Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dr. Halfdan Mahler, former Secretary-General of the International Planned Parenthood Federation, gave this speech on the occasion of the acceptance of the UN Population Award. Dr. Mahler states that the hope for the future rests with the ability of people to make women productive as well as reproductive in social and economic development. If population efforts are successful, our children and grandchildren will still inherit a world with a population of about 10 billion, but there will be hope. Although inequalities and strains between peoples and nations will continue, the competition for scarce resources will be lessened, and women will not be trapped by absolute poverty, unwanted pregnancy, and perpetual fatigue. The price of failure is intolerable human suffering on a massive scale. Future hope is dependent on women having control over their own fertility. Currently over 50 million women still have unwanted pregnancies, and tens of millions of unwanted children are born each year. Women, men, and youth have a right to make free, informed and responsible choices regarding their sexual and reproductive lives. Unacceptable practices which must be stopped include female genital mutilation, premature marriage, and the sale of women into prostitution. International principles must be translated into actions that empower women to exercise their rights. Governments have a responsibility to provide women with information, education, and services. Governments must exercise political will. Before the year 2000 about 200-300 million couples and individuals should be given access to family planning information and modern contraceptive methods. Many of the population with unmet need are hard to reach and are marginalized in slums and rural squalor. A coordinated effort with private and nongovernmental organizations will be needed in the effort to reach this population. Opposition will be imposed by men at the expense of women. Anti-women ideology is masked as religion or morality. Teenagers must be given the same tools of reproductive health as couples. Abortion restrictions only drive abortion into unsafe settings, which increase maternal mortality risk.
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PMID:The world of our grandchildren. 1234 72

Reductionist approaches have provided little insight on the fatigue experienced by humans during activities of daily living. Some of the reasons for this lack of progress include the persistence of outdated concepts, the misinterpretation of experimental recordings, and a failure to embrace a global perspective on fatigue. This paper summarizes the three examples of these limitations that were discussed in the 2011 Muybridge Award lecture: motor unit types and muscle fatigue, myoelectric manifestations of fatigue, and fatigue and fatigability. Although the motor units in a population do exhibit a range of fatigability values, there are not distinct groups of motor units and the concept that some motor units are resistant to fatigue emerged from protocols in which motor units were activated by electrical stimulation rather than voluntary activation. The concept of distinct motor unit types should be abandoned. The second example discussed in the lecture was the use of surface EMG signals to assess fatigue-related adjustments in motor unit activity. The critical assumption with this approach is that the association between surface EMG amplitude and muscle force remains constant during fatiguing contractions. Unfortunately, the relation does not remain constant and a series of computational studies demonstrate the magnitude of the discrepancy, including the absence of an association with the activation signal emerging from the spinal cord and that received by the muscle. The third example concerned the concepts of fatigue and fatigability. It has long been recognized that fatigue involves both sensations and impairments in motor function, and the final part of the lecture urged the integration of the two constructs into a single scheme in which fatigue can be modulated either independently or by interactions between perceptions of fatigue and the mechanisms that establish levels of fatigability. The expectation is that such critical evaluations of the concepts and approaches to the study of fatigue will provide a more effective foundation from which to identify the factors that contribute to fatigue in health and disease.
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PMID:Muscle fatigue--from motor units to clinical symptoms. 2219 85