UMLS:C0015672 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to compare the degree of inflammation present in acute sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), and non-CFS control subjects by measuring cytokine concentrations in nasal lavage fluids. The concentrations of total protein (TP; Lowry assay), nerve growth factor (NGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, and interleukin (IL)-8 were measured by ELISA in nasal lavage fluids from acute sinusitis (n = 13), active allergic rhinitis (n = 16), CFS (n = 95), and non-CFS (n = 89) subjects. CFS and non-CFS groups were subdivided further using allergy skin test and rhinitis score results. Acute sinusitis subjects had significantly higher TP (p = 0.011, ANOVA), TNF-alpha (p = 0.00071), and IL-8 (p = 0.0000027) concentrations and IL-8/TP ratios (p = 0.0030) than the other three patient groups. There were no differences based on skin test or rhinitis score severity within either the CFS or non-CFS groups. The mucopurulent discharge of acute sinusitis contained significantly higher TNF-alpha and IL-8. Neutrophils were a likely source for these cytokines. There were no differences between CFS and non-CFS subjects, making it unlikely that the rhinitis of CFS has an inflammatory component.
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PMID:Cytokines in nasal lavage fluids from acute sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and chronic fatigue syndrome subjects. 1212 6

The purposes of this study were (a) to determine group and individual differences in oxygen consumption during heel-toe running and (b) to quantify the differences in EMG activity for selected muscle groups of the lower extremities when running in shoes with different mechanical heel characteristics. Twenty male runners performed heel-toe running using two shoe conditions, one with a mainly elastic and a visco-elastic heel. Oxygen consumption was quantified during steady state runs of 6 min duration, running slightly above the aerobic threshold providing four pairs of oxygen consumption results for comparison. Muscle activity was quantified using bipolar surface EMG measurements from the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, vastus medialis and the hamstrings muscle groups. EMG data were sampled for 5 s every minute for the 6 min providing 30 trials. EMG data were compared for the different conditions using an ANOVA (alpha=0.05). The findings of this study showed that changes in the heel material characteristics of running shoes were associated with (a) subject specific changes in oxygen consumption and (b) subject and muscle specific changes in the intensities of muscle activation before heel strike in the lower extremities. It is suggested that further study of these phenomena will help understand many aspects of human locomotion, including work, performance, fatigue and possible injuries.
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PMID:The effect of material characteristics of shoe soles on muscle activation and energy aspects during running. 1260 Mar 47

Oral D-ribose supplementation has been reported to increase adenine nucleotide synthesis and exercise capacity in certain clinical populations. Theoretically, increasing adenine nucleotide availability may enhance high intensity exercise capacity. This study evaluated the potential ergogenic value of D-ribose supplementation on repetitive high-intensity exercise capacity in 19 trained males. Subjects were familiarized to the testing protocol and performed two practice-testing trials before pre-supplementation testing. Each test involved warming up for 5 min on a cycle ergometer and then performing two 30-s Wingate anaerobic sprint tests on a computerized cycle ergometer separated by 3 min of rest recovery. In the pre- and post-supplementation trials, blood samples were obtained at rest, immediately following the first and second sprints, and following 5 min of recovery from exercise. Subjects were then matched according to body mass and anaerobic capacity and assigned to ingest, in a randomized and double blind manner, capsules containing either 5 g of a dextrose placebo (P) or D-ribose (R) twice daily (10 g/d) for 5 d. Subjects then performed post-supplementation tests on the 6th day. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures. Results revealed a significant interaction (p =.04) in total work output. Post hoc analysis revealed that work significantly declined (-18 +/- 51 J) during the second post-supplementation sprint in the P group while being maintained in the R group (-0.0 +/- 31 J). No significant interactions were observed in peak power, average power, torque, fatigue index, lactate, ammonia, glucose, or uric acid. Results indicate that oral ribose supplementation (10 g/d for 5 d) does not affect anaerobic exercise capacity or metabolic markers in trained subjects as evaluated in this study.
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PMID:Effects of oral D-ribose supplementation on anaerobic capacity and selected metabolic markers in healthy males. 1266 Apr 7

