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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and the rate of relaxation of the diaphragm (tau) were measured at functional residual capacity (FRC) in six normal seated subjects during single-twitch stimulation of both phrenic nerves. The latter were stimulated supramaximally with needle electrodes with square-wave impulses of 0.1-ms duration at 1 Hz before and after diaphragmatic fatigue produced by resistive loaded breathing. Constancy of chest wall configuration was achieved by monitoring the diameter of the abdomen and the rib cage with a respiratory inductive plethysmograph system. During control the peak Pdi generated during the phrenic stimulation amounted to 34.4 +/- 4.2 (SE) cmH2O and represented in each subject a fixed fraction (17%) of its maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure. After diaphragmatic fatigue the peak Pdi decreased by an average of 45%, amounting to 18.1 +/- 2.7 cmH2O 5 min after the fatigue run, and tau increased from 55.2 +/- 9 ms during control to 77 +/- 8 ms 5 min after the fatigue run. The decrease in peak Pdi and the increase in tau observed after the fatigue run persisted throughout the 30 min of the recovery period studied, the peak Pdi amounting to 18.4 +/- 2.8 and 18.9 +/- 3.3 cmH2O and tau to 81.3 +/- 5.7 and 88.7 +/- 10 ms at 15 and 30 min after the end of the fatigue run, respectively. It is concluded that diaphragmatic fatigue can be detected in man by bilateral phrenic stimulation with needle electrodes without any discomfort for the subject and that the decrease in diaphragmatic strength after fatigue is long lasting.
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PMID:Bilateral phrenic stimulation: a simple technique to assess diaphragmatic fatigue in humans. 396 23

Unilateral adrenal tuberculosis is a very rare disease. A 66-year-old woman presented with epigastric discomfort and general fatigue. Abdominal CT scan revealed a homogeneous mass shadow in the right adrenal region. Findings of physical examination were normal except that the patient was obese. Hormonal data were in normal range. Adrenal scintiscanning demonstrated no RI uptake in the right adrenal gland. Right adrenalectomy was performed under the diagnosis of nonfunctioning tumor of the right adrenal gland. Histopathological examination, however, revealed typical tuberculosis with Langhans' type of giant cells and infiltrated lymphocytes. Of 322, 148 autopsies performed during the twelve years between 1970 and 1981 in Japan, 228 cases of adrenal tuberculosis were recognized. Furthermore, only 18 cases had tuberculous regions in the adrenal gland alone.
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PMID:[Tuberculosis of the contralateral adrenal gland: a case report]. 402 81

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects on driving ability of the new analgesic ethyl-N-(2-amino-6-(4-fluor-phenylmethylamino) pyridin-3-yl) carbamate (flupirtine, D 9998) in comparison with pentazocine and placebo. Flupirtine was tested in a double blind cross-over experiment in 12 healthy volunteers using 7 different tests which are known to correspond to the most important aspects of driving ability. Subjects were given 3 consecutive doses of flupirtine of 100 mg each and tested following the first and third administration. The comparison drug pentazocine and placebo were administered in the same dosage regimen (a single dose of pentazocine amounting to 50 mg). Significant differences between flupirtine and placebo could not be detected. Following single dosage of pentazocine subjects more often reported a general feeling of discomfort, including nausea, dizziness and motion sickness, than was the case after administration of flupirtine. While single administration of pentazocine did not produce any significant differences from placebo, multiple administration resulted in both objective and subjective fatigue symptoms. It was concluded that flupirtine, in contrast to pentazocine, did not produce any impairment in driving ability in healthy volunteers.
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PMID:[The effect of the analgesic flupirtine on automobile driving]. 403 55

