Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group study was undertaken in 40 patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis during the 1990 hay fever season. The patients were randomized and treated for seven days with either 120 mg terfenadine or 10 mg loratadine, each drug taken once daily in the morning. The severity of nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasopharyngeal itching, and itchy, watery, red eyes was evaluated before and at the end of treatment. The global severity of symptoms was ranked daily by the patient on a diary card. Both treatment groups experienced a significant improvement of symptoms after treatment (p < 0.01), without any significant difference between the two study drugs. Terfenadine and loratadine significantly improved symptom severity by 69 and 55% compared with the baseline values, respectively. Headache and fatigue were reported in three loratadine-treated patients, and sedation in one patient. No side effects were observed in patients receiving terfenadine. This study confirmed that terfenadine 120 mg once daily is a safe and effective treatment for hay fever.
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PMID:Comparative effects of terfenadine and loratadine in the treatment of hay fever. 166 95

In this 3-week randomized, double-blind, double-dummy multicenter, crossover study terfenadine, 120 mg, was compared with cetirizine, 10 mg, both given once daily in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis in sixty patients. Compared with the investigators' pretreatment assessment, both terfenadine and cetirizine significantly reduced the severity of all five symptoms (P less than .001). The two treatments were equally effective in controlling eye irritation, sneezing, nasal congestion and itchy nose, throat and palate, but cetirizine improved rhinorrhea more than terfenadine (P less than .05). Daily symptom assessments by the patients for the last 14 days of each treatment period showed no difference in efficacy between the two drugs for any of the symptoms. There were also no differences between the two drugs for overall assessments of efficacy or patient preference. Adverse events were recorded more frequently while taking cetirizine, with 14 attributable events compared with only five with terfenadine. Four of the cetirizine-related events were drowsiness or tiredness, but none was reported while patients were taking terfenadine. There was a tendency to increased weight (greater than 1 kg) with both treatments.
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PMID:Multicenter, crossover study of the efficacy and tolerability of terfenadine, 120 mg, versus cetirizine, 10 mg, in perennial allergic rhinitis. 168 90

The safety and efficacy of pentigetide (Pentyde) nasal solution, administered as 1 mg into each nostril four times daily, was compared with placebo for controlling symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis. This was a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group trial involving 431 patients divided equally between pentigetide and placebo treatment. The study was conducted during the 1986 spring allergy season and consisted of 1 week of baseline followed by 2 weeks of treatment. Physicians evaluated the frequency and severity of nasal symptoms at study entry (day 1) and the final visit (day 22). Physicians and patients assessed the global condition of the patient at the end of the study and patients also recorded the severity of symptoms in a daily diary. Pentigetide-treated patients showed a statistically significant greater reduction in the frequency (P = .004) and severity (P = .05) of total nasal symptom score (sneezing, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea) and in the individual nasal symptom scores compared with placebo-treated patients. Diary results showed consistently lower total nasal symptom scores on each treatment day for pentigetide-treated patients (P = .02). Both the physicians and patients globally rated more pentigetide-treated patients improved than placebo-treated patients. The incidence and types of adverse experiences were similar between treatment groups and there were no reports of sedation or fatigue in the pentigetide group. No clinically significant changes occurred for laboratory tests, physical examination parameters or vital sign measurements. Pentigetide nasal solution was safe and effective for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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PMID:Pentigetide nasal solution: a multicenter study evaluating efficacy and safety in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. 195 97

A community-based malaria control programme was initiated in Saradidi, Kenya. One factor determining the utilization of treatment would be the symptoms felt to be diagnostic of malaria. The 12 most common diseases and 29 most common symptoms were identified by community members. Thirty-six randomly selected women were interviewed to determine association of the common diseases and symptoms; nine women were aged 15 to 29 years, nine women were 30 to 40 years, nine were 45 to 59 years and nine were 60 years or more. Women 60 years and older recognized a higher proportion of the diseases (P less than 0.0005) when compared with the other women of other ages. More than 90% of the women associated headache, fever, vomiting, joint pain, loss of appetite, tiredness and death with malaria. Measles and influenza were distinguished from malaria by rash and mouth ulcer for measles and by 'runny nose' and 'sneezing' for influenza. Analysis by average linkage hierarchical clusters revealed that malaria, influenza and measles were distinguished readily. The results suggest that if people in Saradidi do not obtain treatment from community health workers, it is not because they do not recognize the clinical symptoms of malaria.
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PMID:Symptoms associated with common diseases in Saradidi, Kenya. 368 33

