Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present work is a study of the effects of soft segment molecular weight and chemical structure on the fatigue crack propagation of model copoly (ether-urethane-urea)s (PEUU). The PEUU were synthesized using polypropylene glycol (PPG), polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the soft segment component. The number average molecular weights of the polyethers were within the range of 1000-2000. Methylene bis (4-phenylisocyanate) (MDI) and ethylene diamine were used as the diisocyanate and the chain extender, respectively. The cyclic loading experiments were carried out using a computerized film stretcher that can conduct sinusoidal operation at a constant strain amplitude, strain rate, and frequency. The Rivlin-Thomas tearing energy, T, and the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) rate were selected to characterize the fatigue behavior of the model polyurethanes. An empirical equation was applied to define the fatigue properties of model polyurethanes and to evaluate the fatigue resistance. To investigate the effect of molecular variables on the FCP, the morphological changes caused by structural differences and cyclic stress were determined using dynamic viscoelastometer (Rheovibron), Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Mooney-Rivlin plot was used to determine the crosslink density variation. In addition the orientation behavior at the crack tip was characterized by IR dichroism technique using a polarized FT-IR microscope. The results indicated a reasonable relationship between the FCP rates and the hard segment content, crosslink density, and deformation property at the crack tip. However, the initial stage of phase separation and domain disruption behavior did not show a good correlation with the FCP properties of model polyurethanes. Among the model polyurethanes tested, the PEUU with PTMG (Mn = 1000) exhibited the best fatigue resistance at given test condition.
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PMID:The effects of soft segment structure on the fatigue crack propagation of model polyurethanes. 795 Aug 66

Among 182 episodes with ARF (PaCO2 > 50 torr) in 400 episodes of COPD patients who were admitted to Chulalongkorn Hospital during the period 1982 to 1986, despite conservative treatment, 66 developed severe acute respiratory failure requiring assisted ventilation. Patients with a history of chronic cough, pneumonia as a precipitating factor and more severe ARF on admission, as indicated by palpitation, headache, cyanosis, alteration of consciousness, cor-pulmonale and decompensated acidosis (pH < 7.30), were likely to require mechanical ventilation. Indications for mechanical ventilation were carbon dioxide narcosis (43 episodes), severe hypoxemia despite on a high FIO2 (one episode), various combination parameters of respiratory muscle fatigue, cardiovascular instability (22 episodes). The major complications of mechanical ventilation were pneumonia, sepsis, pneumothorax, UGI bleeding of 16, 8, 5 and 9 episodes, respectively. The average duration of assisted ventilation and hospitalization were 15.8 and 19.02 days, respectively. The mortality rate was 50 per cent in the mechanical ventilation group compared with 9.8 per cent in the non-mechanical ventilation group. Increased mortality rate was found in those with pneumonia as the precipitating factor (68.4 vs 14.3%, respectively, in comparing the two groups). Complications of mechanical ventilation, which included pneumonia, sepsis, fluid overload, hyponatremia and persistent acidosis, were high-risk factors for the non-surviving group.
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PMID:Mechanical and non-mechanical ventilation of respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 822 88

The influence of increased carbohydrate intake on endurance capacity was investigated following a bout of prolonged exercise and 22.5 hrs of recovery. Sixteen male subjects were divided into two matched groups, which were then randomly assigned to either a control (C) or a carbohydrate (CHO) condition. Both groups ran at 70% VO2max on a level treadmill for 90 min or until volitional fatigue, whichever came first (T1), and 22.5 hours later they ran at the same % VO2max for as long as possible to assess endurance capacity (T2). During the recovery, the carbohydrate intake of the CHO group was increased from 5.8 (+/- 0.5) to 8.8 (+/- 0.1) g kg-1 BW. This was achieved by supplementing their normal diet with a 16.5% glucose polymer solution. An isocaloric diet was prescribed for the C group, in which additional energy was provided in the form of fat and protein. Run times over T1 did not differ between the groups. However, over T2 the run time of the C group was reduced by 15.57 min (p < 0.05), whereas those in the CHO group were able to match their T1 performance. Blood glucose remained stable throughout T1 and T2 in both groups. In contrast, blood lactate, plasma FFA, glycerol, ammonia, and urea increased. Thus, a high carbohydrate diet restored endurance capacity within 22.5 hrs whereas an isocaloric diet without additional carbohydrate did not.
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PMID:Carbohydrate intake and recovery from prolonged exercise. 850 93

Two groups of mice were fed with either hedgehog hydnum powder or extract for sixty days. For the assay of fatigue, the activity of serum lactate dehydrogenase, the serum urea nitrogen content, blood lactic acid, hepatic and muscular glycogen, and the physical stamina of the mice were determined. The activity of serum lactate dehydrogenase and the hepatic and muscular glycogen content in the experimental mice were evidently higher than that in the control mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). After exercise, the increase in blood lactic acid and serum urea nitrogen in the experimental mice was significantly lower than that in the control mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but the rate of elimination of blood lactic acid in the experimental mice was significantly higher than that in the control mice (P < 0.05). In the physical stamina swimming, the experimental mice drowned after a longer period of time than the control mice (P < 0.05). In conclusion hedgehog hydnum had a significant effect on raising physical stamina and delaying fatigue in mice.
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PMID:[Effect of hedgehog hydnum on the delay of fatigue in mice]. 875 99

