Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new, autosomal dominantly inherited syndrome with a bleeding disorder was described in 1985 by Stormorken and his co-workers. In this multifaceted syndrome, there were the following integral components: thrombocytopathia, extreme miosis with Argyll Robertson-like traits, muscular fatigue, a tendency to spasms, asplenia, ichthyosis, dyslexia, etc. Headache with migraine traits was also present in the family in all 4 generations in which this syndrome had been observed. Nasal and conjunctival bleeding were part of the headache picture in some of the individuals exhibiting the hemorrhagic syndrome. While the attack-related bleeding disturbances only involved family members who also suffered from the hemorrhagic syndrome, the headache per se may seem to behave differently: The affected son's headache seems to have developed into a headache with tension headache traits, whereas the other, unaffected, son's headache has common migraine traits. The familial headache which in earlier generations clearly had migraine traits, therefore, may be inherited independently from the hemorrhagic disorder. In other words, a migraine or migraine-like headache is most probably not an obligatory integral part of this syndrome. The thrombocytopathia in this disorder comprises abnormal serotonin storage, uptake, and release (Stormorken and co-workers, to be published). The admittedly somewhat farfetched possibility also exists that the headache, although being similar to migraine, differs essentially from it and may be an expression of the serotonin aberration.
 ...
PMID:The hereditary syndrome of thrombocytopathia, bleeding tendency, extreme miosis, muscular fatigue, asplenia, headache, etc. ("Stormorken's syndrome"): I. The headache. 801 39

Many aspects of vision have been investigated in developmental dyslexia. Some research suggests deficits in vergence control (e.g. Buzzelli, 1991, Optom. Vision Sci. 68, 842-846), although ability to control vergence across saccades has not yet been investigated. We have explored this question indirectly using Enright's (1996 Vision Res. 36, 307-312.) sequential stereopsis task. The task requires observers to set two adjacent targets (whose textures cannot be resolved simultaneously if either is fixated) to appear equi-distant. Enright has argued that sequential stereopsis stereoacuity thresholds offer an indication of vergence control across saccades. We report two experiments using a total of 17 dyslexic and 18 control adults. Performance was measured on a sequential stereopsis task and an ordinary 'simultaneous' stereopsis task. No significant differences between groups were found. However, whereas practice of the sequential task lowered control group thresholds on the simultaneous task, for the dyslexic group it significantly raised thresholds, suggesting that visual fatigue is especially important in investigations of visual functions in dyslexia. Although the small samples used limit conclusions at this stage, the main sequential stereopsis results suggest that, if Enright is correct, dyslexic adults can show normal vergence control across saccades.
 ...
PMID:Vergence control across saccades in dyslexic adults. 1002 79

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a relatively frequent affection that can generate severe problems (school, social, professional) if no take in charge is done. Treatment of ADHD is generally multifactorial; it can associate medical treatment, comportemental and analytical psychotherapies, reeducation of associated disorders (orthophony, psychomotor reeducation) and educative approach. Methylphenidate, considered as therapeutic reference, is a central nervous system stimulant. It produces a stimulation of vigilance and superior mental activities, a diminution of fatigue sensation and sleep need, an anorexigen power and sympathomimetic effect. Its mechanism of action is abundantly studied and is not completely known. Principal hypothesis are: increase of chemical mediators biodisponsibility and change in cerebral blood flow delivery. In France, it is agreed since 1995 for treatment of ADHD in over 6 years-old child. Ritaline 10 mg is registered on the narcotic list and an initial hospital prescription is needed, reserved to specialists and/or to neurologic, psychiatric and pediatric services. Mid-1995, 2.8% (namely 1.5 millions) of 5 to 18 years-old american children have taken this drug. Methylphenidate is effective on each three principal symptoms of ADHD: it decreases the level of activity, it improves apprentice capacity, just as school performances and it eases social interactions. The therapeutic schedule at short and middle term is reassuring, with substantial profits on school, familiar and social plans, but unknowns subsist and opinions diverge about long term efficacity. Methylphenidate is not the only one used in ADHD treatment. Other products, like dextroamphetamine and pemoline have been used in the USA and are for those who can't tolerate methylphenidate or badly respond to it. Those other drugs are not commercialized in France. The limits of stimulating drugs (fear to favour toxicomania, undesirable effects that need to stop treatment or non-responsive hyperactive children), just as positives experiences with antidepressants (especially on enuresis) led to use tricyclic antidepressants as second-line agents in ADHD treatment. Their efficiency is less and their well known side-effects are sometimes constraining. Antidepressants that inhibit serotonin recapture, MAOI and bupropion, central antihypertensive, such as clonidine and guanfacine have been tried in ADHD treatment as third-line agents. They should be useful on non-responsive or patients who can't tolerate stimulants or tricyclic antidepressants. Analytical and comportemental psychotherapies are used in addition to medicamental treatment. Reeducation of troubles such as dyslexia, language delay, corporal scheme troubles or fine coordination trouble is obtained by orthophony and psychomotricity. It's very important to instaurate an educative strategy in order to contend inattention and hyperactivity. Regular conservations with parents and child are necessary. The whole american literature shows better efficiency of multimodal treatment of ADHD in child, as opposed to single stimulant treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Prescribing ritalin in combined modality management of hyperactivity with attention deficit]. 1176 Jun 93

