Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Corpora lutea (CL) from synchronously ovulated, prepubertal rats remained viable in perifusing Eagle medium (Dulbecco modified) flowing at a rate of 1 ml/hr. As an index of viability, progesterone (P) and 20alpha-hydroxypreng-4-ene-3-one (20alpha-OH-P) were determined by radioimmunoa-say in effluent media. Corpora lutea removed on the 2nd day of diestrus (D-2) or the 2nd day of pseudopregnancy (PP-2) showed fatigue by a continuous decline in the concentrations of effluent progestins. P decreased from 2 to 0.2 ng/ml/CL during an interval of 5 hr, while 20alpha-OH-P decreased from 2.2 to about 0.7 ng/ml/CL. In contrast corpora lutea taken on PP-4 maintained higher progestin levels in the effluent media. P present initially at 2.2 ng/ml/CL decreased to 0.73 ng/ml/CL; 20alpha-OH-P, initial concentration 0.84 ng/ml/CL, decreased to 0.41 ng/ml/CL. The greater functionality of PP-4 CL indicated by the continued predominance of , suggested an in vivo imposition of a luteotropic stimulus occurring after PP-2. Addition of bovine LH (NIH-LH-B8, 20 mug/ml) to the perifusing medium stimulated steroidogenesis by PP-2 CL during which 20alpha-OH-P levels remained between 2.3 and 3.2 ng/ml/CL throughout perifusion, while P secretion decreased from 2.9 to 0.9 ng/ml/CL. Prolactin (NIH-P-B3, 20 mug/ml), did not significantly alter the original secretion pattern of PP-2 CL. During combined prolactin (20 mug/ml) and LH (2 to 10 mug/ml) perifusion, P secretion predominated, decreasing from 3.9 to 1.0 ng/ml/CL; 20alpha-OH-P decreased from 1.2 to 0.7 ng/ml/CL.
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PMID:Progestational function of perifused rat corpora lutea. 16 85

The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of raclopride, a new antipsychotic, were investigated in 16 healthy men. Single 4 mg doses were administered as intravenous infusion, oral solution and 2 extended release (ER) formulations. Total plasma clearance was about 100 ml/min (6.0 L/h), of which renal clearance accounted for 0.2 ml/min, indicating extensive metabolism. The volume of distribution was 1.5 L/kg; mean absolute bioavailability was 65 to 67% following the oral solution and the ER formulations. A transient increase in plasma prolactin levels followed both the intravenous infusion and the oral solution. The ER formulations resulted in a lower increase, which appeared later. However, the area under the prolactin level curve was similar after administration of all dosage forms. The frequency and severity of the most commonly reported side effects (tiredness and restlessness) were higher after the intravenous infusion than after the ER capsules. These findings indicate that such capsules may be advantageous for clinical antipsychotic treatment with raclopride.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of raclopride formulations. Influence of prolactin and tolerability in healthy male volunteers. 155 Dec 92

A study was made of the role of prolactin (PRL) in the regulation of thyroid function in intact animals and in those exposed to stress (swimming was used as physical exercise). A single daily dose of 125 micrograms of PRL per 100 g of body mass was injected subcutaneously in 0.5 ml of saline solution during a week to male rats (control: intact rats; injection of 0.5 ml of saline solution subcutaneously). Redox enzymes; succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD.H2 and NADP.H2, ATPase and monoamine oxidase, total protein, RNA and glycogen in glandular cells were investigated histochemically 24 h after the last injection of PRL or saline, 30 min., 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 hours after swimming or right after complete fatigue (in the presence of experimental hyperprolactinemia). A conclusion has been made that one of the most important mechanisms of the adaptive effect of PRL is its ability to suppress thyroid function, thus decreasing the metabolism level, which results in reduction of oxygen consumption and improves body tolerance to stress.
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PMID:[Metabolism of thyroid gland cells as affected by prolactin and emotional-physical stress]. 178 Feb 95

A depressive man was evaluated for developing chronic fatigue and cold intolerance, in whom laboratory findings showed decreased thyroid hormone levels (T4, 2.7 micrograms dl-1; T3, 0.76 ng ml-1) with normal blood levels of TSH. A single bolus injection of TRH (500 micrograms) significantly stimulated prolactin secretion, but did not cause an increase in blood TSH levels (basal level, 1.2 microU ml-1 vs. 1.3 microU ml-1 30 min after injection). By contrast, TRH-induced TSH stimulation occurred after repeated injection of TRH for 4 consecutive days (basal level, 1.5 microU ml-1 vs. 5.6 microU ml-1 30 min after injection). Blood thyroid hormone concentrations were restored to normal levels after long-term administration of TRH. Other pituitary functions remained unchanged. A diagnosis of central hypothyroidism due to isolated TRH deficiency was made in this case, and the data presented here indicate that partial resistance of pituitary thyrotrophs to TRH may be associated with depression.
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PMID:Central hypothyroidism due to isolated TRH deficiency in a depressive man. 190 Oct 77

The plasma concentration of lisuride and prolactin have been measured in twelve healthy male volunteers after IV, IM or SC injection of 25 micrograms lisuride hydrogen maleate as an aqueous solution. After IV administration the plasma lisuride fell in two phases with half-lives of 14 min and 1.5 h. Total clearance was 13 ml.min-1.kg-1. After IM and SC injection the plasma concentrations peaked at 12 to 15 min and the profiles were similar to that found after IV administration. The systemic availabilities were 90% and 94%, respectively. Prolactin concentrations were reduced by a maximum of 60% relative to the normal circadian rhythm after all three routes of administration. The treatments were well tolerated, the only adverse reactions reported by some of the volunteers being mild, transient dizziness, tiredness, and nausea.
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PMID:The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lisuride in healthy volunteers after intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injection. 205 Jan 75

