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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate factorial construct validity of a measurement scale of fatigue symptoms in junior high school students, a questionnaire which consisted of Cumulative Fatigue Symptoms Index (CFSI) and Psychological Condition Test (PCT) was administered on 289 students in Okinawa. Reliability coefficients were 0.607-0.811 for CFSI scales. A principal factor analysis with varimax rotation was applied to CFSI. In boys, 4 factors were extracted; general psychological symptoms, fatigue, emotional instability, and decreased morale and vitality. In girls, 4 factors were extracted; depression and anxiety, decreased morale and vitality, fatigue, and irritability. The same procedure was applied to PCT. In boys, 4 factors were extracted; negative feeling, vigor, inferiority complex, and fatigue. In girls, 4 factors were extracted; negative feeling, anger, vigor, and fatigue. Among factors derived from CFSI and PCT, the fatigue factor of CFSI was correlated with that of PCT. The factors concerning psychological symptoms of CFSI were correlated with those of PCT. However, the vigor factor of PCT was not correlated with any other factors. These results suggest that CFSI in junior high school students had factorial construct validity.
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PMID:[Factorial construct validity of a measurement scale of fatigue in junior high school students]. 826 75

The Freiburg Complaint List (Freiburger Beschwerdenliste FBL-R) is a self-report questionnaire which consists of 80 somatic complaints. A survey was conducted in 1993 and a sample of N = 2070, representative for the German adult population of 16 years and above, was obtained. Factor analysis, cluster analysis and item analysis were employed to develop nine scales: General Condition, Tiredness, Cardiovascular, Gastrointestinal, Head-Throat, Tenseness, Emotional Reactivity, Pain, Sensory and Total Score. Regression analyses revealed substantial effects of gender, age group, and, to a lesser extent, social class on FBL-R scores. Furthermore, highly significant correlations were found between FBL-R scores and indicators of illness, health concern, and utilization of health services. The standardization provides normative data (stanine norms) that account for gender and age groups. This representative survey provides essential data, i.e. base rates of somatic complaints in the general population and subsamples. These base rates are relevant to the future development of criteria for diagnosis of somatization disorder.
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PMID:Somatic complaints in the German population. 863 12

Repeated isometric or shortening contractions of skeletal muscle cause muscle fatigue but several prior studies have reported an apparent absence of muscle fatigue when humans performed up to 70 lengthening contractions. We pursued the hypothesis that perhaps muscle excitability is a factor that aids force preservation with repeated eccentric actions. Soleus compound muscle action potential (M-wave) latency, peak-to-peak amplitude (PPA), duration, and area under the curve were examined in 12 subjects (mean age 24.3 y) over 4 testing days that included: no exercise, isometric exercise (neutral ankle angle), isokinetic (0.5 rad.s-1) concentric and eccentric exercise of the plantar flexors in the seated position on a Biodex dynamometer. Supramaximal shocks were delivered to the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa at baseline (3 shocks, 1 min apart), during exercise (1 shock-after each of 5 bouts/10 contractions), and during 10-min recovery. From initial to final contractions, concentric, isometric, and eccentric fatigue was -32, -41 and + 2% (Condition by Trial Interaction, F2,22 = 25.1, p = 0.000). No changes occurred in latency or duration (p > 0.05), but PPA (Condition by Time interaction, F51,561 = 3.7, p = 0.000) increased during isometric and eccentric exercise and remained elevated during recovery. Area increased (F51,561 = 3.1, p = 0.000) significantly during all three exercise conditions and approximated baseline by minute 8 of recovery. It was concluded that although the potentiation of the action potential of individual muscle fibers seems to be the common mechanism underlying the increase in muscle excitability during plantar flexion exercise, it is possible that different factors could cause such a non-specific response.
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PMID:Fatigue effects on muscle excitability. 888 14

This paper discusses the use of psychological performance tests to assess the effects of environmental stressors. The large number and the variety of performance tests are illustrated, and the differences between performance tests and other psychological tests are described in terms of their design, construction, use, and purpose. The stressor emphasis is on the effects of drugs since that is where most performance tests have found their main application, although other stressors, e.g., fatigue, toxic chemicals, are mentioned where appropriate. Diazepam is used as an example. There is no particular performance emphasis since the tests are intended to have wide applicability. However, vehicle-driving performance is discussed because it has been the subject of a great deal of research and is probably one of the most important areas of application. Performance tests are discussed in terms of the four main underlying models--factor analysis, general information processing, multiple resource and strategy models, and processing-stage models--and in terms of their psychometric properties--sensitivity, reliability, and content, criterion, construct, and face validity. Some test taxonomies are presented. Standardization is also discussed with reference to the reaction time, mathematical processing, memory search, spatial processing, unstable tracking, verbal processing, and dual task tests used in the AGARD STRES battery. Some comments on measurement strengths and appropriate study designs and methods are included.
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PMID:Performance tests. 918 33