To help resolve the issue of whether developmental dyslexia (DD) is related to central auditory processing deficits or to language-specific processing deficits, we had nine dyslectic and nine nondyslectic right-handed undergraduate students perform linguistic (Experiment 1: phoneme identification) and nonlinguistic (Experiment 2: formant rate change detection) tasks. In Experiment 1, subjects listened to synthetic vowels whose second formant (F2) was modulated sinusoidally with F1, F3, and F4 held constant. F2 modulation rate (4-18 Hz) was manipulated within and across stimuli. The groups did not differ in phoneme identification. Experiment 2 was run three times and showed that the control subjects' performance improved across runs whereas the dyslexics' deteriorated across runs (p < .0001), suggesting practice and fatigue effects, respectively. Performance on the two experiments correlated significantly and negatively for the dyslexic subjects only. These results suggest that resource depletion or frontal lobe dysfunction may be implicated in developmental dyslexia.
 ...
PMID:Linguistic and nonlinguistic auditory processing of rapid vowel formant (F2) modulations in university students with and without developmental dyslexia. 1203 May

Neurologists experienced in the interpretation of disease in terms of disordered action of the nervous system should be well suited to extend their field of interest to the more complex disorders of human behavior, including hysteria, delirium, ill-defined pain syndromes, unexplained fatigue, disorders of thought, atypical depression, and delusions. To illustrate the potential of neurology in approaching the more complex disorders of behavior, several examples from clinical neurology are presented in which phenomena calling for inquiry and analysis in neurological terms are described. The categories are temporal lobe epilepsy, delirium, drug toxicity, disease processes of the cerebrum, obscure pain, dyslexia, and hysteria. Inquiry into complex disorders of behavior is inseparable from the broad subject of normal mental activity, the neural organization subserving all human thought, emotion, and action. Because of this close association, the comment on hysteria includes an introduction to the important question of whether we humans possess a free will to choose our course of behavior.
 ...
PMID:The reach of neurology. 1258 Jul

This study used a double-dissociation design to evaluate whether children with ADHD demonstrated specific deficits relative to children with Reading Disorders. Recent theory suggests that ADHD children have deficits in time perception and working memory, whereas RD children have deficits in phonological decoding. The performance of 113 clinic-referred children aged 6-11 was examined using measures of working memory, phonological processing, and time perception. Respondents completed two time production tasks in which they were to judge when 30-s had elapsed, and another in which they were asked to estimate the duration of the Conners' CPT (CCPT). Time Perception and phonological processing variables were submitted to a 2 x 2 ANCOVA (ADHD vs. RD), covarying for age, SES, IQ, and working memory. Children with ADHD were more likely to overestimate the time taken for the CCPT than children without ADHD, but no group differences were found on the 30-s estimation tasks. Children with RD did not display deficits in time estimation, but showed deficits in auditory phonological processing. The lack of interaction effects supported an "etiological subtype" over the "phenocopy" model of ADHD and RD. No group differences were detected using the CCPT. Although our previous studies did not find an order effect for the Conners' CPT in a 1-hr battery, a fatigue effect was evident with a 1.5-hr battery. The implications for Barkley's behavioral inhibition theories (R. Barkley, 1997) are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Time perception: does it distinguish ADHD and RD children in a clinical sample? 1550 28

Irlen therapy, visual training, training of ocular motor control, and the correction method of H.-J. Haase represent a diversity of treatment methods that are mainly aimed at dyslexia, fatigue while reading, and general lack of concentration. We summarize the theoretical background of these methods, treatment approaches, and related clinical trials. None of these methods, because of incorrect theoretical concepts and an attempt to simplify the underlying causes, was found to have a specific influence on the patients' complaints. The absence of specific therapeutic effects and the high costs and time expenditure required should discourage practitioners from recommending these methods.
 ...
PMID:[A critical view of alternative methods for treating visual complaints]. 1794 Jul 74

The ability to search for trustworthy information has become increasingly important. Access to information is key for a democratic, inclusive society. However, poorly designed search user interfaces exclude certain user groups. For instance, search systems with high demands for correctly spelled queries have been reported to be challenging for people with reading and spelling difficulties, such as dyslexia. In a qualitative pre-study, four adults with dyslexia were interviewed about their search experiences in an encyclopedia with low tolerance for spelling errors. The participants regarded the encyclopedia as highly credible and preferred using this source for factual queries. Nevertheless, the users with dyslexia were highly dependent on Google due to high spelling demands in the encyclopedia search interface. Although the participants found relevant information on Google, they reported the search process as tiresome, since the result list assessment required a significant amount of reading. In contrast, searching the encyclopedia provided direct access to neutral, evaluated information, thus removing the evaluation phase. Moreover, searching was frequently associated with feelings such as fatigue, frustrations and failure. Results from this study imply that search user interface design affects the information searching behavior of people with dyslexia.
 ...
PMID:When Trustworthy Information Becomes Inaccessible: The Search Behaviour of Users with Dyslexia in an Online Encyclopedia. 3037 44

Research shows that, on average, children with dyslexia behave less categorically in phoneme categorization tasks. This study investigates three subtle ways that struggling readers may perform differently than their typically developing peers in this experimental context: sensitivity to the frequency distribution from which speech tokens are drawn, bias induced by previous stimulus presentations, and fatigue during the course of the task. We replicate findings that reading skill is related to categorical labeling, but we do not find evidence that sensitivity to the stimulus frequency distribution, the influence of previous stimulus presentations, and a measure of task engagement differs in children with dyslexia. It is, therefore, unlikely that the reliable relationship between reading skill and categorical labeling is attributable to artifacts of the task design, abnormal neural encoding, or executive function. Rather, categorical labeling may index a general feature of linguistic development whose causal relationship to literacy remains to be ascertained.
 ...
PMID:Context effects on phoneme categorization in children with dyslexia. 3313 41