Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Toxigenic mold activities produce metabolites that are either broad-spectrum antibiotics or mycotoxins that are cytotoxic. Indoor environmental exposure to these toxigenic molds leads to adverse health conditions with the main outcome measure of frequent neuroimmunologic and behavioral consequences. One of the immune system disorders found in patients presenting with toxigenic mold exposure is an abnormal natural killer cell activity. This paper presents an overview of the neurological significance of abnormal natural killer cell (NKC) activity in chronic toxigenic mold exposure. A comprehensive review of the literature was carried out to evaluate and assess the conditions under which the immune system could be dysfunctionally interfered with leading to abnormal NKC activity and the involvement of mycotoxins in these processes. The functions, mechanism, the factors that influence NKC activities, and the roles of mycotoxins in NKCs were cited wherever necessary. The major presentations are headache, general debilitating pains, nose bleeding, fevers with body temperatures up to 40 degrees C (104 degrees F), cough, memory loss, depression, mood swings, sleep disturbances, anxiety, chronic fatigue, vertigo/dizziness, and in some cases, seizures. Although sleep is commonly considered a restorative process that is important for the proper functioning of the immune system, it could be disturbed by mycotoxins. Most likely, mycotoxins exert some rigorous effects on the circadian rhythmic processes resulting in sleep deprivation to which an acute and transient increase in NKC activity is observed. Depression, psychological stress, tissue injuries, malignancies, carcinogenesis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis could be induced at very low physiological concentrations by mycotoxin-induced NKC activity. In the light of this review, it is concluded that chronic exposures to toxigenic mold could lead to abnormal NKC activity with a wide range of neurological consequences, some of which were headache, general debilitating pains, fever, cough, memory loss, depression, mood swings, sleep disturbances, anxiety, chronic fatigue, and seizures.
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PMID:The neurological significance of abnormal natural killer cell activity in chronic toxigenic mold exposures. 1462 99

Early human pharmaco-EEG and subsequent sleep laboratory studies identified trazodone, a 5-HT(2) antagonist and 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SARI), as an antidepressant with therapeutic effects on its target symptoms depressed mood, anxiety and insomnia. On the occasion of the introduction of a controlled-release (CR) formulation (Trittico 150 mg retard, marketed in Austria by CSC Pharmaceuticals Handels GmbH, Vienna, Austria) in Austria in July 2000, a multi-center, open, clinical post-marketing study on the therapeutic effects, safety and target symptoms of trazodone CR in depression was carried out at 80 offices of Austrian neuropsychiatrists. 549 outpatients (63% females) of all age groups suffering from five different subtypes of depression were enrolled in the study. After a 2-week fixed dose-titration regimen up to 150 mg and a 4-week adjustment period to the optimum dose, 66% of the patients remained on 150 mg, 20% increased the dose and 11% decreased it. Only 3.7% discontinued treatment. Rating by the neuropsychiatrists based on the Clinical Global Impression showed very much to much improvement in 78.3% of the patients, and no change or a deterioration in only 3.6%. In the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) a statistically significant improvement from a baseline score of 21 to a score of 14 after 2 weeks was found, and a normalization to a score of 8 after 6 weeks. Therapeutic effects were similar in the five groups suffering from different subtypes of depression and in patients with and without comedication. Self-rating by the patients based on the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) also showed a significant improvement in the 2nd and 6th week of therapy. Evaluation of the target symptoms of trazodone by ranking the most improved symptoms identified insomnia as the most improved psychopathological item in all three scales. While in the observer ratings also suicidal tendencies and weight loss were found much improved, in the self-rated Zung SDS sadness and loss of drive came second and third in the improvement ranking, in the self-rated Zung SAS anxiety and the feeling of falling apart. Tolerability was very good. In the 2nd week only 16.9% and in the 6th week only 7.6% of the patients reported side effects, mostly characterized by tiredness and rarely by nausea and vertigo. The present clinical study is in agreement with previous studies identifying trazodone as a safe and effective antidepressant, specifically regarding its target symptoms insomnia, depression and anxiety. It also confirms our own early predictions based on neurophysiological investigations concerning the mode of action of the drug.
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PMID:Confirmation of the neurophysiologically predicted therapeutic effects of trazodone on its target symptoms depression, anxiety and insomnia by postmarketing clinical studies with a controlled-release formulation in depressed outpatients. 1467 18