The opiate antagonist naltrexone (NTX) blocks relapse drinking in alcoholics and modifies some of the subjective effects of alcohol intoxication. Benzodiazepines have demonstrated cross-dependence and cross-tolerance to alcohol. Furthermore, benzodiazepine intoxication has effects on mood and psychomotor performance that are similar to alcohol intoxication. The effects of NTX on diazepam intoxication were investigated in non-drug abusing individuals. Eighteen men and eight women were randomly assigned to receive either 50 mg NTX or placebo PO, on two different occasions in a within-subjects, crossover, double-blind protocol. Diazepam was taken by mouth, 90 min after NTX. At -90, 45, 75, 135, 210 min, subjects were tested with repeated assessments of several mood and sensation scales and a computer-generated psychomotor test battery (CTB). Blood samples were also obtained and analyzed for serum diazepam levels. Diazepam induced several sensations and mood effects similar to those induced by alcohol. Negative mood states such as sedation, fatigue, and anxiety were higher for NTX than for placebo. Positive mood states such as friendliness, vigor, liking the effects of diazepam, and feeling high from diazepam were all lower for NTX than for placebo. There were no group differences on the CTB performance. NTX delayed the time to reach peak diazepam levels, so that peak levels occurred at 75 min for placebo compared to 135 min for NTX. A sub-analysis was conducted with 14 subjects who were FHP for alcoholism, but no differences were found on these outcome measures.
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PMID:Naltrexone effects on diazepam intoxication and pharmacokinetics in humans. 949 28

Six horses were randomly assigned to receive either frusemide (F) (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) or an equivalent volume of saline (S) i.v., 4 h prior to treadmill exercise. Horses were instrumented to enable measurement of heart rate (HR), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), and diastolic (DAP) carotid arterial pressures, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary arterial temperature (TEMP), blood gases, and cardiac output (CO). Plasma (PV) and blood volumes (BV) were measured using 2 injections of Evan's Blue dye. Baseline parameters were recorded while the horse stood quietly. Horses were then administered F or S. Four hours later, they were warmed up for 3 min at 4 m/s and then exercised to the point of fatigue at 115% VO2max. Horses were anaesthetised immediately following exercise by administration of detomidine (0.04 mg/kg bwt i.v.) followed 5 min later by tiletamine-zolazepam (1.25 mg/kg bwt i.v.). After transporting the horse to a recovery stall, anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 100% O2. Data were analysed using a 2-way ANOVA with repeated measures with post hoc differences identified using the Student-Newman-Keul's procedure. Exercise was associated with increases in HR, SAP, MAP, DAP, PAP, CVP, TEMP, PCV, and BV, and decreases in PV, pH, arterial bicarbonate and base excess. Anaesthesia was associated with marked hypercapnia, a decrease in HR following detomidine administration, and persistent pulmonary hypertension despite carotid arterial pressure which returned to baseline. No effects attributable to F were identified at any time during the study.
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PMID:Effects of pre-exercise frusemide administration and post exercise anaesthesia on cardiopulmonary and acid-base parameters and blood and plasma volumes in horses exercised supramaximally to fatigue. 1065 46

Congenital heart disease can increase or decrease pulmonary blood flow, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) or pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). PAP is the product of PVR and pulmonary minute volume (Qp), such that pulmonary hypertension (PHT) may develop as a result of an increase in either PVR or Qp or both. Given that the pulmonary vascular bed is a low pressure system with high flow, any increase in resistance would generate PHT. The normal value of PVR is 2 Woods units (mm Hg/l/min). Increased PAP is due to hypoxic lesions of the endothelium, which release proteolytic enzymes that alter the balance of metabolites of arachidonic acid, regulators of pulmonary vasomotor tone. Hypoxia and acidosis cause intense pulmonary vasoconstriction (hypoxic vasoconstrictor reflex). An increase of PVR is due to a combination of vasoconstrictive processes and remodeling, with hypertrophy of the pulmonary artery. Structural lesions are related to hypertrophy of the endothelium, the transformation of fibroblasts to myocytes and the decrease of the alveolar/arteriolar ratio with the formation of new vessels.PHT may be primary or secondary to another disease. Primary PHT is a rare genetic disease. The most common secondary forms of PHT in pediatrics are due to persistence of neonatal anatomy (neonatal PHT), to heart diseases with left-right shunt (CIV, DAP, etc.), to diseases of the pulmonary parenchyma (interstitial viral infection, mucoviscidosis), and complications of heart surgery. All congenital heart diseases can lead to PHT if not treated promptly. Clinical signs of PHT are highly non-specific: dyspnea, fatigue, syncopes, exercise intolerance, precordialgia, cyanosis and edema. The best approaches to diagnosis and prognosis are echocardiography and cardiac catheterization with vasodilators. Anesthetics that do not alter PVR should be used in such patients, who are sensitive to changes in pulmonary ventilation, to changes in cardiac output and to anesthetics. The treatment of PHT during intra and postoperative pediatric surgery is based on the use of high inspirated oxygen concentration (100%), an adequate sedation and the use of vasodilators (prostaglandin I2, nitric oxide, sodium nitroprusiate and milrinone).
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PMID:[Pulmonary hypertension in pediatric heart surgery]. 1179 1