The striated musculature of the dog urethra was studied histochemically. Two main groups of muscle fibers could be identified: 1 with slow twitch oxidative fibers, which are fatigue resistant (type 1), and 1 with fast twitch fibers (type 2). The fast twitch fibers were subdivided into glycolytic (fatiguable) and oxidative glycolytic (fatigue resistant) fibers: the latter constitute 20 per cent of all fast twitch fibers. Type 1 constitutes of 35 per cent of the whole musculature and its proportion tends to decrease toward the distal end of the external urethral sphincter. From these observations we infer that type 1 fibers are likely responsible for continence at rest and that type 2 fibers are recruited in stress conditions, for example, during coughing or sneezing. Additional studies are needed to confirm this conjecture. The clinical implications of these studies for the control of incontinence, urinary retention and dyssynergic urethral sphincter are presented.
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PMID:Histochemical study of urethral striated musculature in the dog. 621 91

A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study involving 130 patients was conducted at 9 centres in the U.K. to assess the effect of 6 weeks of treatment with azelastine nasal spray (azelastine) and beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray (BDP) on the symptoms of perennial rhinitis. Efficacy was assessed by patients recording daily the severity of the symptoms of rhinitis on 10-cm visual analogue scales. Analysis of this diary data showed significant reductions in sneezing, blocked nose, running nose, and itching nose during azelastine treatment. Patients on BDP recorded a consistent reduction in rhinitis symptoms, but these reductions were significant only for sneezing on treatment day 7. When rhinitis symptoms were assessed by clinical investigators on a 4-point scale, the scores obtained following treatment with the 2 study medications showed little change from baseline or "active" treatment scores. There was no evidence of a consistent change in nasal airway resistance, measured using anterior rhinomanometry, following treatment with either BDP or azelastine. Azelastine nasal spray and BDP nasal spray were well tolerated by the patients and the relative incidence of adverse events was similar in the azelastine and placebo/azelastine treatment groups, except that taste perversion occurred more frequently during azelastine treatment than during placebo/azelastine treatment. There was no evidence of an increased incidence of somnolence or fatigue in patients who received azelastine nasal spray. Overall, the results of this study indicate that azelastine administered twice daily as an intranasal spray is a safe and efficacious treatment for the symptoms of rhinitis in patients suffering from mild to moderate perennial rhinitis.
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PMID:The effect of intranasal azelastine and beclomethasone on the symptoms and signs of nasal allergy in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. 790 44

The efficacy and safety of an extended-release combination of loratadine plus pseudoephedrine sulfate (SCH 434) was compared with that of a tablet containing chlorpheniramine maleate plus pseudoephedrine sulfate (CTM-D) in 131 patients with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either SCH 434 (loratadine 5 mg and pseudoephedrine sulfate 120 mg) or CTM-D (chlorpheniramine maleate 12 mg and pseudoephedrine sulfate 120 mg) twice daily for 2 weeks. Evaluations were made after 3, 7, and 14 days of treatment. Demographics (age, race, sex, and duration of seasonal allergic rhinitis) and baseline total symptom scores were comparable between groups. Both combination products were effective in relieving the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Improvement in total symptom scores was 54% on day 3 and 65% on day 14 in the SCH 434 group versus 57% on day 3 and 64% on day 14 in the CTM-D group. Individual symptom scores (nasal discharge, stuffiness, nasal itching, sneezing, and ocular symptoms) responded similarly. A smaller proportion of patients in the SCH 434 group reported side effects, especially dry mouth (7% vs 19%, P = 0.07), fatigue (6% vs 25%, P < 0.01), and sedation (7% vs 22%, P < 0.03). In conclusion, the combination of loratadine plus pseudoephedrine sulfate was equally as effective as a classic antihistamine (chlorpheniramine maleate) plus pseudoephedrine sulfate but had a lower incidence of side effects.
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PMID:Comparative study of SCH 434 and CTM-D in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. 791 2

