Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a field study comprising 678 patients with arterial hypertension efficacy and tolerance of the stable combination VKB 105 consisting of 10 mg Pindolol (Visken) and 5 mg Clopamid (Brinaldix) were investigated. Treatment with 1--2 tablets of VKB per day resulted in a successful therapy in 94% of all patients corresponding on the average to a reduction in blood pressure to 145/85 mm Hg within 14 days. In mean arterial pressures ranging between 120 and 170 mm Hg a positive linear relationship between the individual initial value and the hypotensive effect of the combination could be observed. A controlled omission trial disclosed qualitatively the respective contribution to the effect of the two components Pindolol and Clopamid. With a systematic case control of the serum potassium under the combined therapy with VKB 105 and during a monotherapy with Clopamid and antihypokalaemic effect of Pindolol could be demonstrated diminishing the tendency for potassium loss. The result revealed a far-reaching potassium neutrality of diuresis-depending stimulation of renin by the beta-receptor blocker. In 61 patients altogether subjective side-effects could be recorded, such as vertigo (5%), palpitations (2.8%), fatigue (2%), insomina (1.9%), nausea (1.7%) and vomiting (0.8%). Laboratory controls gave no indication for clinically relevant changes.
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PMID:[A field study with the combination of Pindolol and Clopamid in antihpertensive therapy (author's transl)]. 3 34

Classic renal tubular acidosis is characterized by a primary defect in establishment of a large hydrogen ion gradient across the distal renal tubule. Thus the development of hyperchlorenic metabolic acidosis follows. In addition, hypokalemia results from renal potassium wasting secondary hyperaldosteronism from sodium wasting and contraction of the extracellular fluid. The presenting signs and symptoms are growth retardation, fatigue, periodic paralysis, polyuria, polydipsia, vomiting and constipation as well as nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. It is suggested that effective treatment with alkali therapy requires markedly higher doses than formerly recommended, and may related to a higher rate of endogenous acid production from (1) intermediary metabolism of sulfur amino acids and organic acids, (2) impaired tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate and (3) hydrogen ion release from hydroxyapatite formation. It is also suggested that acidosis may interfere with vitamin D metabolism and thus play an important role in the pathoetiology of the growth failure in children with this disorder.
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PMID:Acid-base, calcium, potassium and aldosterone metabolism in renal tubular acidosis. 3 60

Synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex were impregnated in the zinc iodide--osmium (ZIO) solution. The fine structural localization of the ZIO impregnation product was studied and, in addition, the function-dependent features of the reaction were examined after electrical stimulation or potassium chloride treatment. It was revealed that: (i) Aldehyde prefixation resulted in an increase in the number of reactive synaptic vesicles in all types of synaptosomes; (ii) Electrical stimulation decreased the number of reactive vesicles in a voltage dependent manner; (iii) Potassium chloride treatment also reduced the reactivity of vesicles; the reduction was dependent on the concentration of potassium and duration of treatment; (iv) Experimental interventions leading to the release of neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicles and to fatigue of the nerve terminals also resulted in a decrease of the ZIO-reaction product of synaptic vesicles in a manner proportional to the strength of stimuli.
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PMID:Studies on the fine structural localization of zinc iodide-osmium reaction in the brain. III. Some characteristics of localization in the synaptosomes. 34 39

It is classically considered that cochlear fatigue and acoustic trauma occur when intensity is such that the ear is saturated, i.e. when the microphonic potential fails to increase in a linear fashion in relation to intensity and when distorsion appears. The present report concerns a study in the guinea pig of the relationship between the non-linearity of microphonic responses, and their fatigability. The results show that fatigability is related not only to non-linearity but also to the asymmetry of responses. The asymmetry of microphonic responses may be interpreted as reflecting an asymmetrical ionic flow at the upper pole of hair cells, resulting in an accumulation of potassium ions within and around hair cells and thereby creating a depression of responses.
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PMID:[Relationship between cochlear fatigue and the asymmetrical non-linearity of microphonic responses in the guinea pig (author's transl)]. 53 88

In a prospective study on digitalis intoxication, low serum magnesium was found in 90 patients, while 388 patients had values above 1.5 mEq/l. Hypomagnesemia was more frequent in women than in men, in those with low body weight and in those with advanced heart failure. More patients with hypomagnesemia than those without had nausea, anorexia, fatigue, flickering of vision and atrial tachycardia with block. Patients with hypomagnesemia also had lower serum potassium than normomagnesemic patients. There was, however, no significant difference in the prevalence of digitalis intoxication or in serum digitoxin concentration. Nor was there any correlation between serum digitoxin and serum magnesium levels.
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PMID:Studies on digitalis. XIV. Is there any correlation between hypomagnesemia and digitalis intoxication? 59 44

Strips of beef coronary branch arteries, maintained in vitro, respond to decreased PO2 in the bathing medium with relaxations which are much attenuated by pretreatment with indomethacin or aspirin. It was determined that these hypoxia-induced relaxations are sustained until strips are returned to an environment of high PO2 and that the mechanism involved does not fatigue readily with repetitive exposure to hypoxic stress (53 mm Hg). It was also established that the reduced relaxations observed in the presence of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis were not enlarged with time by the development of an alternate process of relaxation independent of prostaglandins. Other experiments showed that when prostaglandin intervention is blocked with inhibitors the strips maintain a given level of tone to potassium chloride under a PO2 of 53 mm Hg, and do so without significant impairment over an observation period of one hour. Similarly, complete concentration-response curves to potassium did not differ under high (515 mm Hg) or low (53 mm Hg) PO2. This confirms that hypoxia-induced relaxation in beef coronary artery strips is a specific process, apparently mediated by a prostaglandin, rather than any consequence of the failure of the energetics of contraction.
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PMID:Prostaglandin mediated relaxation of coronary artery strips under hypoxia. 71 62

