage in sheep: effects on vasopressin release and recovery of arterial blood pressure. 268 62

The antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of the 5HT2-receptor antagonist ketanserin was investigated in 188 patients aged 41 to 82 years with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Ketanserin was given as monotherapy (n = 107) as well as in combination with either the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride (n = 42) or the betablocker atenolol (n = 39) for 12 weeks. Compared to placebo, ketanserin lowered systolic blood pressure by 11 +/- 16 (SD), 9 +/- 13 and 9 +/- 11 mm Hg (p less than 0.01 for all) and diastolic blood pressure by 9 +/- 10, 10 +/- 9 and 7 +/- 9 mm Hg (p less than 0.001 for all), in the three treatment groups; body weight, serum sodium, potassium, uric acid, cholesterol and triglycerides remained unchanged. The incidence of withdrawals due to unwanted effects was 4% on ketanserin monotherapy, and 12% and 10% on the diuretic/ketanserin and the betablocker/ketanserin combination respectively. Well-being during ketanserin therapy was improved in the older patients in particular; sleep disturbances, daytime fatigue and overall weakness decreased. Ketanserin was well tolerated in combination with the diuretic, whereas in combination with the betablocker the occurrence of dry mouth and stuffy nose was slightly higher. - Ketanserin proved to be an effective antihypertensive drug comparable to other blood pressure lowering agents. It can be combined advantageously with a potassium sparing diuretic or a betablocker. The greater efficacy and tolerability in patients greater than or equal to 60 years qualify ketanserin primarily as an antihypertensive agent for older patients.
 ...
PMID:[Blood pressure lowering action and tolerance of ketanserin in mono- or combination therapy]. 271 Nov 55

Two cases of miliary tuberculosis with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) were reported. Case 1. A 70-year-old woman suffering from general fatigue and appetite loss developed neck stiffness and stupor three days after admission. The chest X-ray film showed a miliary pattern in both lungs. The lumber puncture showed high pressure and increased leucocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid. Serum natrium concentration was 113 mEq/L. Tubercle bacilli were seen in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid by the Ziehl-Nielsen staining. An improvement in electrolytes balance was produced by 2.5% NaCl and antituberculous treatment, then her mental function recovered. Case 2. A 71-year-old man was admitted with gastric ulcer. When he developed dry cough thirty days after admission, the chest X-ray film showed a miliary pattern in both lungs. Acute respiratory failure advanced concomitantly. Tubercle bacilli were seen in the sputum (Gaffky 5) by the Ziehl-Nielsen staining. Antituberculous treatment was started. Although the miliary shadow improved gradually, hyponatremia was rather progressing. The following values for serum constituents were determined: sodium, 118 mEq/L; antidiuretic hormone, 10.3 pg/ml. Antituberculous treatment and supplement of NaCl (10 g/day) improved serum natrium level. He had no mental disturbance in his clinical course. In both cases, thyroid, renal and adrenal function were normal. Systemic edema and dehydration did not exist at the state of hyponatremia, and it was very clear that laboratory data were compatible with SIADH criteria. Miliary tuberculosis is one of the least commonly recognized causes of SIADH.
 ...
PMID:[Two cases of miliary tuberculosis with SIADH]. 279 13

Experiments were performed on isolated rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of 4-week-old rats. In the soleus, direct electrical stimulation for 10 min induced a frequency-dependent increase in the ouabain-suppressible 86Rb+ uptake, which was maximal (+110%) at a frequency of 2 Hz. In the EDL this frequency only induced a 31% increase. A supramaximal concentration of adrenaline (10 mumol l-1) stimulated ouabain-suppressible 86Rb+ uptake by 80% and 27% in soleus and EDL, respectively. The combined effect of stimulation at 2 Hz and adrenaline was not significantly larger than each of the interventions alone in either of the muscles. The fractional loss of 22Na+ from soleus muscle was increased by around 50% by the exposure to adrenaline, electrical stimulation at 2 Hz or a combination of both. The effect of electrical stimulation on 22Na+ efflux was not prevented by addition of propranolol (1 or 10 mumol l-1). The results indicate that the stimulation of active Na+-K+ transport induced by adrenaline or electrical stimulation is much more pronounced in soleus (slow-twitch) muscle than in EDL (fast-twitch) muscle. Since it has been suggested that an accumulation of K+ ions in the extracellular space may play a role in the development of fatigue (Bigland-Ritchie 1984), our findings might be related to the fact that slow-twitch muscles have a much higher resistance to fatigue than fast-twitch muscles (Burke et al. 1971).
 ...
PMID:Effects of adrenaline on excitation-induced stimulation of the sodium-potassium pump in rat skeletal muscle. 285 45

The ferrihaemoglobin (HbFe3+) formation by amyl nitrite (AN) or sodium nitrite (NaNO2) was studied in different species including man, in vivo and in vitro. In in vivo studies AN was administered intravenously (i.v.), intramuscularly (i.m.), by inhalation, or orally. NaNO2 was injected i.v.. AN i.v. produced HbFe3+ much more rapidly than NaNO2 in dogs, cats, rabbits, and rats. In dogs, i.m. injection of AN was followed by a very slow linear increase in the HbFe3+ content. Inhalation of AN did not lead to HbFe3+ formation in dogs unless it was rebreathed in a closed (bag) or not completely open (gas mask) system. HbFe3+ was produced by oral AN in dogs, the effect being enhanced by addition of DMSO. Inhalation of AN by human volunteers in a gas mask and from ampoules crushed close to the nose did not induce haemoglobin oxidation to a practically significant extent, but it was associated with headache, tiredness, dizziness, and a fall in blood pressure. In in vitro studies, in contrast to NaNO2, AN produced HbFe3+ instantaneously in erythrocytes of various species and in purified human haemoglobin. AN 1 mol yielded 2 mol Fe3+. Only 20% of the oxygen released during the oxidation of haemoglobin by AN or NaNO2 was recovered. In 0.2 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 0.01 mol O2/mol AN was consumed. CO2 was released in the presence of AN, but not of NaNO2, from blood, plasma, and 0.02 M NaHCO3 solution. The ratio (lactate)/(pyruvate) decreased when HbFe3+ was formed by AN or NaNO2.
 ...
PMID:Ferrihaemoglobin formation by amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite in different species in vivo and in vitro. 290 49


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>