Physical exercise has been shown to enhance quality of life (QOL) in cancer survivors using pretest-posttest designs and compared to usual care (i.e. no intervention). In the present study, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine if exercise could improve QOL in cancer survivors beyond the known benefits of group psychotherapy (GP). We matched 22 GP classes (N=108) on content and then randomly assigned 11 (n=48) to GP alone and 11 (n=60) to GP plus home-based, moderate-intensity exercise (GP+EX). Participants completed a physical fitness test and QOL measures (e.g. Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scales) at the beginning and end of GP classes (about 10 weeks). We had excellent recruitment (81%), retention (89%), and adherence (84%) rates and a modest contamination (22%) rate. Using intention-to-treat repeated measures analyses of variance, we found significant Time by Condition interactions for functional well-being, fatigue, and sum of skinfolds. We also found borderline significant interactions for physical well-being, satisfaction with life, and flexibility. All interactions favored the GP+EX condition. We conclude that a home-based, moderate intensity exercise program may im-prove QOL in cancer survivors beyond the benefits of GP, particularly in relation to physical and functional well-being.
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PMID:The group psychotherapy and home-based physical exercise (group-hope) trial in cancer survivors: physical fitness and quality of life outcomes. 1274 73

The main objective of the present study is to evaluate biomechanically a newly designed expansive pedicle screw (EPS) using fresh pedicles from calf lumber vertebrae in comparison with conventional pedicle screws, (CDH) CD Horizon, Universal Spine System pedicle screw (USS) and Tenor (Sofamor Denek). Pull-out and turning-back tests were performed on these pedicle screws to compare their holding strength. Additionally, revision tests were undertaken to evaluate the mechanical properties of EPS as a "rescue" revision screw. A fatigue simulation test using a perpendicular load up to 1,500,000 cycles was also carried out. The results showed that the turning back torque (Tmax) and pull-out force (Fmax) of EPS screws were significantly greater than those of USS, Tenor and CDH screws (6.5x40 mm). In revision tests, the Fmax of both types of EPS screws (6.5x40 mm; 7.0x40 mm) were significantly greater than that of CDH, USS, and Tenor screws (P<0.05). Furthermore, no screws were broken or bent at the end of fatigue tests. The findings from the current study suggest that expansive pedicle screws can significantly improve the bone purchase and the pull-out strength compared to USS, Tenor and CDH screws of similar dimensions before and after a failure simulation.
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PMID:Biomechanical evaluation of an expansive pedicle screw in calf vertebrae. 1586 67

The PedsQL Measurement Model was designed as a modular approach to measuring pediatric health-related quality of life, and developed to integrate the relative merits of generic and disease-specific approaches. The PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales have been translated into over 60 languages, with published data on over 25,000 children and adolescents in more than 75 peer-reviewed journals since 2001 for healthy children and numerous pediatric chronic health conditions. The PedsQL Disease and Condition-Specific Modules were designed to measure health-related quality-of-life dimensions specifically tailored for pediatric chronic health conditions, and include the PedsQL Asthma, Arthritis/Rheumatology, Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiac and Cerebral Palsy Modules, as well as the generic PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, Pediatric Pain Questionnaire, Family Impact Module and Healthcare Satisfaction Module. The PedsQL has demonstrated reliability, validity, sensitivity and responsiveness for child self report for ages 5-18 years and parent proxy report for ages 2-18 years. The PedsQL has been shown to be related to other key constructs in pediatric healthcare such as access to needed care, healthcare barriers and quality of primary care. Future advances in the PedsQL() Measurement Model include web-based electronic administration (ePedsQL), integration into the electronic medical record, further efficacy and effectiveness outcome trials, including PedsQL ResourceConnect(SM) and PedsQL TIPS(SM), the development of the generic PedsQL Infant Scales for ages birth to 24 months and disease and condition-specific modules for other pediatric chronic health conditions.
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PMID:The PedsQL as a pediatric patient-reported outcome: reliability and validity of the PedsQL Measurement Model in 25,000 children. 1980 13


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