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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Slow-twitch, oxidative skeletal muscles in SHR exhibit several physiological defects, including a reduced ability to maintain force during high frequency repetitive stimulation (1). Muscle fatigue may be produced by one of a variety of factors acting at different levels of the neuromuscular system. Several lines of evidence, however, suggest that SHR soleus fatigues more rapidly than WKY soleus because SHR muscles allow more K+ to accumulate in the extracellular space during repetitive muscle activity. An increase in extracellular K+ can lead to a failure in the generation or conduction of muscle action potentials. Comparison of the compound action potentials recorded from SHR and WKY muscles during repetitive stimulation provided evidence for a decrease in excitability of SHR soleus. Since the K+ released from muscle fibers during exercise is returned to the fiber principally via the activity of the Na+, K+ pump, the increase in extracellular K+ in SHR muscle may reflect a decrease in pump capacity. Measurements including intracellular K+ and Na+ content at rest, the level of hyperpolarization produced by the addition of epinephrine and insulin to SHR soleus and the post-exercise recovery of resting membrane potentials all appear to indicate that Na+, K+ pump capacity is reduced in SHR soleus muscles. Nonetheless, ouabain binding studies show a significantly greater number of pump sites in SHR muscles. The data suggest that Na+ pump activity is decreased in SHR soleus muscles without an apparent reduction in either the number of pump sites or in pump binding affinity.
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PMID:Apparent upregulation of Na+,K+ pump sites in SHR skeletal muscle with reduced transport capacity. 166 34

Congenital malformations are the leading cause of the increased perinatal mortality in the infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers. The mechanisms(s) of diabetic teratologic development has yet to be defined. Hyperglycemia is known to depress aerobic metabolism in many organisms and cell lines. Reid hypothesized that exposure to hyperglycemia could result in decreased mitochondrial biogenesis in embryonic cells. Should these cells suddenly be changed to an environment of lower glucose concentration, decreased energy capabilities would exist until sufficient numbers of mitochondria could be regenerated. Such cells may not be capable of meeting temporal-spatial requirements, thereby resulting in structural abnormalities. In our study the explanted rat embryo model demonstrated that in the head-fold region hyperglycemia produced morphologic alterations of mitochondria but no difference in the number of mitochondria per cell. Specifically, embryos cultured in euglycemia demonstrated orthodox mitochondrial configuration, whereas those cultured in hyperglycemia had mitochondria in a condensed configuration. These findings were reversible. A modification of Reid's original hypothesis may provide an explanation for the mechanism of diabetic teratologic development.
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PMID:Effects of hyperglycemia on mitochondrial morphology in the region of the anterior neuropore in the explanted rat embryo model: evidence for a modified Reid hypothesis as a mechanism for diabetic teratogenesis. 175 Apr 57

Radiographs and clinical records of 61 patients with calcaneal fractures were studied. Twenty-one patients had diabetes mellitus, and 40 were nondiabetic. All diabetic patients were insulin dependent for more than 5 years and had clinically evident peripheral neuropathy. Eighteen of the diabetic patients had no history of significant trauma. Fourteen had calcaneal insufficiency avulsion (CIA) fractures limited to the posterior third of the calcaneus. The fracture pattern in this group occurred in the same plane as a fatigue-type calcaneal fracture. Fragments of the posterior tuberosity were usually displaced 10-30 mm and were frequently rotated. The mean time from diagnosis of diabetes mellitus to CIA fracture was 20 years. Fractures in the nondiabetic group and in the three diabetic patients with a history of trauma did not resemble the CIA pattern. In the nondiabetic group, there were no insufficiency fractures; 39 fractures occurred with significant force (eg, motor vehicle accident or fall from height), and 33 had extension to subtalar or calcaneocuboid joints.
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PMID:Calcaneal insufficiency avulsion fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus. 187 Dec 85

Using the mixed type musculus latissimus dorsi of the dog in the present work, we show the effect of carnitine on an in situ fatigue test. L-Carnitine appears to improve force of this muscle by 34% while stimulated in situ. This effect of carnitine is acute and (stereo)specific, since neither D-carnitine nor the structural analogue choline (also a tertiary amine) has a positive effect on contractile force. Because skeletal muscle is rich in carnitine and because carnitine transport is slow, its effect must be exerted outside the striated muscle cells. Insulin (with glucose) administration abolished the carnitine effect. It is speculated that facilitation of fatty acid oxidation in the blood vessel wall is the basis for this positive effect of carnitine.
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PMID:Acute effect of L-carnitine on skeletal muscle force tests in dogs. 199 22

Two and a half years after manifestation of treatment-refractory lipoatrophic diabetes a 16-year-old girl had blood-sugar levels of about 500 mg/dl and hypertriglyceridaemia with fasting levels of about 3000 mg/dl, while there was no increase in ketone bodies. All the clinical, histological and radiological findings were those of generalized fatty tissue atrophy. In addition, she had marked axillary and periorbital acanthosis nigricans. Main symptoms were fatigue, weakness and excessive appetite. Intravenous insulin of at first 1200 IU daily reduced blood-sugar levels to normal. A good metabolic state was maintained by intensive insulin treatment with four intramuscular injections daily. On a dosage of 600-700 IU daily the HbA1 value dropped from 16.7% to 7.8%, triglyceride concentration to 300-400 mg/dl. The symptoms also regressed with normalization of the metabolic state.
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PMID:[Successful insulin therapy in lipoatrophic diabetes]. 200 87

