Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

76 women with virilizing features (68 women suffering from hirsutism and 8 from acne) were treated on average for 25 months according to different models of Androcur medication. Success of treatment was clinically assessed as good in 3/4 of the cases and slight in the remaining 1/4. However, treatment is more successful in cases of adrenal hirsutism than in idiopathic hirsutism. Moreover, success of treatment seems to be better in women below 35 than over 35 years of age. Side effects, mostly bleeding anomalies and fatigue, were found in 31 women; these must be attributed to the gestagenic component of cyproterone acetate. By contrast, 12 women showed positive side effects such as weight reduction, improvement in depression states and reversal of hair loss, which must be attributed to the antiandrogenic component. The selected continuation rate in all subjects was 86% and the unselected 72%, over a treatment period of 4.5 years. Furthermore, hormonal controls were carried out under treatment. These showed, on average, a depression of plasma androstendione of 17%, of total plasma testosterone of 47%, as well as an inhibition of the testosterone/sex hormone-binding globulin quotient of 58%. These inhibition effects speak in favour of alterations taking place in steroid metabolism. However, by inhibition of androgenic serum levels, the mechanism of cyproterone acetate is only assisted, while the main mechanism is based on peripheral receptor inhibition. Furthermore, as additional component in this action a slight increase in plasma binding capacity was found during combined cyproterone-oestrogen treatment.
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PMID:[Long-term treatment of virilized women with cyproterone acetate (author's transl)]. 645 62

To verify if bicarbonate dialysis actually improves the dialytic tolerance of acetate intolerant patients, we have measured the incidence of dialysis with side effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, post-dialytic fatigue at 180 days interval in 2 groups of patients. The first with a good tolerance to acetate, the other with a bad tolerance acetate but put meanwhile for 90 days on a bicarbonate dialysis. While the incidence of side effects did not change in the first group, it decreased by 75% in the second, in spite of a greater weight loss. Thus bicarbonate improves the dialytic tolerance in patients intolerant to acetate as well as ultrafiltration.
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PMID:[A hemodialysis bath with bicarbonate improves comfort and ultrafiltration]. 666 27

A double-masked, randomly assigned, crossover trial of the effect of supplemental two-weak courses of sodium acetate (90 mEq/day) and placebo on carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI)-induced side effects of malaise, fatigue, and others ("malaise symptom complex") was performed in 28 patients. Fifteen patients (54%) experienced significant improvement while receiving supplemental sodium acetate compared with five (18%) receiving a placebo. A relationship was observed between the clinical efficacy of the acetate supplementation and the measured improvement in serum carbon dioxide combining power. No changes in intraocular pressure were observed when supplemental sodium acetate was given. The results confirm the beneficial effect of supplemental alkalinization for such CAI-induced symptoms in somewhat less than half of the affected patients and suggest the need for long-term studies in which the dosage of sodium acetate is titrated in relation to measured changes in the level of metabolic acidosis.
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PMID:The influence of supplemental sodium acetate on carbonic anhydrase inhibitor-induced side effects. 679 52

1. In vivo sciatic nerve gastrocnemius muscle preparations were made from 14- to 18-week-old normal turkeys and from those with naturally occurring or trienbolone acetate (TA)-induced "leg weakness". 2. Preparations from leg weakness cases displayed neither accelerated muscle fatigue nor decreased nerve conduction velocities as compared with control preparations. 3. The muscles of the TA-treated turkeys but not of those with naturally occurring leg weakness were hyperexcitable to those of controls. 4. Post-tetanic potentiation of preparations from both naturally occurring and experimentally-induced cases of leg weakness was less than that of control preparations, both before and after partial neuromuscular blockade, significantly so at the lower pulse frequencies used. 5. It is tentatively suggested that the last finding might be of significance in explaining the clinical signs of leg weakness and might be associated with a disordered calcium metabolism.
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PMID:Neuromuscular studies of turkeys with trienbolone acetate-induced and naturally occurring "leg weakness". 726 Jul 2

