Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An analysis of reported symptoms and their relationship with indicators of lead absorption--blood lead (Pb-B) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP)--and of arsenic absorption--urinary arsenic (As-U)--was undertaken among 680 active copper smelter workers. Lead and arsenic absorption in the copper smelter employees were characterized by the median values of 30.4 micrograms/dl for Pb-B, 41.5 micrograms/dl for ZPP, and 26 micrograms/L for As-U. Blood lead was 40 micrograms/dl or higher in 16.7% of cases, ZPP was 50 micrograms/dl or higher in 31.2%, and urinary arsenic was 50 micrograms/L or higher in 16.4% of currently active copper smelter workers. The number of reported symptoms (from a total of 14 symptoms) increased with ZPP levels; the relationship with Pb-B was less marked. Arsenic contributed relatively little. Mean Pb-B, ZPP, and As-U levels for subjects reporting each of the 14 symptoms were compared with those of subjects who did not report the symptoms. Mean Pb-B was found to differ significantly for one symptom, fatigue. Significant differences in mean ZPP levels were found for fatigue, sleep disturbances, weakness, paresthesia, and joint pain. Prevalence rates for these symptoms rose more markedly with increasing ZPP than with Pb-B levels. The results indicate a relationship between certain CNS and musculo-skeletal symptoms and increased lead absorption in this population. Adherence to exposure standards that preclude undue lead absorption and appropriate biological monitoring including ZPP levels, are necessary to prevent adverse, especially long-term, health effects.
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PMID:Effects of low-level lead and arsenic exposure on copper smelter workers. 387 20

The central activity of ketotifen ( Zaditen ), a benzocycloheptathiophene derivative for use in the prophylaxis of asthma, was determined by quantitative pharmaco-EEG in 7 healthy volunteers in a single-blind trial. During the 1st week of the trial, placebo was given twice daily followed by ketotifen 1 mg twice daily for 3 weeks. Placebo was again given for a further week. 15-min resting EEGs were taken immediately before and 3 and 6 h after medication on 8 defined days during the study, and the subjects were asked for side effects. Lead O2-Cz was analyzed by spectral analysis, and the relative power of the delta, theta, and fast and slow alpha bands as well as the dominant alpha frequency were calculated. The mean of each of these parameters was calculated per subject for each of the three measurements on each study day and compared with the baseline by means of one-way analysis of variance. A statistically significant slowing of the dominant alpha frequency, a decrease of the relative power of the fast alpha activity, and an increase of the relative power of the theta rhythm were found. These effects, indicative of a mild sedation, were highest during the 1st week of treatment with ketotifen, with a peak at the 3rd day, and gradually decreased thereafter. In contrast to the sensitive pharmaco-EEG method, none of the subjects complained of sedation or tiredness while taking ketotifen.
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PMID:Correlation between EEG changes indicative of sedation and subjective responses. 667 78

To evaluate the effect of long-term exposure to heavy metals on skeletal muscle, chronic subcutaneous injections for 7 days of two level treatments (low dose, 0.1 mg/kg and high dose, 1 mg/kg) of lead acetate were investigated. Comparative analyses of in situ dorsiflexor muscle isometric contractile characteristics were studied in urethane-anesthetized (2 mg/g, i.p.) control and lead-exposed male mice. Control muscle-twitch tension reached an average of 1.81 +/- 0.06 g. Chronic lead (Pb2+) treatments did not affect muscle contractile speed, but reduced significantly the twitch tension in both high and low doses when compared to control animals. This effect was in a dose-dependent manner; 1.21 +/- 0.07 g for low dose and 0.90 +/- 0.05 g for high dose. These chronic Pb2+ treatments accelerated muscle fatigue after 250 stimuli (25 Hz for 10 sec) in both the low and high doses equally. However, marked elevation in tetanic (25 Hz) specific tension were observed in the high-dose, chronically treated animals, indicating some changes in contractile apparatus function. The high dose of chronic Pb2+ treatment induced ultrastructural changes, including reduced number of synaptic vesicles, disruption of mitochondria and increased number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and myelin-like figures in the intramuscular axons and neuromuscular junctions. Chronic Pb2+ treatment caused extensive disruption of the sarcoplasmic mitochondria and increased the number of myelin-like figures in the muscle. These results suggest that exposure to Pb2+ at a low concentration can compromise the in situ skeletal muscle isometric contraction.
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PMID:Lead alters structure and function of mouse flexor muscle. 873 87

Young adult male Wistar rats were treated, by gavage, with 80 or 320 mg/kg Pb2+ (lead acetate), 0.4 or 1.6 mg/kg Hg2+ (mercuric chloride) or both by combining the lower doses. For combination with alcohol, ethanol was added to the rats' drinking water in 5 v/v %. After 12 weeks of treatment, electrophysiological recording was made from the somatosensory cortex in urethane anaesthesia. Evoked potentials obtained by stimulation of the whiskers were recorded. Both metals, and alcohol alone, increased significantly the latency of the evoked response. Alcohol seemed to abolish the effect of Pb, but not of Hg. Fatigue, calculated form the response amplitude, was increased by Pb and Hg treatment and this effect of Hg was reduced by ethanol. Evoked activity and its dynamic characteristics were sensitive to the complex neurotoxic effect induced in the rats and can provide a basis for developing functional markers.
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PMID:Subchronic heavy metal and alcohol treatment in rats: changes in the somatosensory evoked cortical activity. 1789 83