In 1148 cases the serum digoxin concentration (SDC) was correlated with the extracardiac signs of digitalis intoxication. There is a considerably overlap of SDC levels of patients with and without extracardiac signs of toxicity even though the mean SDC's of these two groups differ significantly. An increasing percentage of clinical intoxicated patients with increasing SDC levels was found at digoxin concentrations of 2.0 ng/ml and higher. At lower SDC levels patients with and without extracardiac signs of digitalis intoxication did not differ significantly in their mean SDC but in mean age and in mean creatinine concentration indicating that at least part of the symptoms in these patients might be due to a more severe illness. We could show that many of the extracardiac signs of digitalis intoxication are also seen in patients with impaired kidney function at low SDC levels and may lead to a wrong diagnosis. The most common complaint in patients with SDC's of 2.0 ng/ml and more is nausea (39.4%), followed by tiredness (30.4%), dizzyness (23.7%), vomiting (23.1%), headache (16.0%), visual disturbances (13,5%), colour (yellow) seeing (6;7%), diarrhea (4.2%) and severe neuro-psychiatric disturbances (3.8%). In patients with digitalis-induced arrhythmias the sequence of symptoms is the same only with a somewhat higher percentage rate. Only about one half of the patients with digitalis-induced arrhythmias and SDC values up to 2.5 ng/ml showed also extracardiac signs of intoxication. Therefore these signs are not to be taken as early symptoms of digitalis intoxication. Divided into subgroups (patients with/without digitalis-induced arrhythmias, patients with SDC values of more/less than 2.0 ng/ml) the patients with and without extracardiac signs of digitalis toxicity are compared with each other in regard to: mean body height and weight, concentration of digoxin, potassium and creatinine, digoxin dosage and mean age. The greatest differences were found between patients with combined cardiac and extracardiac signs of intoxication and patients with neither cardiac nor extracardiac signs of intoxication: These intoxicated patients are of significantly higher mean age and lower body weight, their mean concentration of digoxin and creatinine and the digoxin dosage administered are significantly greater, but there is no significant difference in potassium concentration. An important group of patients, namely the elderly with impaired kidney function, are especially prone to develop digitalis intoxication. In this group, however, the extracardial symptoms are of little benefit in the diagnosis of digitalis intoxication. In these patients rhythm disturbances and intoxication-like symptoms are frequently caused by other reasons. In most cases the SDC value can clarify the diagnosis without withdrawal of the drug.
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PMID:[Digitalis intoxication: specifity and significance of cardiac and extracardiac symptoms. part II. Patients with extracardiac symptoms of digitalis intoxications (author's transl)]. 85 53

In aerial combat maneuvers (ACMs), at Luke AFB, Az, eight pilots flew their two F-15 aircraft against nine pilots in three F-106 aircraft. A total of nine flights, consisting of 23 ACMs, were accomplished in 5 successive days. The degrees of fatigue, stress, and sympathetic activity were quantified using both subjective analyses and the biochemical constituents in the urine of the pilots of the F-15 or F-106. Biochemical indicators, reported per 100 mg creatinine, included: epinephrine, norepinephrine, 17-OHCS, urea, inorganic phosphate, sodium, potassium, and sodium/potassium ratio. The F-106 pilots exerted more relative effort than did the F-15 pilots--effort which appeared to be associated with high-G experience. Both groups of pilots were equally fatigued following ACMs; however, only the fatigue of the F-106 pilots was directly correlated with the length of the ACM. Sympathetic and stress responses during the ACM--similar for both groups of pilots--showed postflight increases of 54% in epinephrine, 19% in norepinephrine, and 20% in 17-OHCS over preflight values, thus suggesting a moderate stress response. Resting levels of these same indicators, for days the pilots did not fly and for pre-ACM values, were similar but higher than control values previously reported for other stressful activities. By late afternoon, postflight values for these indicators had returned to near-preflight levels.
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PMID:Stress responses of pilots flying high-performance aircraft during aerial combat maneuvers. 87 Dec 90

Multiple serum chemical values were examined in 92 patients with chronic glaucoma who were treated with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) acetazolamide or methazolamide, seeking relationships between serum composition and symptomatic side effects. Of the 92 patients, 44 complained of a symptom-complex of malaise, fatigue, weight loss, depression, anorexia, and loss of libido, which we have found most commonly to threaten continuation of therapy. Patients who had this symptom complex were significantly more acidotic than those without it. Ten of 24 patients who had chemical evidence of excessive acidosis reported a dramatic alleviation of symptoms when sodium bicarbonate was administered, although their serum CO2-combining power changed little. There was no correlation of the symptom complex with serum potassium concentration, except in a few patients who were simultaneously receiving chlorothiazide diuretics for systemic hypertension and who became frankly hypokalemic.
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PMID:Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor side effects. Serum chemical analysis. 88 13

A 29-year-old man had a six-month history of fatigue and hypokalemia. Gastrointestinal losses of potassium were not judged significant. The patient denied ingestion of licorice, large quantities of laxatives, or diuretics. Clinical and laboratory findings were consistent with Bartter's syndrome in the adult. Normal blood pressure, hypokalemic alkalosis, and hyperaldosteronism, with insensitivity to the pressor effect of angiotensin infusion, were present. Another major finding in Bartter's syndrome, juxtaglomerular hyperplasia, was not demonstrated because plans for renal biopsy were cancelled when thiazide was detected in the urine, utilizing chemical extraction and spectrophotometry. Surreptitious ingestion of diuretics must be excluded in any adult patient in whom a diagnosis of Bartter's syndrome is considered.
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PMID:Factitious Bartter's syndrome. 90 Oct 95


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