Mitochondriopathies (MCPs) are either due to sporadic or inherited mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA located genes (primary MCPs), or due to exogenous factors (secondary MCPs). MCPs usually show a chronic, slowly progressive course and present with multiorgan involvement with varying onset between birth and late adulthood. Although several proteins with signalling, assembling, transport, enzymatic function can be impaired in MCP, most frequently the activity of the respiratory chain (RC) protein complexes is primarily or secondarily affected, leading to impaired oxygen utilization and reduced energy production. MCPs represent a diagnostic challenge because of their wide variation in presentation and course. Systems frequently affected in MCP are the peripheral nervous system (myopathy, polyneuropathy, lactacidosis), brain (leucencephalopathy, calcifications, stroke-like episodes, atrophy with dementia, epilepsy, upper motor neuron signs, ataxia, extrapyramidal manifestations, fatigue), endocrinium (short stature, hyperhidrosis, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypogonadism, amenorrhoea, delayed puberty), heart (impulse generation or conduction defects, cardiomyopathy, left ventricular non-compaction heart failure), eyes (cataract, glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, optic atrophy), ears (deafness, tinnitus, peripheral vertigo), guts (dysphagia, vomiting, diarrhoea, hepatopathy, pseudo-obstruction, pancreatitis, pancreas insufficiency), kidney (renal failure, cysts) and bone marrow (sideroblastic anaemia). Apart from well-recognized syndromes, MCP should be considered in any patient with unexplained progressive multisystem disorder. Although there is actually no specific therapy and cure for MCP, many secondary problems require specific treatment. The rapidly increasing understanding of the pathophysiological background of MCPs may further facilitate the diagnostic approach and open perspectives to future, possibly causative therapies.
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PMID:Mitochondriopathies. 1500 63

Several studies have shown that atmospheric conditions can affect well-being or disease, and that some individuals seem to be more sensitive to weather than others. Since epidemiological data on the prevalence of weather-related health effects are lacking, two representative weather sensitivity (WS) surveys were conducted independently in Germany and Canada. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to identify the prevalence of WS in Germany and Canada, (2) to describe weather-related symptoms and the corresponding weather conditions, and (3) to compare the findings in the two countries. In Germany 1,064 citizens (age >16 years) were interviewed in January 2001, and in Canada 1,506 persons (age >18 years) were interviewed in January 1994. The results showed that 19.2% of the German population thought that weather affected their health "to a strong degree," 35.3% that weather had "some influence on their health" (sum of both = 54.5% weather sensitive), whereas the remaining 45.5% did not consider that weather had an effect on their health status. In Canada 61% of the respondents considered themselves to be sensitive to the weather. The highest prevalence of WS (high + some influence) in Germans was found in the age group older than 60 years (68%), which was almost identical in the Canadian population (69%). The highest frequencies of weather-related symptoms were reported in Germany for stormy weather (30%) and when it became colder (29%). In Canada mainly cold weather (46%), dampness (21%) and rain (20%) were considered to affect health more than other weather types. The most frequent symptoms reported in Germany were headache/migraine (61%), lethargy (47%), sleep disturbances (46%), fatigue (42%), joint pain (40%), irritation (31%), depression (27%), vertigo (26%), concentration problems (26%) and scar pain (23%). Canadian weather-sensitive persons reported colds (29%), psychological effects (28%) and painful joints, muscles or arthritis (10%). In Germany 32% of the weather-sensitive subjects reported themselves to be unable to do their regular work because of weather-related symptoms at least once in the previous year, and 22% of them several times. Co-morbidity was significantly higher in weather-sensitive subjects both in Germany and Canada. These results clearly showed the important impact of WS on public health and the economy. These findings prompted us to start studies on the causal factors of weather-related health effects.
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PMID:Prevalence of weather sensitivity in Germany and Canada. 1533 86

The therapeutic uses of hive-derived products by local people in four zones from the central part of Burkina Faso are described. Of 13 apitherapeutic applications recorded, only honey (12) and honeybee larvae (1) were used. The uses described included treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory ailments, fatigue, vertigo, ophthalmic disorders, toothache, measles, wounds, burns, chest pains, period pains and postnatal disorders, male impotence as well as its application as a skin cleansing agent. The effectiveness against some of these conditions, e.g. measles, period pains and postnatal disorders, requires further investigation and confirmation.
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PMID:Therapeutic uses of honey and honeybee larvae in central Burkina Faso. 1537 14