A 29-year-old man, who recently emigrated from India, presented with a 2-week history of abdominal pain, as well as nausea, constipation, and fatigue. He underwent removal of a parathyroid adenoma 6 weeks prior to admission and received a locally made Indian traditional medicine (Ayurveda) for pain control; however, this information was not initially available. He was instructed to take approximately 15 g/day. Initial evaluation revealed a normocytic anemia, but other workup including imaging and endoscopy was unrevealing. Given his recent use of Ayurvedic medicines, we tested for lead poisoning and found a blood lead level of 72 mcg/dl. We sent his medicine for analysis and found it had a high lead concentration of 36,000 mcg/g, which is over 25,000 times the maximum daily dose. He improved with cessation of the medicine and treatment with succimer. Lead poisoning can present with a variety of nonspecific signs and symptoms, including abdominal pain and anemia. Ayurvedic medicines, as well as traditional medicines from other cultures, may be a source of lead or other heavy metals. It is essential for physicians to be aware of adverse effects of Ayurvedic medicines as they are easily available and increasing in popularity.
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PMID:Buyers beware: lead poisoning due to Ayurvedic medicine. 2247 53

Cadmium and lead are toxic metals occurring in the environment naturally and from anthropogenic activities and can lead to chemical contamination of products entering in the human food chain. The consumption of polluted food is the main source of lead and cadmium intake in the non-smoking population. Lead is a heavy metal that can affect different organs and systems in humans including the peripheral and central nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract, muscles, kidneys, and the hemopoetic system. Neurological symptoms can range from fatigue, headache, and lethargy to peripheral neuropathy, severe convulsions, encephalopathy, and even coma. The direct neurotoxic actions of lead include apoptosis, excitotoxicity. Lead has been associated with impaired neurobehavioral functioning in children, decrements in intelligence quotient (IQ) while the critical effect of long-term exposure to cadmium is renal tubular dysfunction, which is irreversible; chronic renal failure is the final and severe endpoint. Cadmium is able to induce bone damage (Itai-ltai). The body burden of cadmium and lead depends mostly on the dietary intake of these elements. This paper aims to present a brief overview of cadmium and lead contents present in foodstuffs from different countries and the estimated dietary intake of cadmium and lead through food consumption. It has been shown that in some countries the concentrations of cadmium and lead contained in foodstuffs are higher than normal therefore the health of the people consuming them is in danger.
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PMID:Estimation of dietary intake of cadmium and lead through food consumption. 2307 63

Lead thrombosis is a recognized complication of permanent transvenous pacemaker (PM) implantation. We present the interesting case of an adolescent with a dual-chamber PM presenting with fatigue and hypoxemia. Due to limitations of various imaging modalities, the diagnosis was difficult. She was eventually diagnosed with intracardiac PM lead thrombi obstructing tricuspid valve inflow. The pediatric literature on PM lead thrombosis is also briefly reviewed.
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PMID:Pacemaker-associated cyanosis in an adolescent: The answer hiding behind shadows. 2372 Jun 93

Lead poisoning is a medical condition caused by increased levels of lead in the body. Routes of exposure include contaminated air, water, soil, food and consumer products. Occupational exposure is the main cause of lead poisoning in the adults. Two cases of occupational lead poisoning in adult battery workers are hereby presented. Both male patients had initial non-specific symptoms of intermittent abdominal pain, fatigue and headache for 6 - 8 years. Later on, they developed psychosis, slurred speech, tremors of hands and initially underwent treatment for Parkinsonism and Wilson's disease because of clinical misdiagnosis. They were diagnosed with lead poisoning later and were treated successfully with lead chelator (CaNa2 EDTA).
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PMID:Lead toxicity in battery workers. 2551 4

Lead toxicity in adults is characterized by nonspecific symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, fatigue, and weight loss. We present a case of severe lead toxicity that developed subacutely, causing quadriparesis 9 years after a gunshot wound with retained bullet fragments. The onset of symptoms may have been related to the development of a pseudocyst. The long interval between the gunshot wound and the onset of symptoms contributed to a delay in suspecting that the retained bullet was a source of lead toxicity. The patient's symptoms gradually improved after chelation therapy, removal of the bullet fragment, and an extended program of acute inpatient rehabilitation.
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PMID:Quadriparesis Caused by Lead Poisoning Nine Years After a Gunshot Wound With Retained Bullet Fragments: A Case Report. 2772 Oct 3

Our first case is an 84-year-old female diagnosed with sick sinus syndrome. She underwent implantation of dual chamber permanent pacemaker without complications. On the 8th day status-postimplantation, she returned to the emergency department (ED) with moderately severe left anterior chest pain and significant ecchymosis. She was given an initial diagnosis of shingles and discharged. Two days later, she returned to the ED with increasing chest pain, dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting. Lead migration and cardiac perforation was confirmed by chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT), respectively. She was taken to the operating room (OR) for lead repositioning, and she was discharged the next day. Our second case is a 64-year-old female with a diagnosis of 2:1 high-grade third-degree atrioventricular block. A dual chamber permanent pacemaker system was implanted without initial complication. Five days after implantation, she presented to the ED following an episode of syncope due to hypotension (67/46), shortness of breath, left flank pain, and fatigue. The initial diagnosis was sepsis. A chest CT was obtained, noting lead perforation and hemothorax. The patient was taken to the OR for lead repositioning.
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PMID:Delayed pacemaker lead perforations: Why unusual presentations should prompt an early multidisciplinary team approach. 2838 60


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