Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril as long term treatment was investigated in 14 patients with severe congestive heart failure in a double blind trial. Captopril reduced plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and noradrenaline, with a converse increase in active renin concentration. Effective renal plasma flow increased and renal vascular resistance fell; glomerular filtration rate did not change. Serum urea and creatinine concentrations rose. Both serum and total body potassium contents increased; there were no long term changes in serum concentration or total body content of sodium. Exercise tolerance was appreciably improved, and dyspnoea and fatigue lessened. Left ventricular end systolic and end diastolic dimensions were reduced. There was an appreciable reduction in complex ventricular ectopic rhythms. Adverse effects were few: weight gain and fluid retention were evident in five patients when captopril was introduced and two patients initially experienced mild postural dizziness; rashes in two patients did not recur when the drug was reintroduced at a lower dose; there was a significant reduction in white cell count overall, but the lowest individual white cell count was 4000 X 10(6)/l. Captopril thus seemed to be of considerable value in the long term treatment of severe cardiac failure.
 ...
PMID:Captopril in heart failure. A double blind controlled trial. 638 12

Six male graduate students, unrestricted in their lifestyle, collected their own urine over a seven-day period: it was analysed for cortisol, noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine. At each urination subjects self-assessed their mood. On two separate days, blood samples were collected at 4-hourly intervals for plasma cortisol assay. Mean plasma cortisol levels showed the expected circadian variation, but two subjects had divergent patterns. Mean urine cortisol accumulation also showed circadian variation with a 2-4 hour lag behind plasma values. Mean urine catecholamine levels showed both time of day and considerable individual variation. A statistical procedure, involving comparison of two models, was developed to determine differences between subjects' excretion patterns. An underlying common pattern of cortisol and catecholamines excretion was found. Regression of hormone levels against self-assessed mood changes revealed correlations of (1) adrenaline accumulation with physical fatigue, (2) cortisol with alertness and (3) ratios of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine with tenseness and irritability.
 ...
PMID:Cortisol and catecholamines changes as functions of time-of-day and self-reported mood. 651 54

1. Six healthy men performed static and dynamic handgrip to local muscular fatigue in approximately 6 min under control conditions, i.e. without drugs and after combined parasympathetic and beta-adrenergic blockade with atropine and metoprolol. 2. From rest to exercise at fatigue, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures increased by 32 +/- 4 and 39 +/- 3 mmHg, 24 +/- 3 and 26 +/- 4 mmHg, and 26 +/- 3 and 30 +/- 3 mmHg respectively for static and dynamic handgrip. There were no significant differences between the pressor responses for the two modes of contraction. Cardiac output increased significantly only during dynamic exercise. Total peripheral resistance increased by 2.3 +/- 1.0 units for static handgrip (P less than 0.05) and by 0.7 +/- 0.8 unit (P greater than 0.05) for dynamic handgrip. Autonomic blockade abolished the heart rate response to both static and dynamic handgrip. For both modes of contraction the systolic arterial pressure responses were 9-12 mmHg lower (P less than 0.05) after autonomic blockade, but the diastolic and mean pressure responses were not significantly affected. A significant increase in cardiac output persisted during dynamic exercise. The increase in peripheral resistance during static exercise tended to be greater after blockade. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels showed only minor elevations in response to static and dynamic handgrip and were not changed by autonomic blockade. 3. These data indicate that when performed to a common end-point with identical small muscle groups static and dynamic exercise produce an equally large pressor response, which is only slightly attenuated by autonomic blockade.
 ...
PMID:Haemodynamic responses to static and dynamic handgrip before and after autonomic blockade. 683 66