Among 49 consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease, 40% were depressed according to DSM-III; they had major depression or dysthymic disorder accompanied by sleep disturbance, fatigue, psychomotor retardation, loss of self-esteem, and excessive guilt. During a 10-day dopamine-free period, lumbar puncture was performed to measure the metabolites of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Patients were given an overnight dexamethasone suppression test, and the effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and L-dopa on plasma growth hormone and prolactin were examined. Level of CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was lowest in parkinsonian patients with major depression and was related to psychomotor retardation and loss of self-esteem.
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PMID:Clinical and biochemical features of depression in Parkinson's disease. 242 23

Young adult sons of alcoholic fathers (HR) were compared with matched young men from families without alcoholic relatives (LR) with respect to perceived mood, perceived intoxication, and plasma prolactin responses to oral challenge with two doses of alcohol and a placebo drink. HR subjects were found to have a qualitatively and quantitatively different mood response than controls to all three beverage conditions. HR subjects endorsed greater tension, depression, and fatigue across beverage conditions independent of alcohol dose. Alcohol dose interacted with risk status for perceived anger, vigor, and confusion. HR subjects reported less perceived intoxication on the descending limb of the alcohol concentration-time curve across all three conditions. These differential responses could not be explained by the occurrence of personality subtypes determined through administration of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. A significantly reduced prolactin response to alcohol in HR subjects could not be confirmed. Perceived mood effects of alcohol could have etiological significance in the development of alcoholism among HR individuals.
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PMID:Responses by sons of alcoholic fathers to alcoholic and placebo drinks: perceived mood, intoxication, and plasma prolactin. 265 66

The birth of the 1st child constitutes a psychosocial crisis for most couples, and significant marital and sexual changes occur during the childbearing years. Most women report a decline in sexual activity and interest as their pregnancy progresses, although an association with prepregnancy sexual behavior is apparent. Prospective studies of sexual behavior in the 1st postnatal year reveal resumption of intercourse by the 6th-8th week after delivery and a slow return to prenatal levels of sexual frequency. Pain and tenderness in the episiotomy scar, fear of another pregnancy, changes in body image, and fatigue all have been cited by women for the avoidance or dislike of sexual intercourse in the postpartum period. There is some evidence that breastfeeding, too, has an adverse effect on sexuality in the 1st year postpartum. Lactating women experience raised levels of prolactin and prolonged hypo-estrogenization. In addition, lactating women with diminished sexual desire have been found to have significantly lower levels of androstenedione and testosterone than their counterparts whose sexual interest was not severely reduced. Unclear is whether the generally negative association between prolonged breastfeeding and resumption of prepregnancy levels of sexual activity reflects hormonal changes linked to lactation or psychosocial characteristics that determine whether a women breastfeeds or bottlefeeds. Marriage counselors have observed that sexual problems often have their origins in the year after the birth of the 1st child. Thus, more research on the association between infant feeding and sexual behavior, mood, and morbidity is needed so clinicians can try to avert the development of marital conflicts.
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PMID:Sexual behaviour in pregnancy, after childbirth and during breast-feeding. 270 Jan 44

A surgical case of prolactinoma associated with craniopharyngioma is reported. A 47-year-old man was admitted to some neurosurgical clinic on October 12, 1982, because of visual disturbance, general fatigue and impotence. Laboratory study revealed hyperprolactinemia (360 ng/ml) and slight enlargement of sella turcica indicated the pituitary adenoma. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed to remove the tumor on November 20, 1982. Histopathological examination revealed chromophobe adenoma, and prolactin was stained in the tumor cells by means of immunoperoxidase staining. Though the clinical symptoms had been improved after surgery, visual disturbance became worse about one month later. At that time empty sella syndrome was suspected and the second operation (interhemispheric approach) was performed on January 21, 1983. No pathological changes were observed at all. On July 13, 1983, he was transferred to our clinic, because his visual acuity was deteriorating. At this time we reviewed the previous CT scan and noticed a suprasellar mass. It was supposed that the lesion had been overlooked and was the cause of the visual disturbance. On August 1, 1983, a bifrontal craniotomy was performed and the suprasellar tumor was removed. Pathological examination of the tumor revealed craniopharyngioma. So it was supposed that pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma had been coexisting since onset. Except for cases with von Recklinghausen's disease, multiple primary intracranial tumors of different cell types are relatively rare. A review of literature revealed 94 cases until 1986. The most frequent combination of multiple tumors was meningioma and glioma. But we could not find any case of pituitary adenoma associated with craniopharyngioma in the literature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of prolactinoma associated with craniopharyngioma]. 344 1

The plasma levels and urinary excretion of the dopamine antagonist, bromerguride, were measured by radioimmunoassay in healthy male volunteers given 50 micrograms i.v. and oral doses of 1 and 2 mg. Plasma prolactin was also measured by radioimmunoassay. Following i.v. injection, the concentration of bromerguride declined biphasically, with half-lives of 7 min and 1.2 h. The total clearance was 32 ml X min-1 X kg-1 and the apparent volume of distribution was 3.61/kg. The bioavailability of oral bromerguride was 29% after 1 mg and 25% after 2 mg. The drug was almost totally metabolized and less than 0.05% of the dose was excreted in urine in 24 h after oral administration. Plasma prolactin levels were increased in a dose-dependent manner for about 8 h. Side-effects were minimal, mainly being tiredness and headache in some of the volunteers.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in man of the dopamine antagonist ergot derivative, bromerguride. 380 15


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