Allergic rhinitis is underestimated as a cause of suffering and diminished quality of life in children and adolescents. If nasal symptoms such as itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea, and congestion are not well controlled during the day, they may contribute to learning problems during school hours. If these symptoms are not well controlled during the night, they may contribute to nocturnal sleep loss, secondary daytime fatigue and learning impairment. Even uncomplicated seasonal allergic rhinitis may be associated with reduced ability to learn, and the likelihood of learning problems may increase in severe perennial rhinitis or in rhinitis associated with complications such as sinusitis or eustachian tube dysfunction and conductive hearing loss. Also, many of the medications used to treat allergic rhinitis may cause central nervous system adverse effects and contribute to learning impairment. For some medications, such as inhaled glucocorticoids and decongestants, the potential effect on central nervous system function and learning has not been tested. For others such as H1-receptor antagonists (antihistamines), well-designed, prospective studies have been performed. The newer relatively nonsedating medications such as terfenadine, astemizole, loratadine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine have less potential to impair central nervous system function and learning than their predecessors.
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PMID:Learning impairment and allergic rhinitis. 887 36

A total of 22 asymptomatic patients with a documented history of allergic rhinitis participated in this single-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial undertaken to assess the efficacy and tolerability of levocabastine nasal spray (0.5 mg/ml) in the prevention of allergen-induced nasal symptoms. Objective assessment of nasal symptoms revealed that the severity of sneezing was significantly lower following treatment with levocabastine (p < 0.001), with rhinorrhoea also tending to be less severe in the levocabastine-treated group (0.05 < p < 0.1). Rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry failed to reveal any significant intergroup differences, and there were no differences in nasal albumin concentrations between the two treatment groups. Patients' VAS ratings revealed significant differences in favour of levocabastine for sneezing (p < 0.001) and itching (p < 0.05), with the severity of rhinorrhoea also tending to be lower during treatment with this topical antihistamine (0.05 < p < 0.1). The mean total symptom score was also significantly lower in levocabastine-treated patients (p < 0.05). Levocabastine was well tolerated. Only two adverse events were reported: fatigue in one patient, and vesicular rash with facial oedema and urticaria in another. In conclusion, intranasal levocabastine provided effective protection from nasal allergen challenge and would appear to be a valuable therapeutic approach in patients with allergic rhinitis.
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PMID:Intranasal levocabastine provides fast and effective protection from nasal allergen challenge. 893 80

The prevalence of allergy, lung function disorders, and bronchial hyperreactivity was studied in 102 Dutch veterinarians, subdivided into five professional groups (predominantly working with either swine, cattle, poultry, companion animals, or as a non-practitioner). The mean age of the participants was 43 years; 6 participants were females. Twenty-two per cent of the participants were overweight, and relatively more non-practitioners than practitioners were overweight. Approximately 23% of the vets reported complaints of prolonged fatigue. The data suggest a relationship between complaints of prolonged fatigue and a more than average number of daily working hours. Only a small proportion of vets were sensitized against several allergens. There were no significant differences in prevalence of distinct lung function disorders or bronchial hyperreactivity between professional groups. It is hypothesized that the respiratory complaints (chronic coughing, chronic phlegm production, stuffed nose, sneezing) reported by the vets predominantly working in swine and/or poultry practice could be caused by irritation and/or inflammation of the first part of the trachea-bronchial tree that has no measurable and permanent consequences for changes in lung function or increased bronchial hyperreactivity. The results of a skin test against allergens and determination of allergen-specific IgE in blood indicated that the respiratory complaints were probably not related to allergy against the panel of allergens tested.
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PMID:Veterinary practice and occupational health. An epidemiological study of several professional groups of Dutch veterinarians. I. General physical examination and prevalence of allergy, lung function disorders, and bronchial hyperreactivity. 897 59


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