1. Twenty-two patients with moderately severe essential hypertension were treated for a period of 12 months with guanfacine (BS 100-141), a new centrally-acting antihypertensive agent. A twice daily schedule was followed and the dose range of guanfacine was 1-8 mg daily. 2. In twenty patients satisfactory blood pressure responses (diastolic pressure below 95 mmHg) were achieved in both the supine and the standing position. Pulse rate decreased slightly, though not significantly. 3. Tolerance to the pressure-lowering effect of the drug developed during the third or fourth month of therapy. This could be overcome by either increasing dosage or adding a diuretic. 4. All patients reported side-effects, mainly dryness of the mouth and fatigue. These side-effects became less or disappeared at the end of 3 months. Rebound hypertension on discontinuation of therapy occurred in two patients. 5. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline as well as plasma renin activity were decreased after 1 week of treatment with the drug. 6. Guanfacine in conjunction with a diuretic is a useful drug in the long-term treatment of hypertension. Reduced central sympathetic outflow may be the major mechanism underlying the antihypertensive effect of the drug.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of long-term treatment of essential hypertension with guanfacine. 699 80

Dopaminergic and noradrenergic inhibition of lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation was investigated in a new signalled, discrete-trials shuttle-box paradigm. The differential inhibitory effects of drugs and stimulation frequency reductions within small blocks of trials differentiate reward inhibition from a variety of performance deficits. They further differentiate among the deficits produced by fatigue, sedation, dyskinesias, akinesia and sensory disruption. Pimozide's selective inhibition of the first response within each block of trials shows that its inhibition of self-stimulation is not due to either an inhibition of reward or to a general performance deficit. Instead, it suggests that pimozide specifically inhibits the initiation of motor responding. Pimozide-induced akinesia appears to be partly reversible by hypothalamic stimulation. Thus the pimozide data do not support a role for dopamine in mediating brain-stimulation reward. Since the inhibitory effects of clonidine were very similar to those of pimozide, it is suggested that clonidine also produces a stimulation-reversible akinesia. Thus the clonidine data do not support a role for noradrenaline in mediating brain-stimulation reward. LU 5-003, which selectively inhibits the presynaptic reuptake of noradrenaline, inhibited self-stimulation in almost exactly the same way as did reducing reward by reducing stimulation frequency. These data do support a primary role for noradrenaline in mediating brain-stimulation reward. However, it is suggested that LU 5-003 inhibits self-stimulation, not by inhibiting reward, but by enhancing reward and making the electrical stimulation superfluous.
 ...
PMID:Dopaminergic and noradrenergic inhibition of hypothalamic self-stimulation: differentiation of reward and performance effects. 716 Apr 36

The paper gives the results of the number of analyses of aspects of life-style and dietary patterns of members of the Otmoor population, in relation to their catecholamine excretion rates. The data reported here are restricted to males. Feelings of boredom were associated with low adrenaline excretion rates. Reported physical tiredness was associated with low adrenaline levels, while mental tiredness seems to be related to high adrenaline levels. People who regarded themselves as having a competitive personality, as being faced by a large number of life challenges, as having to meet self-set deadlines, as choosing to focus on more than one task at the same time, or as being under time pressure had high rates. Cigarette smoking and coffee consumption were related to high adrenaline excretion rates. Taken together these variables can explain 16-20% of variance in adrenaline excretion. Smoking and coffee consumption are of primary importance. The results of similar analyses of noradrenaline are reported.
 ...
PMID:Catecholamine excretion rates in relation to life-styles in the male population of Otmoor, Oxfordshire. 725 97

The study was designed to examine the extent of the workload in female workers with children, in the office and at home, as compared with that of male workers with children and single women workers. Urine and saliva were collected during the daytime and evening on workdays and days off, and catecholamines in urine and cortisol in saliva were analyzed. Heart rate, blood pressure and frequencies of subjective fatigue symptoms were also measured. In the three groups, urinary excretion of adrenaline during daytime work was found to be significantly higher than on days off. The difference between workdays and days off in evening adrenaline excretion tended to be greater in the 'women with children' group than in their male counterparts. Urinary noradrenaline and salivary cortisol in women with children showed a tendency to be higher in the afternoon and evening on workdays than that on days off, while no difference between workdays and days off was observed in the other two groups. The heart rate in women with children was greater during the evening on workdays than that on days off. The frequency of subjective fatigue symptoms in women with children increased with the time of day on workdays, but remained unchanged on days off. The findings suggest that the workload of female workers rearing their children is greater than that of male counterparts, both in the office and at home, on workdays.
 ...
PMID:[Workload of women workers rearing their children, evaluated by catecholamine excretion, salivary cortisol and self-rated scores of fatigue]. 767 Nov 45

