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 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study compared the mental health of 12 mothers who had infants with colic to 12 mothers of infants without colic. Colic was defined as infant fussing/crying of at least 2 hours/day for at least 5 out of 7 days, infant cry high-pitched and pain-sounding, and maternal report of infant inconsolability. Mental health was operationalized as scores on the Profile of Mood States and the Symptom Checklist-90R. Mothers of infants with colic had multidimensional psychological distress; they reported more bodily dysfunction, fears, disordered thinking, depression, anxiety, fatigue, hostility, impulsive thoughts and actions; and they had stronger feelings of personal inadequacy or inferiority. Implications for nursing research and practice are discussed in the context of study findings.
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PMID:Infant colic and maternal mental health: nursing research and practice concerns. 130 32

A 36-item short-form (SF-36) was constructed to survey health status in the Medical Outcomes Study. The SF-36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and general population surveys. The SF-36 includes one multi-item scale that assesses eight health concepts: 1) limitations in physical activities because of health problems; 2) limitations in social activities because of physical or emotional problems; 3) limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems; 4) bodily pain; 5) general mental health (psychological distress and well-being); 6) limitations in usual role activities because of emotional problems; 7) vitality (energy and fatigue); and 8) general health perceptions. The survey was constructed for self-administration by persons 14 years of age and older, and for administration by a trained interviewer in person or by telephone. The history of the development of the SF-36, the origin of specific items, and the logic underlying their selection are summarized. The content and features of the SF-36 are compared with the 20-item Medical Outcomes Study short-form.
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PMID:The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. 2722 30

Psychosexual sequelae associated with surviving acute leukemia treated with conventional chemotherapy or with chemotherapy followed by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were investigated in 70 patients who were off treatment for at least 1 year. Assessment of psychosexual function included frequency of sexual activity, satisfaction, body image, gender role identity, and adjustment in sexual relations. No differences between BMT and conventional chemotherapy survivors were found on any of these measures, despite the high probability of gonadal impairment with BMT. Compared with physically healthy norms, women survivors generally reported decreased sexual frequency and satisfaction, whereas both men and women survivors reported poorer body image. Longer time since completing cancer treatment predicted greater frequency of sexual activity in women but poorer body image for both men and women. Those survivors who reported decreased sexual frequency, satisfaction, and poorer body image reported greater psychological distress and decreased energy. Results indicate that psychosexual sequelae in survivors of leukemia occur frequently and warrant intensive investigation, particularly to address the need for an intervention in those most distressed.
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PMID:Long-term psychosexual adjustment of acute leukemia survivors: impact of marrow transplantation versus conventional chemotherapy. 173 Apr 1

Fatigue is a commonly experienced symptom, which may be a component of virtually any disease and can have a psychological, physical, or mixed origin. Nurses need to understand the onset, duration, and progression of fatigue to intervene successfully with the cancer patient adapting to diagnosis and treatment. While the literature is an important source of information, results of research studies must be critically interpreted before proceeding with practice guidelines based on research findings. A critical appraisal of the research literature investigating the problem of fatigue in individuals with cancer was conducted. There is strong evidence to suggest that fatigue is a prevalent problem among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However past research has been limited by methodological problems. Typically, studies fail to include a control group, do not control for possible confounding variables, and have restricted measurement to unidimensional scales with limited reliability and validity. While several correlates of fatigue have been postulated, research to date has found no consistent relationships among such correlates as weight loss, anemia, or psychological distress. This article reviews what is currently known about fatigue in the cancer patient and how future research could be designed to improve on past measurement and sampling problems.
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PMID:A critical appraisal of the research literature investigating fatigue in the individual with cancer. 191 33

The incidence and severity of respiratory symptoms after total laryngectomy and their influence on daily living were studied in 59 laryngectomized patients. Daily sputum production was the principal complaint of these patients (98%), followed by coughing (64%) and the need for frequent forced expectoration (more than 5 times a day) in order to clear the airway (57%). Frequent stoma cleaning (more than 5 times a day) was required by 37% of the patients. Significant correlation was found between respiratory symptoms, voice rehabilitation and several aspects of daily living, including fatigue, sleep problems, social contacts and psychological distress. These findings indicate that respiratory symptoms after total laryngectomy are both frequent and troublesome. The development of effective methods for minimizing and/or preventing such respiratory problems would contribute significantly to improving the quality of life of laryngectomized patients.
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PMID:Physical and psychosocial consequences of total laryngectomy. 228 4

