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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a young female case of alcoholic liver injury accompanied with various metabolic and endocrinological disorders. A 29 year-old woman was admitted because of general fatigue and hyperlipidemia. She was a heavy drinker. Laboratory data on admission revealed liver dysfunction and hyperlipidemia (type II b) with a quite high serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma GTP) level. The microscopic finding of the liver biopsy specimen showed fatty metamorphosis and ballooning of hepatocytes, and she was diagnosed as heavy alcoholic liver injury. The endocrinological examination revealed the elevated plasma cortisol level, though the urinary 17-hydroxycorticoids (17-OHCS) and 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) excretion and the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level were reduced. Cortisol secretion showed the normal circadian rhythm and the normal response to ACTH provocation. The levels of plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were also reduced. These endocrinological and metabolic disorders were normalized in company with recovery of the liver function by temperance, diet therapy and nutritional education. Thus, these abnormalities were considered to be resulted from the alcoholic liver injury and the effect of the ethanol to the hypothalamic-pituitary system.
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PMID:[Alcoholic liver injury accompanied with various metabolic and endocrinological disorders--a case report]. 822 58

Six subjects participated in a residential study assessing the effects of consuming beverages containing energy derived from ethanol or dextrose on total energy and macronutrient intake. On certain days, subjects had to consume four beverages containing a total of approximately 2400 or 4600 kJ, equivalent to 22% and 42% of energy intake under conditions in which no-beverages were required. Each of four conditions (2400 kJ ethanol, dextrose; 4600 kJ ethanol, dextrose), and a no-beverage control condition was examined for 2 days. Subjects compensated for approximately 37% of the energy contained in the beverages such that total intake increased by 13% under the 2400 kJ conditions and 27% under the 4600 kJ conditions. There was no differential effect of ethanol content on energy intake. Cumulative intake curves indicated that caloric compensation was minimal following the consumption of beverages in the evening. While all of the beverage conditions significantly decreased energy intake derived from carbohydrate, the proportion of energy derived from fat, carbohydrate, and protein without the energy content of the beverages was essentially unaffected by dextrose- or ethanol-containing beverages. These results suggest that the effects of ethanol on intake of other foods can be accounted for by the energy content of ethanol as a beverage and by ethanol consumption in the evening when there is little time for daily caloric compensation, rather than by the pharmacological effects of ethanol.
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PMID:Ethanol as an energy source in humans: comparison with dextrose-containing beverages. 850 71

Subjective and electroencephalographic reactions to cocaine cues were evaluated in 33 cocaine-dependent out-patients and 17 non-cocaine-dependent controls. Subjective, EEG, and autonomic reactions to three 5-min videos (cocaine-associated, erotic, neutral) were evaluated twice with an interpolated 1-week interval. Between evaluations, cocaine-dependent patients received carbamazepine 400 mg daily or matching placebo in double-blind fashion. In all three groups the cocaine-associated and erotic videos produced a comparable increase in the self-rated desire for cocaine and reduction in total EG power. Carbamazepine treatment increased EEG fast alpha power and self-rated fatigue, and decreased self-rated concentration and vigor. However, it had no specific effect on subjective or physiological reactivity to either the cocaine-associated or erotic videos. This negative finding is consistent with recent clinical trials of carbamazepine for cocaine dependence.
Drug Alcohol Depend 1995 Oct
PMID:Carbamazepine and cocaine-cue reactivity. 855 70

The purpose of this study was to compare the subjective effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine, to those of the prototypic stimulant, d-amphetamine. Ten healthy volunteers attended 5 sessions and received paroxetine (10, 20, 50 mg), d-amphetamine (20 mg), and placebo. Subjective effects were measured at regular intervals for 26-30 h. Paroxetine and d-amphetamine produced highly dissimilar effects on mood. For example, whereas d-amphetamine increased ratings of euphoria, drug high, and desire for drug, paroxetine produced no effects on these measures. Conversely, whereas paroxetine increased ratings of Confusion and Fatigue, d-amphetamine did not. These findings suggest that serotonin does not play a significant role in mediating the positive subjective effects of stimulant drugs.
Drug Alcohol Depend 1995 Oct
PMID:Acute subjective responses to paroxetine in normal volunteers. 855 71

A double blind cross-over design trial was carried out to investigate the effect of simultaneous administration of alcohol (0.5 g/kg) and ritanserin (10 mg) on biological and behavioral functioning. Twenty healthy volunteers were selected to participate in the study. To assess the effect of treatments the following evaluations were performed: psychomotor tests, vital signs, intoxication, euphoria, and mood. In addition, ritanserin and alcohol plasma concentration were measured. Psychomotor performance and vital signs during the ritanserin session did not differ significantly from the placebo session. Similar results were obtained in regard to alcohol intoxication, euphoria, and mood, except for tiredness and alertness, which were significantly different compared to placebo. Differences in blood alcohol concentration between the ritanserin and the placebo sessions did not attain significance. Plasma ritanserin concentration was 143 ng/ml 1 h after alcohol administration and decayed to 53 ng/ml 6 h after alcohol consumption in the active treatment session. Our findings tend to indicate that ritanserin neither enhances the central nervous system depressant effect of alcohol nor produces a pharmacokinetic interaction during acute alcohol ingestion.
Alcohol
PMID:Single-dose ritanserin and alcohol in healthy volunteers: a placebo-controlled trial. 859 Jun 16