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to assess characteristics of the corticomotor control of the jaw muscles, but less is known about the cortical control of the human tongue and its modification by training. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of training humans in a novel tongue-protrusion task for 1 week on corticomotor excitability as assessed by changes in electromyographic activity elicited in the tongue musculature by TMS, and in the tongue cortical motor map revealed by TMS. Eleven healthy subjects participated. Stimulus-response curves were generated from the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded in the tongue musculature and, from the first dorsal interosseos (FDI) muscle as a control, at three time periods: at baseline, immediately after the 1-week training period, and at 2-weeks follow-up. In addition, the corticomotor representations of the tongue and FDI muscles were mapped on a 1 x 1 cm scalp grid. The tongue-training task required each subject to protrude the tongue onto a force transducer placed in front of the subject, and consisted of a relax-protrude-hold-relax cycle lasting 12.5 s with 1 N as the target at the hold phase. The subjects repeated this task for 60 min every day for 1 week. All subjects reported moderate levels of fatigue in the tongue during the first training day; however, these subjective reports decreased during the week (ANOVA P<0.001), and the subjects showed a progressive increase in their ability to perform the task successfully ( P<0.001). The threshold for evoking MEPs by TMS in the tongue musculature was significantly decreased after the last training day compared with baseline and the 2-weeks follow-up ( P<0.001). The amplitude of the MEPs in the tongue musculature was significantly increased at higher intensities of TMS after the last training day but returned to baseline values at the 2-weeks follow-up (P = 0.005). No significant effect of the training on MEPs in the FDI was observed (P = 0.493). Analysis of the corticomotor topographic maps revealed a significant ( P<0.05) increase in excitability and, hence, the cortical area from which TMS could evoke MEPs in the tongue, although the center of gravity representation for the tongue or FDI muscles remained stable. The present findings suggest that a specific and reversible plasticity of the corticomotor excitability related to tongue muscle control can be induced when humans learn to perform successfully a novel tongue task.
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PMID:Plasticity in corticomotor control of the human tongue musculature induced by tongue-task training. 1283 Mar 48

Approximately 30% of women successfully treated for breast cancer suffer persistent fatigue of unknown origin. Recent studies linking inflammatory processes to central nervous system-mediated fatigue led us to examine cellular immune system status in 20 fatigued breast cancer survivors and 19 matched non-fatigued breast cancer survivors. Fatigued survivors, compared with non-fatigued survivors, had statistically significantly increased numbers of circulating T lymphocytes (mean 31% increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6% to 56%; P =.015 by two-sided analysis of variance [ANOVA]), with pronounced elevation in the numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes (mean 41% increase, 95% CI = 15% to 68%; P =.003 by two-sided ANOVA) and CD56+ effector T lymphocytes (mean 52% increase, 95% CI = 4% to 99%; P =.027 by two-sided ANOVA). These changes were independent of patient demographic and treatment characteristics. Absolute numbers of B cells, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and monocytes were not altered. The increased numbers of circulating T cells correlated with elevations in the level of serum interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (for CD3+ cells, r =.56 and P =.001; for CD3+/CD4+ cells, r =.68 and P<.001, by Spearman rank correlation). Results of this study suggest that persistent fatigue in breast cancer survivors might be associated with a chronic inflammatory process involving the T-cell compartment. These results require confirmation in a larger study that is specifically designed to address this hypothesis.
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PMID:T-cell homeostasis in breast cancer survivors with persistent fatigue. 1290 46

This study investigated whether power output during 30 min sessions of functional electrical stimulation (FES)-cycling can be increased by using stimulation frequencies higher than 30 Hz. The stimulation frequencies of FES-cycling training sessions of 19 recently injured para- and tetraplegics were randomly set at 30, 50, or 60 Hz and power output (PO) was measured continually. The mean PO of the 30 min, the PO of the last minute of each session, and the minimum PO were significantly greater at 60 and 50 Hz than at 30 Hz (ANOVA without cross-product). A 19% and 25% higher mean PO was reached at 50 and 60 Hz, respectively, compared to 30 Hz. The PO of the last minute of each session was almost always higher than the mean PO of the whole session and also higher at higher frequencies, which indicates that no muscle fatigue could be detected in 30 min FES-cycling at any of the tested frequencies.
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PMID:Influence of different stimulation frequencies on power output and fatigue during FES-cycling in recently injured SCI people. 1451 86