This paper gives an overview of the pharmacology, efficacy, duration, tolerance, and side effects of atomoxetine for children, adolescents, and adults. A systematic analysis of the published clinical studies and poster abstracts was conducted. Atomoxetine is the first selective inhibitor of the noradrenaline transporter that was approved by the FDA in the US as a nonstimulant for the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults. In clinical studies, its efficacy was studied in 4,000 patients. Compared with placebo, atomoxetine proved to be superior with respect to reducing impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and inattention. There are indications that its efficacy is comparable to that of methylphenidate. In general, atomoxetine was well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse events were decrease of appetite, abdominal problems, tiredness, and vertigo. These were classified as mild and found mostly at the beginning of treatment. The existing results indicate that atomoxetine is promising for the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults.
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PMID:[The effectiveness of atomoxetine in children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD. A systematic overview]. 1613 34

Headache, fatigue, and vertigo are collectively the commonest symptoms encountered in clinical medicine, yet in many cases their true aetiopathogenesis is unknown or unclear. It is postulated that an important reason why little significant progress is being made towards discovering the true aetiology of these symptoms is because physicians, almost universally, are failing to examine a large part of the head for common, readily observable intraosseous pathology which could conceivably cause these symptoms. The region not examined comprises the mandible, maxillae, and their appendages, and the intraosseous pathology not examined for includes impacted teeth, devitalized teeth, and residual infection, amongst others. The non-examination for pathology which could cause these symptoms has thus created a major blind spot in clinical medicine. It is conservatively estimated that more than 50 million people on the American and European continents may thereby be denied a proper clinical examination for the aetiology of these symptoms. Readily testable data, indicating the extent to which the medical profession as a whole has overlooked this pathology, is provided.
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PMID:The dental region constitutes a major blind spot in clinical medicine. 1641 87

Recently, a new non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, letrozole (Femara tablet 2.5 mg) launched in Japan for the treatment of postmenopausal women with breast cancer. This drug has triazole structure, as similar drug, anastrozole (Arimidex). Currently, this drug has been put on markets in more than 80 countries, in which more than 20 countries have approved the use for the extended adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer. Letrozole is an oral drug given once daily and the first choice for the treatment of patients with steroid receptor positive or receptor-unknown locally advanced or metastatic postmenopausal breast cancer. As for the adverse events, they are mostly mild, including hot flashes, arthritis, miyalgia, and such as nausea, fatigue, anorexia, hyperorexia, edema, headache, vertigo, vomition and others. In the large international breast cancer studies, beneficial results were obtained for the post-surgical endocrine therapy of postmenopausal women with breast cancer, and the similar use of this drug has been approved in Japan.
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PMID:[Introduction of new drug: letrozole, a new non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of postmenopausal women with breast cancer]. 1677 Jan 12

Whiplash trauma can result in injuries that are difficult to diagnose. Diagnosis is particularly difficult in injuries to the upper segments of the cervical spine (craniocervical joint [CCJ] complex). Studies indicate that injuries in that region may be responsible for the cervicoencephalic syndrome, as evidenced by headache, balance problems, vertigo, dizziness, eye problems, tinnitus, poor concentration, sensitivity to light and pronounced fatigue. Consequently, diagnosis of lesions in the CCJ region is important. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a radiological technique that can visualize injuries of the ligaments and the joint capsules, and accompanying pathological movement patterns. Three severely injured patients that had been extensively examined without any findings of structural lesions were diagnosed by functional magnetic resonance imaging to have injuries in the CCJ region. These injuries were confirmed at surgery, and after surgical stabilization the medical condition was highly improved. It is important to draw attention to the urgent need to diagnose lesions and dysfunction in the CCJ complex and also improve diagnostic methods.
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PMID:Whiplash injuries can be visible by functional magnetic resonance imaging. 1742 59

A 52-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of orthostatic vertigo, fatigue and weight loss, who underwent right total nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma(RCC) with curative operation 13 years ago (in 1992). Endoscopic examination revealed a submucosal tumor with erosion in the duodenum. The diagnosis made from the biopsy specimens was metastatic RCC in the duodenum. Abdominal CT scan revealed that his metastasis has spread to the pancreas. Five million units of interferon a was administered intramuscularly three times a week for 1 month. He received blood transfusions and palliative care. He died 5 months later because of disease progression. Metastases of RCC have been often reported in the lungs, the liver, and the bones, but rarely in the gastrointestinal tract. This is a very rare case of metastatic RCC in the duodenum, which was diagnosed 13 years after curative right nephrectomy. Since late recurrence is characteristic of renal cell carcinoma, careful long-term follow-up is needed. To our knowledge, this is the 19th case of duodenal metastasis from RCC reported in the literature.
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PMID:[Pancreatic and duodenal metastases from renal cell carcinoma 13 years after radical nephrectomy: a case report]. 1717 66


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