In order to examine whether there are sex-differences in the response of energy balance to physical training slightly obese men and women participated in the same 3 months physical training program with the same individual relative intensity. The men became somewhat lighter (-2 kg) and leaner (-2.9 kg body fat) and showed decreases in sum of insulin and sum of C-peptide values during an oral glucose tolerance test as well as cholesterol values. The women showed decrease of 2.6 kg body fat, and also increased lean body mass (1.9 kg) and similar metabolic changes. The women had, however, a larger body fat mass at the outset. When women with similar body fat mass as that of men were analysed separately, no change in body weight or body fat had occurred, and the metabolic adaptations were less pronounced. No compensatory increase of energy intake could be discovered in any of the groups, the most obese women actually showed a decrease. Taken together with previous information these results suggest that men, like male rats, become leaner during physical training due to a lack of energy intake compensation. Women with similar body fat mass, however, like female rats, may react with such a compensation, causing a protection of their body fat. Women usually have more body fat than men, however. Obese women in this study showed a decrease of body fat.
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PMID:The effects of exercise, training on body composition and metabolism in men and women. 201 Feb 62

Skeletal muscle, liver and heart glycogen variations, induced by swimming in thermal water (at 35 degrees C) as a model of physical exercise for clinical use, were studied. Muscle and liver glycogen moderately decreases after a 30-min period of swimming and comes near to depletion after 60 min. Heart glycogen decreases only slightly after 60 min. Blood glucose and plasma insulin decrease only after 60 min of swimming. A 30-min swim in thermal water, cooled to 25 degrees C, depletes muscle and liver glycogen and slightly decreases heart glycogen. Under these conditions, plasma insulin decreases and hypoglycemia occurs. The results seem to indicate some advantages of swimming in hot thermal water in order to prevent glycogen store depletion as the physiological prerequisite for a physical exercise of clinical interest to obtain therapeutical benefits, avoiding premature fatigue and exhaustion.
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PMID:Effect of swimming in thermal water on skeletal muscle, liver and heart glycogen. 213 67

Squash is a moderate- to high-intensity intermittent exercise. Players are active 50 to 70% of the playing time. 80% of the time, the ball is in play 10 seconds or less. The rest intervals fit a normal distribution with an average duration of 8 seconds. Heart rate increases rapidly in the first minutes of play and remains stable at approximately 160 beats/min for the whole match no matter what levels the players are. The energy expenditure for medium-skilled players is approximately 2850 kJ/h and over 3000 kJ/h for A grade players. The thermal and metabolic response to squash is similar to that of moderate intensity running. Hyperglycaemia, elevated free fatty acids and growth hormone levels, and low serum insulin values are the common metabolic changes. Blood lactate levels are understandably low due to the very short work to rest pattern of play. Injuries are not frequent in squash but they can occur. Serious eye injuries have been documented and as a result protective equipment is highly recommended. To reduce the possibility of sudden death on the court or after the game, older players that present some risk factors for cardiovascular disease should be warned against smoking after the game and informed of the serious implications of the development of chest pain, or undue tiredness before, during or after squash.
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PMID:Applied physiology of squash. 219 98

The reported effects of diabetes on quality of life have been assessed in two groups of attenders at out-patient clinics: 1. One hundred and twenty-one non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients randomly allocated to diet, tablet or ultralente insulin therapy; 2. Fifty-seven patients with insulin-dependent diabetes consecutively attending an out-patient clinic. The overall picture for those with non-insulin-dependent diabetes was of relatively little disruption to most areas of life, but 27% reported considerable loss of enjoyment and reduction in social life. High fasting plasma glucose was significantly associated with fatigue and leisure difficulties. The type of therapy, tablet, diet or insulin, made little difference to psychological, social or attitude variables. Those with insulin dependent diabetes showed similar psychological morbidity, but described a rather different pattern of social consequences with more effects on work and less on leisure.
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PMID:Quality of life in non-insulin-dependent diabetes and a comparison with insulin-dependent diabetes. 231 7

The metabolic effects of the anti-fungal drug fluconazole were investigated in 18 women, 10 of whom were taking oral contraceptives, to examine whether this steroid antagonist has any effects primarily on hormone systems. The women, aged 29-40, took 50 mg fluconazole orally from Day 1 of their menstrual cycle for 21-28 days. Subjects kept a symptom diary, were tested weekly for hematological and liver function, and were checked for compliance by analyzing blood for drug by GLC. 5 women reported side effects: somnolence, dizziness, fatigue, increased appetite, headache (1) and nausea (1). No effects on liver function or menses were noted. The only significant findings were increases in serum thyroxine and testosterone in fluconazole-only subjects, and increases in insulin and apo-lipoprotein B in fluconazole-oral contraceptive subjects. Pills containing levonorgestrel were used by 9 women, desogestrel by 1. No significant differences were seen in estradiol, progesterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin, thyroid function, cortisol, glucose, C-peptide, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins. Thus it is unlikely that the short-term use of fluconazole for treatment of superficial mycoses, such as vulvovaginal candidiasis, will adversely affect steroid metabolism in women.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of low-dose fluconazole in healthy female users and non-users of oral contraceptives. 254 10


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