A polymorphism in the gene encoding the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (arginine or glycine at amino acid position 16) is associated with altered vasodilator responses to beta(2)-agonists, which may modulate the pressor response to endogenous catecholamines during stress. To test the hypothesis that the Arg16/Gly polymorphism is associated with differences in acute pressor responses to sympathoexcitation, we measured mean arterial pressure (MAP, Finapres) and heart rate (HR, ECG) during mental stress (MS), cold pressor test (CPT), and handgrip (HG) to fatigue in 31 healthy, nonobese, normotensive adults (mean age +/- SE: 31 +/- 1; 16 females). Subjects were homozygous for Gly16 (n = 16) or Arg16 (n = 15). Both groups had similar baseline MAP (Arg16, 86 +/- 3 mmHg; Gly16, 89 +/- 2 mmHg; P = 0.4) and HR (Arg16, 68 +/- 2 beats/min; Gly16, 65 +/- 3 beats/min; P = 0.3). For MS and CPT, MAP and HR did not differ between genotype groups. Handgrip also produced similar increases in MAP; however, the change in HR was greater in the Gly16 homozygotes (P(ANOVA) = 0.001, genotype-by-time interaction). During HG, peak HR at fatigue was 100 +/- 4 beats/min for Gly16 (54% increase from rest) vs. 93 +/- 3 beats/min for Arg16 (37% increase). We conclude that the cardiovascular responses to MS and CPT do not differ between Gly16 and Arg16 homozygotes. However, the greater HR response to exercise in the Gly16 homozygotes may serve to maintain the pressor response (increased cardiac output) in the face of augmented peripheral vasodilation (decreased total peripheral resistance) in this group.
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PMID:The Arg16/Gly beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism is associated with altered cardiovascular responses to isometric exercise. 1466 98

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of acupressure on fatigue in patients with end-stage renal-disease (ESRD). The study was a randomized control trial; qualified patients were randomly assigned into acupressure group, sham group or control group. A total of 106 participants were included in the study. The measures included the revised Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS), VAS of Fatigue, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Beck Depression Inventory. Data of fatigue measures were collected at pretreatment and a week following treatment. Sleep quality and depression were collected during post-test only. The statistical methods included the descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, and repeated-measures ANOVA. ANCOVA that adjusted for differences in baseline fatigue scores (PFS), post-test of depression and sleep quality, result was significant, F(2,100)=3.99, p=0.02. Post-hoc tests revealed that patients in the acupressure group were significantly having lower scores of fatigue than patients in the control group. ANCOVA results also significant for VAS of Fatigue among groups, F(2,100)=5.63, p=0.003. Comparisons indicated that there were significant differences between the acupressure group and the control group (p=0.01) and between the sham group and control group (p=0.003). Predialysis fatigue was assessed routinely by using a rating of 0-10. Repeated-measures ANOVA results demonstrate the group main effect was significant in the perceived fatigue (F(2,88)=19.46, p<0.001). Follow-up tests indicated there were significant differences between the acupressure group and the control group (p<0.001) and between the sham group and control group (p<0.001). The study provided an alternative method for health care providers to managing ESRD patients with fatigue.
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PMID:Acupressure and fatigue in patients with end-stage renal disease-a randomized controlled trial. 1467 Mar 99

The objective of this study was to compare the hardness and modulus of the continuum of direct tooth-colored restorative materials using a depth-sensing microindentation approach. The effects of thermal fatigue on mechanical properties were also evaluated. Six restorative materials representing the continuum were selected. They included an ormocer (Admira [AM], Voco), a giomer (Beautifil [BF], Shofu), a compomer (Dyract Extra [DE], Dentsply), a minifill composite (Esthet-X [EX], Dentsply), resin-modified (Fuji II LC [FL], GC) and highly viscous (Fuji IX [FN], GC) glass ionomer cements (GICs). Fourteen specimens (3 mm wide x 3 mm long x 2 mm deep) were made for each material. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups and treated as follows: Group A--stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 30 days; Group B--thermal cycled for 5000 cycles (35 degrees C [28s], 15 degrees C [2s], 35 degrees C [28s], 45 degrees C [2s]) and stored for 26.5 days. Hardness and modulus of the materials were determined using depth-sensing microindentation testing with the Instron MicroTester. Hardness was computed by dividing the peak load over the maximum projected contact area while modulus was calculated by analysis of the loading/unloading load-displacement (P-h) curves and the analytical model according to Oliver and Pharr (J. Mater. Res. 7 (1992) 1564). Results were analyzed using ANOVA/Scheffe's post hoc test and independent samples T-test (p<0.05). Hardness ranged 46.44-72.65 and 49.11-78.97 HV, while modulus ranged 7.86-12.78 and 8.12-13.13 GPa for Groups A and B, respectively. Although the ranking of mechanical properties were generally similar for both groups, disparities in statistical differences between materials were observed between Groups A and B for both hardness and modulus. For both groups, BF was significantly harder than DE, AM, FL and EX was significantly harder than FL. The modulus of FN was significantly greater than EX, DE, AM and FL was significantly stiffer than AM. With the exception of BF, no significant change in hardness and modulus was observed for all materials with thermocycling. The hardness and modulus of some glass ionomer-based/containing materials may be comparable or even superior to minifill and ormocer composites. Thermal fatigue should be considered when comparing mechanical properties between materials.
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PMID:Comparative hardness and modulus of tooth-colored restoratives: a depth-sensing microindentation study. 1474 33