The acute effects of toluene were studied in 43 male printers and 43 control subjects matched according to sex, age, educational level, and smoking habits. The mean age of the subjects was 36 (range 29-50) years. The printers had been exposed to solvents for 9 to 25 years during employment at flexo and rotogravure printing plants, while the controls had no history of solvent exposure. Each subject was exposed once in a climate chamber to either 100 ppm of toluene or clean air for 6.5 h preceded by a 1-h acclimatization period. The effects of toluene were measured from subjective votes with linear analogue rating scales on 16 items, and on the performance of 10 different tests measuring psychomotor skills, perceptual skills, and vigilance. Exposure to 100 ppm of toluene compared with exposure to clean air caused discomfort with complaints of low air quality, strong odor, fatigue, sleepiness, a feeling of intoxication, and irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. Furthermore, the subjects exposed to toluene showed decreased manual dexterity, decreased color discrimination, and decreased accuracy in visual perception. There was no significant difference in the effects of toluene on printers compared to those of toluene on controls, but tendencies toward a greater sensitivity were seen for the printers in two tests.
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PMID:Response of solvent-exposed printers and unexposed controls to six-hour toluene exposure. 405 90

Recent review articles have confirmed that pleasure is a potent drive inducing forms of behavior adapted to physiological needs, especially in the case of temperature regulation and food-and-water intake. This point is accepted in the present article. The hypothesis of the usefulness of pleasure is pushed one step further by examining the results of experiments on conflicting motivations. In a conflict of fatigue vs thermal discomfort human subjects in a first series of sessions rated their fatigue and their thermal discomfort while walking on a treadmill placed in a climatic chamber. In further series of sessions the subjects could select either the treadmill slope or the ambient temperature. During these sessions the subjects behaved in such a way as to maximize the two-dimensional pleasure (or minimize the two-dimensional displeasure). Rats placed in a conflict of motivations of palatability vs cold discomfort behaved in a way that can also be interpreted as a tendency to maximize pleasure. It is therefore suggested that sensory pleasure is an incentive to useful behavior, and maximization of pleasure the answer to physiological conflicts.
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PMID:Preferring for pleasure. 406 61

We have reviewed the histories of 320 patients in whom a diagnosis of coronary heart disease was ultimately established and traced the symptoms back to their first appearance. In 51% the first symptom was effort angina. Difficulties in recognition arose when the symptom was localized to an unusual site, when its occurrence was dependent on a combination of exercise with cold or a recent meal, or when it was induced by excitement rather than by effort. In a quarter of the cases the onset of angina was abrupt, and in these there was usually evidence of acute infarction.In 43% of cases the first symptom was an attack of pain or discomfort in the torso occurring without any discernable precipitating factor. Again, diagnosis was difficult when the pain was in an atypical site and also when it was of brief duration associated with skeletal or abdominal disease which could cause pain at the same site, or if the patient was able to undertake strenuous exertion. In four patients cardiac pain was first experienced during a paroxysm of tachycardia. In 6% of cases the onset was marked by a symptom other than pain-most frequently dyspnoea, tiredness, faintness, or syncope.Clinical examination was of no direct value in diagnosis. Its importance lay in disclosing factors which had to be taken into account in interpreting the electrocardiogram. The electrocardiogram was invaluable, though by no means infallible. In over half of the patients the first tracing showed major abnormalities of coronary type, and nearly a quarter more showed minor S-T/T depression consistent with coronary disease. Ten per cent. showed miscellaneous abnormalities, such as left ventricular hypertrophy or bundle-branch block, and 15% no definite abnormality.There is as yet no completely reliable objective method of diagnosing early coronary heart disease, so that the recognition of symptoms remains of paramount importance.
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PMID:Earliest symptoms of coronary heart disease and their recognition. 502 16