At 10 centers in 7 countries, researchers conducted a clinical trial of weekly intramuscular injections of 200 mg testosterone (T) enanthate in 271 healthy fertile men, 21-45 years old, to evaluate the secondary impact of this prototype male contraceptive regimen on various physical, metabolic, and behavioral variables. They also focused on the differences between Chinese men and non-Chinese men as well as their similarities. At baseline, Chinese men were shorter, weighed less, and had lower levels of hemoglobin, plasma lipids, and liver enzymes than non-Chinese men (p 0.05). The overall leading side effects were acne (80), fatigue (22), painful injections (15), and weight gain (12). 24 men, all of whom were non-Chinese men, experienced excessive development of the male mammary glands (gynecomastia). Nine men (1 Chinese, 8 non-Chinese) had prostate problems. No man discontinued T enanthate injections for gynecomastia or prostate problems, however. T enanthate contributed to an increased body weight (by 5% at 360 days) and increased levels of hemoglobin (by 7.6% at 360 days) and creatinine while it contributed to a decrease in testicular volume (by 26.2% at 360 days) and in urea level. T enanthate appeared to have no effect on plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. It was associated with a decrease of 14-18% in HDL-cholesterol in non-Chinese men but it had no effect on HDL-cholesterol in Chinese men. T enanthate increased liver transaminase by 36-51% in Chinese men but it had no effect on these enzymes in non-Chinese men. Regardless of length of exposure to T enanthate, the T enanthate-induced changes were reversible within 6 months. These findings suggest that T enanthate produced significant but reversible metabolic and physical effects that differed between Chinese and non-Chinese men. These effects are a result of the relatively high peak levels and fluctuations of plasma T produced by the weekly injections rather than an inherent feature of hormonal male contraception.
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PMID:Effects of testosterone enanthate in normal men: experience from a multicenter contraceptive efficacy study. World Health Organization Task Force on Methods for the Regulation of Male Fertility. 877 99

In November in France, researchers compared data on 8 healthy women using combined oral contraceptives (OCs) containing ethinyl estradiol (0.03-0.05 mg/24 h, 21 days/month) and DL-norgestrel, L-norgestrel , or norethisterone with data on 8 healthy women not using OCs to assess circadian changes in a set of various variables. They obtained data from all subjects in the sitting position, both forearms lying horizontally on armchair supports, flexor surfaces up, at fixed clock hours (04:00, 09:00, 14:00, 19:00, 23:00 h) during a 48 hour span, beginning on Friday at 18:00 h and ending Sunday at 15:00 h. The data were obtained during the follicular/luteal phases only, and not during menses. The women maintained a social synchronization with a nonstrenuous diurnal activity from 07:00 to 23:00 h and a nocturnal rest. Environmental conditions were controlled (26 degrees Celsius and relative humidity of 45%). The 2 groups were similar in median age (22 years), weight (57 kg), and height (162 cm). The 24 hour mean was greater in OC users than nonusers for systolic blood pressure (104.4 vs. 101.1 mmHg; p 0.0001), heart rate (73 vs. 69.3 count/min; p 0.01), skin blood flow (295 vs. 271 arbitrary units; p 0.04), and transepidermal water loss (317 vs. 287 arbitrary units; p 0.02). It was lower in OC users than nonusers for salivary cortisol (30.7 vs. 39.3 mcg/dl; p 0.04) and skin amino acids (0.9 vs. 7.6 nmoles/sq cm; p 0.003). Even though the 24 hour mean for salivary melatonin and the peak time were similar for both groups, the peak time was only significant in nonusers (p 0.02), suggesting that OCs obliterated the circadian rhythm of melatonin. It has been suggested that OCs alter an individual's sensitivity to light and consequently the circadian rhythm of melatonin. Other documented rhythms (diastolic blood pressure, grip strength of both hands, oral temperature, self-rated fatigue, and the skin variables of urea, lactate, triglycerides, and acid phosphatase activity) were similar in both groups.
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PMID:Oral contraceptives alter circadian rhythm parameters of cortisol, melatonin, blood pressure, heart rate, skin blood flow, transepidermal water loss, and skin amino acids of healthy young women. 887 83

We refer in the present article, the first case found in our laboratory of Monoclonal gammapathy of the IgD type. A 47-year-old man presented at the emergency department with a history of malaise, lethargy, tiredness, thirstiness and obscure depositions. Clinical examination revealed a normocytic anaemia. The plasma urea was 423 mg/dl and the plasma creatinine was 15, 3 mg/dl. He was admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of acute renal failure. The later electrophoresis in serum revealed a little monoclonal band that was identified as IgD-lambda type by immunofixation electrophoresis. In urine electrophoresis was observed a beta-band. Bone marrow biopsy revealed a 20% of plasmocytic cells. Renal biopsy was compatible with myelomatose lesions. Osteolytic lesions were observed.
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PMID:[A case of monoclonal gammapathy type IgD]. 901 14