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is defined as constellation of the prolonged fatigue and several somatic symptoms, in the absence of organic or severe psychiatric disease. However, this is an operational definition and conclusive biomedical explanation remains elusive. Similarities between the signs and symptoms of CFS and adrenal insufficiency prompted the research of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) derangement in the pathogenesis of the CFS. Early studies showed mild glucocorticoid deficiency, probably of central origin that was compensated by enhanced adrenal sensitivity to ACTH. Further studies showed reduced ACTH response to vasopressin infusion. The response to CRH was either blunted or unchanged. Cortisol response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia was same as in the control subjects while ACTH response was reported to be same or enhanced. However, results of direct stimulation of the adrenal cortex using ACTH were conflicting. Cortisol and DHEA responses were found to be the same or reduced compared to control subjects. Scott et al found that maximal cortisol increment from baseline is significantly lower in CFS subjects. The same group also found small adrenal glands in some CFS subjects. These varied and inconsistent results could be explained by the heterogeneous study population due to multifactorial causes of the disease and by methodological differences. The aim of our study was to assess cortisol response to low dose (1 microgram) ACTH using previously validated methodology. We compared cortisol response in the CFS subjects with the response in control and in subjects with suppressed HPA axis due to prolonged corticosteroid use. Cortisol responses were analysed in three subject groups: control (C), secondary adrenal insufficiency (AI), and in CFS. The C group consisted of 39 subjects, AI group of 22, and CFS group of nine subjects. Subject data are presented in table 1. Low dose ACTH test was started at 0800 h with the i.v. injection of 1 microgram ACTH (Galenika, Belgrade, Serbia). Blood samples for cortisol determination were taken from the i.v. cannula at 0, 15, 30, and 60 min. Data are presented as mean +/- standard error (SE). Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA with the Games-Howell post-hoc test to determine group differences. ACTH dose per kg or per square meter of body surface was not different between the groups. Baseline cortisol was not different between the groups. However, cortisol concentrations after 15 and 30 minutes were significantly higher in the C group than in the AI group. Cortisol concentration in the CFS group was not significantly different from any other group (Graph 1). Cortisol increment at 15 and 30 minutes from basal value was significantly higher in C group than in other two groups. However, there was no significant difference in cortisol increment between the AI and CFS groups at any time of the test. On the contrary, maximal cortisol increment was not different between CFS and other two groups, although it was significantly higher in C group than in the AI group. Maximal cortisol response to the ACTH stimulation and area under the cortisol response curve was significantly larger in C group compared to AI group, but there was no difference between CFS and other two groups. Several previous studies assessed cortisol response to ACTH stimulation. Hudson and Cleare analysed cortisol response to 1 microgram ACTH in CFS and control subjects. They compared maximum cortisol attained during the test, maximum cortisol increment, and area under the cortisol response curve. There was no difference between the groups in any of the analysed parameters. However, authors commented that responses were generally low. On the contrary Scott et al found that cortisol increment at 30 min is significantly lower in the CFS than in the control group. Taking into account our data it seems that the differences found in previous studies papers are caused by the methodological differences. We have shown that cortisol increment at 15 and 30 min is significantly lower in CFS group than in C group. Nevertheless, maximum cortisol attained during the test, maximum cortisol increment, and area under the cortisol response curve were not different between the C and CFS groups. This is in agreement with our previous findings that cortisol increment at 15 minutes has the best diagnostic value of all parameters obtained during of low dose ACTH test. However, there was no difference between CFS and AI group in any of the parameters, although AI group had significantly lower cortisol concentrations at 15 and 30 minutes, maximal cortisol response, area under the cortisol curve, maximal cortisol increment, and maximal cortisol change velocity than C group. Consequently, reduced adrenal responsiveness to ACTH exists in CFS. In conclusion, we find that regarding the adrenal response to ACTH stimulation CFS subjects present heterogeneous group. In some subjects cortisol response is preserved, while in the others it is similar to one found in secondary adrenal insufficiency.
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PMID:[Disorder of adrenal gland function in chronic fatigue syndrome]. 1505 15

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