Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interferons have now been used in both prophylaxis and treatment of a number of human viral infections. The major action has been as a prophylactic for sites within the body that are not yet involved by disease. Such a prophylactic effect can be obtained early in the treatment of acute viral infection or even during chronic viral disease. Both local and systemic prophylaxis have been achieved with regard to both respiratory and herpesviral illness. In addition, Dane particle suppression can be achieved consistently with dosages of 10(6) units or greater daily to patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. In certain cases with prolonged therapy there can be permanent eradication. With leucocyte-derived material of approximately 10(6) or 10(7) units per milligram protein, the major side effects have been an initial febrile response, fatigue, malaise, marrow suppression, and inhibition of hair growth. So far, side effects have been rapidly reversible on lowering of dosage. Present studies with the use of lymphoblastoid interferon and bacterial-derived interferon employ materials of significantly greater specific activity. Such experience suggests that the same general side effects that were limiting with leucocyte interferon are present with interferon produced from recombinant DNA by bacterial as well as with lymphoblastoid interferon.
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PMID:Interferons as antivirals in man. 618 84

During a 10-yr period starting January 1973, 123 patients with a carcinoma at the head of the pancreas underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at our hospital. Analysis of their case histories revealed that the early complaints of pancreatic head carcinoma are rather nonspecific--sudden onset of diabetes mellitus (33.3%), weight loss (80.5%), tiredness and malaise (42.3%), change in bowel habits (41.5%), and upper abdominal discomfort (22.0%)--and that jaundice (88.6%) and classic pain (70.7%) are late symptoms. The diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (92.7%) was much higher than that of computed tomography (58.5%) and echography (54.4%). The patients were divided according to the maximal tumor diameter into three groups: group 1, tumor diameter ranging between 2.5 and 4.0 cm; group 2, tumor diameter ranging between 4.5 and 6.0 cm; and group 3, tumor diameter ranging between 7.0 and 15.0 cm. The tumor diameter did not correlate with the degree of differentiation. Extension of the tumor, vascular involvement, and metastases were evaluated for the several tumor diameters. The tumor was, in principle, operable in 77% of group 1 patients; in 24% of group 2 patients; and in 9% of group 3 patients. Tumors less than 3 cm in diameter were always resectable; tumors greater than 8 cm in diameter were seldom (9%) resectable. A curative resection was performed in 22.0% of the patients. The 4-yr survival of these patients was 44% as opposed to no survivors among the patients who had received only palliative or symptomatic treatment. During the decade, there was a tendency toward the diagnosis of smaller tumors (mean tumor diameter decreased from 9.0 +/- 1.7 to 5.4 +/- 2.8 cm) with a higher chance of resectability (from 25% to 44%).
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PMID:Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Therapeutic implications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography findings. 620 85

6 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were treated with intravenous infusion of 100-200 million IU per day of human leukocyte interferon. Side effects of treatment included fever, chills, malaise, nausea, marked leukopenia, mild anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Tiredness, confusion, papilledema, and overall signs of acute encephalitis were observed. Tendon reflexes and muscle force decreased. EEG activity was slowed, and evoked potentials showed significant slowing of conduction times. Neuropsychological tests revealed congitive dysfunction. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion developed in all patients. All side effects were reversible with cessation of interferon treatment.
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PMID:Neurotoxic and other side effects of high-dose interferon in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 620 81

Illness associated adenovirus infection is described in 15 immunocompromised patients. Patients were immunocompromised by severe underlying disease, immunosuppressive or corticosteroid therapy or by age (prematurity). Evidence of adenovirus infection was obtained by either viral isolation or, in two cases, characteristic adenovirus inclusion bodies at postmortem study. All clinical illness was associated with high fever (temperature greater than 39 degrees C). Eighty per cent of the patients had severe systemic complaints including malaise, lethargy, fatigue and night sweats; a similar number of gastrointestinal symptoms. Pulmonary complaints were described in 11 of 15 cases and included cough (67 per cent) and tachypnea (53 per cent). Roentgenologic evidence of pneumonia was demonstrated in 12 of 15 patients (80 per cent). Elevation of serum hepatic enzyme levels (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)) occurred in eight of 11 patients (73 per cent) and was moderate to severe (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase greater than 450 IU/liter) in five of 11 (45 per cent). Nine patients died; seven after a rapid downhill course and two after a prolonged illness. Evidence of adenovirus infection microscopically by autopsy in the lung, liver or both is demonstrated in four patients with fulminant systemic illness. Adenovirus infection should be considered in the etiology of severe overwhelming illness in the immunocompromised host.
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PMID:Adenovirus infection in the immunocompromised patient. 624 99

One thousand four hundred and two patients with essential hypertension were treated by their general practitioners for 3 months with one tablet daily consisting of 200 mg acebutolol plus 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide: 813 were newly diagnosed and 589 were known hypertensives already on treatment. There was no 'wash-out' period before the latter changed to the study treatment. Newly diagnosed hypertensives had an average initial mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 129.9 mm Hg which fell on average by 18.2% during the study: 79% of patients had good results with final MAP levels less than 113 mm Hg (equivalent to e.g., 160/90 mm Hg), and a further 7% also had good results in that MAP fell more than 15%, another 12.5% had moderate results (falls of 5% to 15%): and only 1.5% had poor results (fell less than 5%). Known hypertensives had an average MAP of 127 mm Hg on previous treatment, which fell on average by 15.4% during this study: 70% of patients had good results with final MAP levels less than 113 mm Hg and a further 7% also had good results in that MAP fell more than 15%: 18% had moderate results and 3% poor results. Pulse rate fell by 12.5% in newly diagnosed and 10% in known treated hypertensives. If allowance is made for withdrawals due to side-effects and to the need for more than one tablet of Secadrex daily, then over all 75.7% had a good blood pressure response to study medication, 13.7% a moderate response and 10.7% a poor response. Adverse effects caused the withdrawal of 4% of newly diagnosed and 5% of treated hypertensives, predominantly nausea/vomiting, lassitude/fatigue and malaise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Treatment of essential hypertension with beta-blocker plus diuretic: a study of 1402 patients treated by general practitioners with acebutolol 200 mg combined with hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg ('Secadrex') once daily for 3 months. 637 43