We evaluated the immediate and long-term effects on psychological distress and coping methods of a 6-week, structured, psychiatric group intervention for postsurgical patients with malignant melanoma. The intervention consisted of health education, enhancement of problem-solving skills, stress management (eg, relaxation techniques), and psychological support. In spite of good prognosis, most patients had high levels of psychological distress at baseline, comparable with other patients with cancer. However, at the end of brief psychiatric intervention, the experimental subjects (n = 38), while not without some distress, exhibited higher vigor and greater use of active-behavioral coping than the controls (n = 28). At 6 months' follow-up, the group differences were even more pronounced. The intervention-group patients then showed significantly lower depression, fatigue, confusion, and total mood disturbance as well as higher vigor. They were also using significantly more active-behavioral and active-cognitive coping than the controls. These results indicate that a short-term psychiatric group intervention for patients with malignant melanoma effectively reduces psychological distress and enhances longer-term effective coping.
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PMID:A structured psychiatric intervention for cancer patients. I. Changes over time in methods of coping and affective disturbance. 237 43

The concept of 'quality of life' has had a paradigmatic effect in psychosomatic medicine by focussing on the measurements of psychological distress. This concept has been phenomenologically described under such names as discomfort and psychological boredom. Elements of fatigue, anxiety and depression seem to be core symptoms of dysfunctions in quality of life. An objective and nomothetic approach to quality of life has been demonstrated in this review when referring to the instrumental use of rating scales, e.g. the General Health Questionnaire. Furthermore, it has been recommended to follow the multiaxial approach of DSM-III including dimensions of personality, psychosocial stressors and social functioning.
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PMID:Quality of life in psychosomatic research. A psychometric model. 332 35

Somatization implies a tendency to experience and communicate psychological distress in the form of somatic symptoms and to seek medical help for them. So defined, it is neither a disorder nor a diagnostic category but a generic term for a set of experimental, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics of patients who complain of physical symptoms in the absence of relevant medical findings. Such patients are ubiquitous in all medical care settings, pose difficult diagnostic and management problems, and overutilize health care thus contributing to its cost. Somatization may be transient or persistent, and may or may not be associated with a diagnosable medical or psychiatric disorder. The most common concurrence of somatization is with affective and anxiety disorders, and, to a lesser degree, the somatoform disorders. Persistent somatization poses a serious clinical, social, and economic problem and hence early identification of potential chronic somatizers should be attempted to avoid its development. Pain, fatigue, dizziness, and dyspnea are the commonest symptoms. Etiology of somatization is multifactorial and so should be its management.
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PMID:Somatization: the experience and communication of psychological distress as somatic symptoms. 333 84

The management of the extremely obese patient is best accomplished by a multidisciplinary approach which includes exercise training as an integral component. While diet alone is a potent factor in improving the metabolic complications associated with obesity, the combination of diet and exercise training can further improve these complications and greatly enhance cardiorespiratory function. Although the fitness of extremely obese people is low, individualized exercise programs can be used to safely and progressively train these patients, reduce fatigue, and greatly increase maximum work tolerance. Additional benefits derived from exercise training include improved insulin-mediated glucose utilization, lower serum lipid concentrations, and improved psychological distress scores and anxiety levels. Thus, exercise training can contribute to the success of a weight reducing program by improving metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and psychological factors. Additional important interventions in a multidisciplinary treatment of severe obesity include psychiatric, psychosocial, and vocational counseling.
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PMID:Exercise as a partial therapy for the extremely obese. 395 58

The ten most frequently reported pretreatment symptoms on the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist, which was completed by more than 650 patients entering two MRC Lung Cancer Working Party multicentre randomised trials, included general symptoms (tiredness, lack of appetite) and psychological distress (worry, anxiety) in addition to disease-related chest symptoms (cough, shortness of breath). Although the number and severity of symptoms increased with worsening performance status, the commonest symptoms were found to be virtually the same for patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and for different grades of performance status. Women with NSCLC reported more psychological symptoms than males, but this difference was much less evident in patients with SCLC. Thus, in order to assess fully the benefit of palliative treatments in patients with lung cancer, account must be taken of all symptoms at presentation, in addition to the traditionally recognised chest symptoms.
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PMID:Symptoms at presentation for treatment in patients with lung cancer: implications for the evaluation of palliative treatment. The Medical Research Council (MRC) Lung Cancer Working Party. 753 20


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