Primary adrenal insufficiency is characterized by cortisol and aldosterone deficiency; in the secondary form, cortisol alone is decreased. The symptoms are usually nonspecific and include hypotension, weight loss, and fatigue; volume depletion, hyperkalemia, and hyperpigmentation may be present in the primary form but are uncommon in the secondary form. The most common cause of secondary adrenal insufficiency is steroid therapy, which produces adrenal suppression in relation to the dose and duration of use. Sudden withdrawal may precipitate adrenal crisis; therapy must be continued until adrenocortical function recovers. Because cortisol deficiency increases vulnerability to stress, patients with known or suspected adrenal insufficiency require glucocorticoid prophylaxis before any surgical procedure, major or minor. Hydrocortisone, not cortisone acetate, should be used.
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PMID:Preventing adrenal insufficiency during surgery. 737 7

In two experiments, sister pairs of chicks, one dwarf (dw) and one nondwarf (Dw+), were reared in individual cages to 5 weeks of age. Chicks carrying the sex-linked recessive dw gene were identified at hatching by the closely linked fast feathering gene (k). The dwarf chicks showed a 27% reduction in weight gain, a reduced body temperature, increased carcass content of lipid, and increased lipid 14C activity from injected 14C-labeled acetate. The augmented accumulation of carcass lipid in the dwarf chicks was shown to be a result of increased lipogenesis and decreased energy expenditure. An autosomal dominant gene for naked-neck (Na), present in half of the pairs of chicks, also caused increased lipogenesis. Naked-neck birds showed increased energy expenditure in a cool environment and perhaps a greater flexibility of body temperature regulation. An interaction between the dw and Na genes was apparent under cool environmental conditions and may have been due to a suppression by the dw gene of the Na gene's effect on thermoregulation, possibly by slowing down lipid degradation.
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PMID:Lipid and energy metabolism in chicks affected by dwarfism (dw) and Naked-neck (Na). 746 94

A 25-year-old patient presented with fever over a period of more than three months, night sweats, fatigue and a weight loss of more than 10 kg. A splenomegaly and an enlargement of cervical, thoracic and abdominal lymph nodes were found. The suspected malignant hematologic disorder could not be confirmed. Instead, epithelioid noncaseating granulomas in the bone marrow and a cervical lymph node as well as an elevated serum ACE and a lymphocytic alveolitis were found. These findings led us to the conclusion that the patient was suffering from sarcoidosis. Treatment with corticosteroids resulted in complete regression of all symptoms, including the splenomegaly and the enlargement of the lymph nodes. Sarcoidosis is an important consideration in differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin, even in the absence of pathological changes on X-ray films of the chest.
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PMID:[Fever of unknown origin]. 763 Nov

One hundred and three acromegalic patients from 14 medical centers were enrolled in this study to determine the efficacy and safety of the somatostatin analog, octreotide acetate, during long term treatment. Seventy percent of the patients had undergone previous surgery or radiation treatment. Octreotide was initiated at a dose of 100 micrograms, sc, every 8 h and gradually increased to a maximum of 1500 micrograms daily depending upon the individual patient's clinical and biochemical response [GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) reduction]. The mean duration of treatment was 24 months (range, 3-30 months). However, most patients were treated for a mean of 30 months, because this study took place after an initial 6-month study previously reported. Mean serum GH fell from 30.9 micrograms/L (range, 2.7-350) to 5.7 micrograms/L (range, 0.6-59) at the 3 months visit and remained suppressed (P < 0.001). Plasma IGF-I concentrations were also significantly reduced and remained in the normal range for at least half of the treatment visits in 56 of 87 patients (64%) treated for 12-30 months. Patients with higher initial GH concentrations were less likely to normalize IGF-I concentrations during treatment (P < 0.001). There was no evidence of drug tachyphylaxis in those patients who continued taking stable doses of medication. With some exceptions, dose increments above 800 micrograms daily in 31 patients did not provide additional benefit in terms of GH and IGF-I reduction. Headache, excessive perspiration, fatigue, and joint pain were ameliorated in 83-95% of patients. Mean finger circumference was decreased significantly at the 12 month visit (P < 0.05). The most common adverse events reported were diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, loose stools, and nausea; these symptoms usually disappeared within 3 months of treatment. Five patients discontinued octreotide because of adverse events. Of 102 patients with normal baseline ultrasound examinations of the gallbladder, 24 patients (23.5%) developed gallstones (usually during the first year of treatment), and 21 patients developed sludge alone. Gallstone formation was not related to the dose of octreotide. Most patients with cholelithiasis were asymptomatic, and none developed cholecystitis. These observations suggest that octreotide is a valuable long term medical treatment for acromegaly.
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PMID:Safety and efficacy of long-term octreotide therapy of acromegaly: results of a multicenter trial in 103 patients--a clinical research center study. 767 22