Alcohol consumption as a cofactor in the progression of HIV infection was examined in 1,446 homosexual and bisexual HIV + men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study who had a minimum of three visits. Two measures of drinking were employed: initial level, and pattern during the study period. Outcome measures included AIDS-related symptoms and AIDS diagnosis. Level of drinking at entry to the study was not significantly associated with either AIDS-related symptoms at final visit or with AIDS diagnosis. However, men who decreased drinking were more likely to report thrush, fatigue, weight loss, and diarrhea at their final visit. Most likely, these men decreased drinking as a result of failing health, not because their drinking pattern influenced symptom onset. These data support earlier reports that found no relationship between alcohol consumption and progression to AIDS.
Alcohol
PMID:Alcohol consumption as a cofactor in the progression of HIV infection and AIDS. 859 Jun 17

Acute ethanol (EtOH) in vivo decreases both the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and the amplitude of contractions of the smooth muscle of the lower esophageal body (LEB) in both man and cat. However, the mechanism of this inhibitory effect of EtOH is unclear. This inhibitory effect could be caused by a direct effect of EtOH on the esophagus or be secondary to known inhibitory effects of EtOH on the central nervous system. To this end, we evaluated the in vitro effect of EtOH on contractility of smooth muscle strips from both LES and LEB. Circular muscle strips from LES and LEB were isolated from cats. Changes in resting tension of LES strips and changes in stimulant-induced tension of LES or LEB strips were measured in the presence of up to five concentrations of EtOH (12.5- 100 mM). Stimulants included electric field stimulation (EFS) and carbachol. EtOH at 75 mM significantly decreased resting LES tension. EtOH also decreased maximal contractile responses to carbachol in both LES and LEB and increased the EC50 of carbachol for LES, but not LEB. EtOH also modulated EFS-induced esophageal contractility; EtOH potentiated EFS-induced "on-response relaxation" in LES and decreased EFS-induced "off-response contractions" In LEB. EtOH-induced inhibition of esophageal contractility seemed to be reversible. EtOH did not result in muscle fatigue. Thus, EtOH can directly inhibit contractility of the esophagus, and does so reversibly and at pharmacologically relevant concentrations.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1995 Dec
PMID:Ethanol inhibits contractility of esophageal smooth muscle strips. 874 2

We investigated the effects of naltrexone (NTX) on alcohol drinking, urge to drink alcohol, and alcohol-induced sensations and mood states in social drinkers consuming alcohol ad libitum in a cocktail bar. Sixteen college-age men and women participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects, cross-over study. Subjects were tested during each of three drug conditions: NTX, 50 mg/ day, po; inactive placebo; and no drug. Each treatment condition lasted 8 to 11 days. Small groups of subjects consumed alcohol ad libitum during three 2-hr evening drinking sessions, separated by approximately-2 weeks. NTX treatment significantly increased the latency (time in seconds) to first sip the first (p < 0.05) and second alcoholic beverages consumed (p < 0.01). Moreover, the mean blood alcohol concentration at the end of the session was significantly lower when subjects were treated with NTX (p < 0.05). No differences were found on self-report urge to drink alcohol. Subjects reported more fatigue and tension on the Profile of Mood States (p < 0.05), before drinking, and increases in nausea on the Alcohol Sensation Scale (p < 0.05) when treated with NTX. The increase in the latency to sip the first and second alcoholic beverages may reflect the capacity of NTX to block urge for alcohol elicited from external cues (before consuming alcohol), as well as urge for alcohol after priming from ingested alcohol. Thus, the effectiveness of NTX for reducing drinking behaviors of alcoholics may be partially caused by anticraving properties of NTX.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996 Jun
PMID:Naltrexone increases the latency to drink alcohol in social drinkers. 880 Mar 92

The anti-fatigue effect of 50% ethanol extract ([M]) from the dried whole body of Agkistrodon blomhoffii blomhoffii Boie, was investigated using an acute weight-loaded forced swimming (AWLFS) test by monitoring swimming times, blood biochemical parameters, thiobarbiturate-reactive substances (TBARS) as an index of lipid peroxide and antioxidative enzyme activities in blood and tissue. [M] (500 mg/kg/d), given orally for three successive days, significantly prolonged swimming times. It also inhibited the elevation of TBARS in plasma, liver, brain, kidney and soleus, and inhibited the lowering of catalase activity in erythrocyte, liver and soleus. However, it had no inhibitory effect on the elevation of creatine-kinase activity, free fatty acid and lactic acid levels or on the decrease in glucose level in serum. Also, it decreased the plasma TBARS level and increased the superoxide dismutase activity of plasma and erythrocytes in normal rats. From these results, it can be considered that [M] has an anti-fatigue effect.
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PMID:Pharmacological study on Agkistrodon blomhoffii blomhoffii BOIE. V. anti-fatigue effect of the 50% ethanol extract in acute weight-loaded forced swimming-treated rats. 882 Sep 13

Energy balance of female rats that were either injected daily with ethanol or received the alcohol by gavage was determined and the results compared with saline animals. Food intake, feces elimination, and body weight were recorded daily. After a 20-day period of treatment the animals were sacrificed and the energy content of the carcasses and feces was determined by bomb calorimetry. The results indicated that ethanol-injected animals underwent an impairment in the energy balance, with losses in body weight and body energy. Also, there was a decrease in metabolized energy intake. The results of a group of saline rats pair-fed to alcohol-injected rats showed that the impairment of the energy balance was not only a consequence of the decreased energy intake, because the ethanol-fed animals had an energy balance that was worse than the one of the pair-fed rats, even though both had eaten the same amount of food. Nevertheless, when alcohol was given by gavage, no alteration in the energy balance parameters was detected. Macroscopic observation of the abdominal cavity showed adherences in the gut of the alcohol-injected animals. It is concluded that the ethanol by itself does not alter the energy balance; however, depending on the route of administration it could indirectly impair the energy balance.
Alcohol
PMID:Effects of ethanol on energy balance of rats and the inappropriateness of intraperitoneal injection. 894 52


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