To clarify the demographic and clinicolaboratory features of postdialysis fatigue (PDF), we enrolled 85 patients on maintenance hemodialysis in a cross-sectional study using validated questionnaires and chart review. Forty-three patients complained of fatigue after dialysis. On formal testing using the Kidney Disease Questionnaire, the PDF group had statistically greater severity of fatigue and somatic complaints than the group of patients without subjective fatigue (P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). On a scale measuring intensity of fatigue (1 = least to 5 = worst), the PDF group average was 3.4 +/- 1.2. PDF subjects reported that 80% +/- 25% of dialysis treatments were followed by fatigue symptoms. In 28 (65%) of patients, the symptoms started with the first dialysis treatment. They reported needing an average of 4.8 hours of rest or sleep to overcome the fatigue symptoms (range, 0 to 24 hours). There were no significant differences between patients with and without PDF in the following parameters: age; sex; type of renal disease; presence of diabetes mellitus, heart disease (congestive, ischemic), or chronic obstructive lung disease; blood pressure response to dialysis; type or adequacy of dialysis regimen; hematocrit; electrolytes; blood urea nitrogen; creatinine; cholesterol; albumin; parathyroid hormone; ejection fraction; and use of antihistamines, benzodiazepines, and narcotics. In the fatigue group, there was significantly greater use of antihypertensive medications known to have fatigue as a side effect (P = 0.007). Depression was more common in the fatigue group by Beck Depression score (11.6 +/- 8.0 v 7.8 +/- 6.3; P = 0.02). We conclude that (1) postdialysis fatigue is a common, often incapacitating symptom in patients on chronic extracorporeal dialysis; (2) no routinely measured parameter of clinical or dialytic function appears to predict postdialysis fatigue; and (3) depression is highly associated with postdialysis fatigue, but the cause-effect relationship is unclear.
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PMID:Postdialysis fatigue. 915 12

The combination of abnormally low plasma cystine and glutamine levels, low natural killer (NK) cell activity, skeletal muscle wasting or muscle fatigue, and increased rates of urea production defines a complex of abnormalities that is tentatively called "low CG syndrome." These symptoms are found in patients with HIV infection, cancer, major injuries, sepsis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and to some extent in overtrained athletes. The coincidence of these symptoms in diseases of different etiological origin suggests a causal relationship. The low NK cell activity in most cases is not life-threatening, but may be disastrous in HIV infection because it may compromise the initially stable balance between the immune system and virus, and trigger disease progression. This hypothesis is supported by the coincidence observed between the decrease of CD4+ T cells and a decrease in the plasma cystine level. In addition, recent studies revealed important clues about the role of cysteine and glutathione in the development of skeletal muscle wasting. Evidence suggests that 1) the cystine level is regulated primarily by the normal postabsorptive skeletal muscle protein catabolism, 2) the cystine level itself is a physiological regulator of nitrogen balance and body cell mass, 3) the cyst(e)ine-mediated regulatory circuit is compromised in various catabolic conditions, including old age, and 4) cysteine supplementation may be a useful therapy if combined with disease-specific treatments such as antiviral therapy in HIV infection.
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PMID:Role of cysteine and glutathione in HIV infection and other diseases associated with muscle wasting and immunological dysfunction. 936 43

Weaned lean Zucker rats, 21-days old, were fed a cafeteria diet for 70 days. The cafeteria diet-obese rats were infused for 28 days (using miniosmotic pumps) with oleoyl-estrone in liposomes (Merlin-2) at a dose of 3.5 mmol/day.kg. Treatment resulted in loss of body weight: 11.6% (32 g), mainly due to fat: 20.0% (8.8 g), protein 5.2% (2.0 g) and water, preventing further increases in body weight and fat storage. Untreated rats increased their body weight: 7.6% (20 g), lipid: 10.5% (4.2 g) and protein: 13.2% (4.8 g). Plasma glucose, urea, triacylglycerols and cholesterol practically did not change with treatment. Merlin-2 decreased energy intake (to 83.7%) and energy output (to 87.7%, oxygen consumption). Decreases in nitrogen intake were partly compensated by higher digestive efficiency in treated rats. The size of the nitrogen gap was higher in treated rats than in controls. Essentially, protein balance was maintained and slimming was achieved with a minimal loss of body protein. Treated rats selected less carbohydrate, in particular sugars, in their diet than controls, but consumed practically the same protein and lipid. Treatment of cafeteria diet-fed rats with oleoylestrone in liposomes results in sustained loss of body weight--mainly lipid--for up to 28 days. Nitrogen balance is maintained overall. This is achieved through lower food intake--mainly of sugars--and less marked changes in energy output.
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PMID:Effect of the slimming agent oleoyl-estrone in liposomes on the body weight of rats fed a cafeteria diet. 943 87


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