Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different environmental conditions on physiological response to exercise. Four winter acclimatised, nonheat acclimated horses of different breeds were exercised at 20 degrees C/40% RH (CD), 30 degrees C/40% RH (HD) and 30 degrees C/80% RH (HH). The exercise test was designed to represent the structure and intensity of a One star Speed and Endurance test (competition exercise test [CET]). All 4 horses were able to complete the full CET (60 min + 30 min active recovery) in CD and HD, but only one horse completed the CET in HH. Two horses were stopped because of pronounced general fatigue and one because of a right atrial temperature (TRA) of 43 degrees C. Oxygen uptake on each phase was not different between CD and HD, but was higher during Phases B, C and D in HH. Mean peak TRA at the end of Phase D was 40.3 +/- 0.2, 41.6 +/- 0.4 and 42 +/- 0.3 degrees C for CD, HD and HH, respectively. Corresponding, mean peak rectal temperatures (TREC) following Phase D were 39.5 +/- 0.1, 40.6 +/- 0.1 and 41.5 +/- 0.1 degree C for CD, HD and HH, respectively. Mean time to peak TREC was 9.3 +/- 1.1 (CD), 7.3 +/- 1.8 (HD) and 10.8 +/- 2.3 (HH) min and was not significantly different between conditions (P > 0.05). Heat dissipation amounted to 83 +/- 1, 73 +/- 2 and 70 +/- 1% of heat production in CD, HD and HH, respectively. Weight loss was significantly correlated with both body surface area (CD r = 0.85; HD r = 0.87; HH r = 0.81) and bodyweight (CD r = 0.97; HD r = 0.93; HH r = 0.94). The greatest weight loss recorded was 4.6% bodyweight in one horse in HD. The mean increase in exercise intensity over the whole CET (in terms of VO2) of HD and HH and HH compared with CD was 5 +/- 3 and 14 +/- 3% higher, respectively. The exercise induced hyperthermia and the reduced capacity for heat dissipation produced partial compensatory responses in minute ventilation (VE), particularly during Phase C, when the horses were trotting. In HD, the increase in VE was achieved mainly through an increase in frequency, whilst in HH it was achieved through an increase in tidal volume (VT). The horses demonstrated a high degree of tolerance to environmental heat load, suggesting a high thermoregulatory capacity. However, for unacclimatised animals exercising in severely hot and humid conditions, performance may be limited.
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PMID:Physiological responses in nonheat acclimated horses performing treadmill exercise in cool (20 degrees C/40% RH), hot dry (30 degrees C/40% RH) and hot humid (30 degrees C/80% RH) conditions. 889 53

Coronavirus infections have emerged as epidemic and pandemic threats in last two decades. After the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009, recently diagnosed novel betacoronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has spread across 203 countries and territories in all 5 major continents. World Health Organization (WHO) declared this as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. Subsequently on February 11, 2020 a new name was given to this disease i.e. COVID-19 by an expert group from WHO. As of April 12, 2020, 10:00 CET, GMT+2:00, 1,696,588 confirmed cases and 105,952 confirmed deaths have been reported to the WHO. (Coronavirus disease 2019, situation report 83). It possibly originated from a small animal market in Wuhan, China. A cluster of patients were admitted with unusual pneumonia not responding to treatment in various hospitals. Epidemiological, genomic analysis and correlation with other coronaviruses led to the isolation of new coronavirus, closely resembling the bat coronaviruses, from such patients in Wuhan. They were identified as the SARS-CoV-2. This virus infection presents as influenza like illness in the affected people. Fever, cough, respiratory distress with fatigue, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting are common symptoms seen in adults. This may progress on to severe respiratory distress, hypoxia, need for oxygen supplementation and ventilator support as seen in patients in the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic (2003) in Guangdong, China. The transmissibility of SARS-CoV-1 was less as compared to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and it was well controlled with good public health efforts. The present COVID-19 epidemic is still in the acceleration phase of 3 and 4 in various countries. Without any effective antiviral agents available at present, the need of the hour is early case detection, isolation of cases, use of good preventive care measures by the household contacts and in the hospital set up. The results of ongoing clinical trials on hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin alone or in combination and a new antiviral agent remdesivir may help to treat some of the infections. A need for effective vaccine is being seen an as good preventive strategy in this pandemic. However the results of clinical trials and incorporation of vaccines in public health programs is a long way to go.
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PMID:An overview of coronaviruses including the SARS-2 coronavirus - Molecular biology, epidemiology and clinical implications. 3257 77