This study was designed to evaluate the clinical tolerance to multiple IM injections of rDNA-produced human alpha-2 interferon (IFN) (Schering-Plough 30500) in patients with solid tumours. IFN was administered in escalating IM doses in separate groups of patients daily for 14 days and then twice weekly for a further 10 weeks. The dosage levels were 1, 3, 10, and 30 million U/injection. Subjective toxicity could be divided into two types, acute and chronic. The acute reactions took the form of an influenza-like syndrome consisting in chills, rigors, headache, tremor, nausea, vomiting, and myalgia. These symptoms were dose-related but tachyphylaxis developed with continued dosing. The chronic toxicity consisted of malaise, lethargy, fatigue, anorexia, and confusion. These symptoms were not so dose-dependent and tended to become more severe with prolonged treatment. Objective toxicity consisted of myelosuppression and liver dysfunction. Granulocyte counts below 1.0 X 10(9)/l were seen in three patients at the 30-million-U level, with platelet counts less than 100 X 10(9)/l in two of these. Elevation of the liver enzymes were seen in all five patients treated at 30 million U, but returned to normal after 1 week without IFN in all but one patient. A tolerable dose (IM) for phase II/III studies lies between 3 and 10 million U for daily scheduling and between 10 and 30 million U for twice-weekly injections.
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PMID:A phase I toxicity study of human rDNA interferon in patients with solid tumours. 646 93

Within a three-year period 712 patients with Campylobacter jejuni infection were diagnosed at our laboratory in Helsinki and 524 (72%) were treated as outpatients. More than half (57%) of the patients became infected when abroad, chiefly during holiday trips in the Mediterranean and in East European countries. The risk of acquiring infection was about 250 times greater abroad than in Finland, and it differed considerably from country to country, being highest in Morocco and Tunisia. Among domestic cases the incidence of infection was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) during the summer and autumn months than during winter or spring. Animal contact prior to infection was reported in 59% of domestic and 31% of imported cases, and previous consumption of poultry in 28% and 42% of those from whom information was obtained. Besides diarrhoea (98%), the main symptoms included abdominal pain (87%), fatigue (81%), fever (78%), malaise (70%) and headache (51%). Arthralgia was observed in 19% and arthritis in 2% of patients. The mean duration of diarrhoea was 10.8 days, of fever 2.8 days.
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PMID:Infection due to Campylobacter jejuni: a report of 524 outpatients. 646 63

We studied 35 patients with chronic meningitis. The neurological abnormalities included aseptic meningitis, cranial neuropathy (mostly facial palsy), motor and sensory peripheral radiculoneuropathy, and myelitis. Neurological symptoms were sometimes preceded by erythema chronicum migrans or an insect bite and were often accompanied by fever, malaise, profound fatigue, and weight loss. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities consisted of a predominantly mononuclear pleocytosis, an elevated CSF protein (mean 2.3 g/l), intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G, and, in half of the patients, a fall in the CSF/blood glucose ratio. High antibody titers to the Lyme spirochete and the Swedish Ixodes ricinus spirochete were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in 26 of the 35 patients. By imprint immunofixation of electrofocused samples of serum and CSF, intrathecal production of oligoclonal Lyme-spirochete-specific IgG was demonstrated in one patient with chronic meningitis. Four sequential paired samples of serum and CSF from this patient showed local synthesis of spirochete-specific antibodies in CSF. The 35 patients improved or recovered, sometimes dramatically, during a two-week course of intravenous penicillin G.
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PMID:Chronic meningitis and Lyme disease in Sweden. 651 51

Unstable angina pectoris and feelings of fatigue and general malaise are often mentioned as premonitory symptoms of myocardial infarction. From a psychological point of view these feelings of fatigue and malaise reflect a syndrome of vital exhaustion and depression (VED). A questionnaire which measures this syndrome was given to 3,571 males who participated in a voluntary health check up. It was found that the prevalence of "imminent myocardial infarction," defined as unstable angina pectoris plus electrocardiographic signs of ischaemia, was more than four times higher among exhausted and depressive persons, than among persons not so affected.
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PMID:Imminent myocardial infarction: a psychological study. 652 Mar 93

The aim of this study was to examine the development of the clinical appearance of primary hyperparathyroidism in a material of 334 patients operated on for PHPT in the years 1956-79. The material was divided into three parts: 72 patients from the years 1956-70, 102 patients from the years 1971-75 and 160 patients from the years 1976-79. A marked change was observed in the structure of the material: the mean age of both men and women increased, and the group of women over 50 years became dominating. Symptoms such as renal stones, cystic bone changes and hypercalcaemic crisis proportionally decreased, and nonspecific symptoms as malaise, fatigue and various pains increased. The number of asymptomatic patients also steadily increased. The preoperative serum calcium values were lower in the consecutive groups. The number of small adenomas increased but, on the other hand, the number of big adenomas remained the same. The ratio between single adenomas and multiglandular disease remained unchanged in the three periods. In our material, the general development of the clinical appearance of PHPT seems to have taken only one decade. In the latest period PHPT has been diagnosed considerably more often than before, and the disease has usually been treated at an earlier stage. However, the severe forms of the disease have been diagnosed as frequently in all of the periods.
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PMID:The changing picture of primary hyperparathyroidism in the years 1956-1979. 652 34


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