Although exercise testing has been advocated to unmask proarrhythmic potentials in patients receiving flecainide acetate, the effects of this drug on exercise parameters in individuals without structural heart disease have not been reported. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of flecainide on hemodynamics and electrocardiographic changes during exercise testing in 24 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, who had normal cardiac structure and sinus node function. Paired treadmill exercise tests using the Bruce protocol were performed after 1 week of treatment with flecainide (200 mg/day) or placebo in a double-blind, randomized design. Exercise testing was terminated because of either fatigue or dyspnea in all subjects. Although resting heart rate was unaffected, flecainide reduced the exercise heart rate (expressed as a percentage of age-predicted maximum) compared with placebo (84 +/- 12% vs. 92 +/- 9%, p < 0.001). Neither resting and exercise systolic blood pressure nor exercise duration were affected. PR interval shortening with exercise was not affected by flecainide, whereas QRS was prolonged compared with placebo (20 +/- 9% vs. 0 +/- 8%, p < 0.01). Compared with placebo, flecainide significantly shortened QTc (-7 +/- 12% vs. 0 +/- 8%, p < 0.05) and JTc (-34 +/- 11% vs. -21 +/- 11%, p < 0.01) intervals during exercise. During exercise, flecainide produced significant depression in the sinus node automaticity and manifested use-dependent slowing of ventricular conduction and acceleration in ventricular repolarization.
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PMID:Effects of flecainide on exercise hemodynamics and electrocardiography in patients without structural heart disease. 774 84

Our objective was to assess the effects of increased propionate supply on gut and liver function in lactating cows. Four multicatheterized, primiparous cows (30.4 +/- .5 kg/d of milk) were fed for ad libitum intake a diet of 50% alfalfa hay and 50% concentrate (20.6 +/- 1.9 kg/d of DM, 226 +/- 21 MJ/d of metabolizable energy, and 611 +/- 56 g/d of N). Each cow received intramesenteric infusions of NaCl (control) or Na-propionate (150 mmol/h of a 2.5 M solution) in a reversal design. After 72 h of infusion, blood flow (by indicator dilution) and net flux (venoarterial differences multiplied by blood flow) were measured across portal-drained viscera and the liver. Energy supply from feed consumed and from infusion was similar between treatments. Energy that was excreted as milk decreased with propionate infusion. Propionate infusion increased arterial concentration of propionate; decreased absorption of acetate, butyrate, and valerate; and decreased hepatic removal of L-lactate, butyrate, valerate, NEFA, and oxygen. Propionate infusion decreased splanchnic release of glucose and increased splanchnic release of acetate and alanine. Net flux of urea, BHBA, insulin, or glucagon was unaffected by treatments. Our data show a link between a greater proportion of energy supplied as propionate and decreased energy excreted as milk. This response was associated with decreased net removal of glucogenic and ketogenic substrates by the liver and increased supply of acetate for use by peripheral tissues.
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PMID:Effect of mesenteric vein infusion of propionate on splanchnic metabolism in primiparous Holstein cows. 781 5


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