Pain in the back and lower limbs due to lumbar disorders has a multifactorial etiology, and there is no clear relationship between the morbid pathological change observed and the symptoms experienced. Of the precipitating factors, unaccustomed heavy work, postural fatigue, and injury are common. "Back injury," however, embodies a variety of phenomena, few of which can readily be distinguished either in national statistical data or in previous epidemiologic studies. Thus the causal relationship between back pain and work is far from clear, a difficulty compounded by the prevalence of back symptoms in all groups of the population. There are few epidemiologically established methods for identifying people who are susceptible to a first attack of back pain, though, once back pain has been reported, recurrence may be predicted. Selection of the preventive approach depends on reliable information about the prevalence of back pain/discomfort, the back injury rate, sickness absence, etc; about accidents, work stoppages, job turnover, or any other pointers to the design of the workplace or work practices; and about the resulting losses of productivity and the costs of the remedy. Though the decisions are up to management, the quality of the information required is mainly an occupational health responsibility.
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PMID:Causes, prediction and prevention of back pain at work. 624 75

Report of a 43-year-old male with Ankylosing Spondylitis. A bilateral fatigue fracture of the neck of femor discovered by plain X-ray caused only minimal discomfort.
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PMID:[Bilateral fatigue fracture of the femur neck in Bechterew disease. Case report]. 651 54

Fundamental and clinical studies on a new cephamycin antibiotic, cefotetan (CTT) was carried out under a joint study programme, in order to evaluate the usefulness of the drug in treating infections of the female genital organs. The results obtained were as follows. CTT was readily transported to female genital organ tissues, and the concentrations of the drug exceeded 20 micrograms/g in various organ tissues in about 1 hour, following intravenous injection of 1 g. A level of more than 1 microgram/g was maintained even 12 hours after the injection. The transport of CTT to various tissues was also studied following intravenous drip of 1 g in 30 minutes or 1 hour. The results were similar to those following intravenous injection. The peak concentration of the drug in the dead space exudate tended to appear slightly later than those in the organ tissues. However, the concentration reached a level of more than 10 micrograms/ml following intravenous injection of 1 g. Clinical effects of CTT were analyzed in 225 patients, including 65 cases with intrauterine infection, 60 cases with intrapelvic infection, 22 cases with external genital infection, 55 cases with adnexitis, 8 cases with mastitis, 8 cases with postoperative wound infection and 7 cases with other infections. Excellent response was seen in 53 (23.6%), moderate response in 150 (66.7%), and no response in 22 (9.8%). The rate of response was calculated as 90.2%. Safety of the drug was analyzed in 273 patients, and side effects occurred in 11 (4.0%) patients. Of these 11 patients, rash was seen in 4 patients, rash accompanying edema in 1, rash accompanying diarrhea in 1, chest discomfort in 2 and feeling of general fatigue in 2. Abnormal values in clinical laboratory findings were seen in 10 patients. Elevations of transaminase were seen in 7 patients, and no other changes of particular note appeared.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefotetan in obstetrics and gynecology]. 658 44

Six adult males performed tooth clenching for 10 and 80 s at maximum voluntary contraction strength (MVC). Motor activity in the right and left masseter muscles was monitored by surface electromyography. Local temperatures of both cheeks were monitored by a thermocouple. MVC activity for 80 s induced pain and fatigue in both muscles; 10 s of clenching caused no muscle discomfort. Ice, subsequently applied to the right cheek for 30 min, lowered the temperature of the cheek and masseter muscle. The isometric MVC exercises were then repeated. During 10 s of isometric contraction, MVC motor activity in the cooled masseter muscle was significantly increased by 29 per cent; that of the non-cooled contralateral muscle was insignificantly reduced by 12 per cent. During 80 s of clenching, MVC motor activity in the cooled muscle was significantly increased by 30 per cent; that of the non-cooled muscle was insignificantly reduced by 4 per cent. MVC activity for 80 s by the cooled muscle caused no pain and fatigue, but the discomforts continued in the non-cooled muscle. Increased MVC alpha motor activity in the cooled masseter muscle might have resulted from motor facilitation that was mediated by cutaneous, muscular or mucosal cold receptors, or it might have been due to the absence of pain and fatigue.
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PMID:Effects of topical cooling on isometric contractions of the human masseter muscle. 659 96


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