Psychophysiological studies on teachers' work include generally the evaluation of occupational stressors influencing the work load and strain and the assessment of transient and long-term changes in teachers' functional state and health due to these stressors. Results from investigations of some changes in the functional state of the organism of female teachers working in secondary and technical schools of different profiles were presented in this study. The following parameters were applied: subjective feeling of fatigue, heart rate [HR], excretion rates of 11-oxycorticosteroids (11-OCS), adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) during work. According to the mean HR values during work a moderate cardio-vascular strain was obtained (HR between 80-90 beats) min. Transient HR values over 100 beats/min were registered during periods connected with specific stressful working conditions. The levels of 11-OCS and the catecholamines excretion rates also indicated a moderate job strain. More pronounced changes in 11-OCS, NA and A were found when teaching in the upper classes of the secondary and technical schools. Significant correlations were established between the changes of HR, 11-OCS, NA and A and some individual characteristics of the examined persons, such as: age, length of service, HR at rest and level of neuroticism. Our data reveal the usefulness of the indices and procedures applied for the evaluation of teachers' strain at work.
 ...
PMID:[An evaluation of the strain in the work of teachers]. 784 93

The effect of carmoxirole, a presynaptic dopamine (DA2) receptor agonist, on blood pressure, plasma catecholamines, renin-aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide and the intracellular concentration and transmembrane fluxes of Na+ and K+, in erythrocytes and platelets was studied in 24 normal men, using a double-blind, parallel study design. After a run-in period of 1 week, the subjects were treated with either placebo (n = 8) or 0.5 mg carmoxirole (n = 16) once daily for 1 week. Blood pressure and heart rate were not changed during carmoxirole administration in these normal men. Surprisingly, no significant effect of carmoxirole was found on the circulating plasma concentration of noradrenaline, adrenaline or dopamine. Other hormones such as renin, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide were also not changed during carmoxirole administration. No significant effect of carmoxirole could be demonstrated on the intracellular concentration of Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ and on the transmembrane fluxes of Na+ and K+ in erythrocytes and platelets. In the carmoxirole-treated subjects (n = 16), 6 subjects reported spontaneously adverse events such as syncope, dizziness and vomiting tendencies and/or fatigue.
 ...
PMID:Erythrocyte and platelet cationic concentrations and transport systems in normal volunteers treated with carmoxirole. 790 90

An assessment of mental stress and fatigue was undertaken in 12 male students who did their best to perform a calculating task (addition and subtraction of 2-digit numbers) for 11 hours on a workday and rested without any task for 11 hours on a restday. During the work period, occipital midline beta-2 (Oz beta 2) amplitude, urinary adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) excretion, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), subjective rating of tiredness (SRT), and subjective symptoms of fatigue (SSF) were higher than those during the rest period. Oz beta 2 amplitude, diastolic pressure (DP), critical flicker fusion value (CFF), and performance level (number answered, percent correct) remained unchanged over the rest/work period. Moreover, A and NA excretion, HR, and systolic pressure (SP) changed parallel with their resting level. With the lapse of working hours, SRT and SSF elevated. These results suggest that performance of calculating task causes mental stress which remains constant throughout the work period and that subjective fatigue increases with extension of working hours.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of mental stress and fatigue induced by performance of a mental task. 2. An experiment in 11-h self-paced calculating task]. 790 76


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>