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 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a retrospective study of 632 patients with pituitary disease we diagnosed pituitary insufficiency without hypersecretion of any pituitary hormone in 122 patients. Patients were substituted with sex hormones (76%), hydrocortisone (74%) and/or L-thyroxine (77%). 76% had additional growth hormone deficiency, as shown by an increase of growth hormone of less than 5 ng/ml after i.v. administration of L-arginine. In 17% of all patients the diagnosis of osteoporosis was proven or suspected radiologically. 57% had low bone mass of lumbar spine (dualphotonabsorptiometry) and 73% had low bone mass of the proximal forearm (singlephotonabsorptiometry). BMD values of pituitary insufficient patients were in the same range as those of patients with established osteoporosis. More than half of all patients (53%) complained of tiredness, exhaustion and muscle weakness. 40% suffered from adipositas. 77% had hyperlipidemia (68% hypertriglyceridemia and 42% hypercholesterinemia), 18% had hypertension. 14% of the patients had arteriosclerotic events in their history (myocardial infarction or stroke). These figures are higher than incidences shown in the German PROCAM-study. These data show an increased prevalence of osteoporosis and vascular diseases. This is in contrast to the general opinion, that patients with pituitary insufficiency are adequately treated by substitution with adrenal, thyroid and sex hormones. Whether other factors such as the additional growth hormone deficiency are responsible for these diseases has to be examined in prospective studies.
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PMID:[Increased prevalence of osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis in conventionally substituted anterior pituitary insufficiency: need for additional growth hormone substitution?]. 176 81

We describe a case of a 15 year old boy who developed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) while receiving treatment with human growth hormone (hGH) for idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD). He was diagnosed as having idiopathic GHD and given hGH from December 1991. The examination of his peripheral blood showed mild pancytopenia 2 months before the start of the hGH therapy. Since January 1992, paleness of the skin, general fatigue and fervescence progressed gradually. In February 1992, because of the occurrence of acute leukemia, administration of hGH was discontinued. Judging from the results of surface marker analysis of the blast cells, the patient was diagnosed as having AMKL. He was treated with chemotherapy for acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia from March 1992. A complete remission was obtained after 4 weeks of treatment. The chemotherapy was completed in July 1993. He remains in complete remission 26 months after diagnosis. This case suggests the importance of hematological examination and, when there is any abnormality which is not caused by GHD, such as pancytopenia, more detailed medical examinations (for example bone marrow examination) are necessary.
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PMID:Occurrence of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a patient with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency. 779 61

In order to establish whether reported psychological complaints in hypopituitary adults are related to growth hormone (GH) deficiency or other pituitary hormone deficiencies, emotional well-being and cognitive performance were evaluated in 31 men with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD) and in 17 men with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD). Assessments included evaluation of somatic and psychological complaints, depression, fatigue, vigor, tension, state and trait anxiety, iconic memory, short-term memory, long-term memory and perceptual-motor skill. The control group consisted of 41 healthy men, matched for age. Growth hormone secretion was more severely impaired in MPHD than in IGHD patients. Despite oral replacement therapy, MPHD patients also had lower serum testosterone levels than IGHD subjects. The MPHD patients were found to have lower vigor scores, higher state anxiety scores, worse perceptual-motor skill and worse memory performance than controls. In contrast, IGHD patients only showed subnormal memory performance. It was concluded, therefore, that the cognitive impairment in both MPHD and IGHD was related to GH deficiency. The subnormal vigor scores in MPHD patients were attributed to the reduced testosterone levels. The worse perceptual-motor skill in MPHD patients might be related specifically to ACTH deficiency. Finally, the higher state anxiety in MPHD was attributed to a low self-esteem, which may be the psychological consequence of the hypogonadal appearance these patients have. We conclude that, from a psychological point of view, MPHD and IGHD adult patients are quite distinct groups.
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PMID:Cognitive impairments and mood disturbances in growth hormone deficient men. 881 29

The present study evaluates the effects of 2 years of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy on psychological well-being and cognitive performance in adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency (CO-GHD). A total of 48 GHD adult men (mean age: 27 years) were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: placebo treatment, or GH replacement in a dose of 1, 2, or 3 IU/m2, respectively. Placebo treatment was given for 6 months. Psychological assessments were made every 6 months. Assessments included somatic and psychological complaints, depression, fatigue, vigor, tension, state/trait anxiety, iconic memory, short-term memory, long-term memory and perceptual-motor skill. GH treatment was considered physiological if the observed insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels were within the normal range. It was considered supraphysiological if serum IGF-I rose to a value exceeding the upper normal limit. During the placebo-controlled phase of the study the changes in memory performance were positively correlated to the GH induced changes in serum IGF-I concentration and, more weakly, to the daily GH substitution dose. At 6 months memory only had improved in the group receiving supraphysiological GH treatment, but not in the group of patients who had a normalization of serum IGF-I. However, after 1 year of treatment a normalization of memory functioning was found in both groups of patients and this was preserved during the 2nd year of treatment. No changes were observed in psychological well-being and perceptual-motor skill. We conclude that GH replacement improves memory function in adults with CO-GHD. It has no effect on psychological well-being or perceptual-motor skill. Supraphysiological treatment accelerates the recovery of memory performance. However, the long-term effects are not different from those achieved with physiological GH replacement.
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PMID:Cognitive changes during growth hormone replacement in adult men. 961 51

Many snorers complain of tiredness during the day, but little is known about the impact of snoring on daily life in other respects. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life of middle-aged men who were heavy snorers. We used the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), which has been utilized during the last two decades as an instrument for evaluating the influence different medical conditions have on quality of life. Forty-two men (median 45 years, mean BMI 26 kg/m2 and mean Respiratory Disturbance Index 8.6) completed quality of life questionnaires. The answers were compared with those of a population sample of 786 men from the region with the same mean age. There were significant differences between the snorers and the population sample in the total score for quality of life (p=0.001) and the sections about energy (p < 0.001) and emotional reactions (p=0.02). There were highly significant differences in the frequency of health-related problems among the snoring men compared with the population sample in the ability to perform tasks around the home (p < 0.001). social life (p=0.003), family relationship (p < 0.001 ) and sexual life (p=0.001). When the snorers were compared with results reported from patients suffering from other medical conditions (hypertensives, growth hormone deficiency, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), we found an equal level of total mean score and negative influence on their quality of life. The study illustrates that snoring men have a poor quality of life, comparable to that of patients with chronic diseases.
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PMID:Evaluation of the quality of life of male snorers using the Nottingham Health Profile. 984 May 12

Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread pain, unrefreshed sleep, disturbed mood, and fatigue. Until such time as we have a clearer understanding of the trigger and/or pathophysiologic mechanisms producing these symptoms, pharmacologic treatment should be aimed at individual symptoms. Such treatment should ideally be offered as part of a multidisciplinary treatment program using both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment modalities. Critical components of any successful fibromyalgia treatment program include addressing physical fitness, work and other functional activities, and mental health, in addition to symptom-specific therapies. The main symptoms that should be addressed include pain, sleep disturbances including restless leg syndrome, mood disturbances, and fatigue. Pharmacologic therapy should also be considered for syndromes commonly associated with fibromyalgia including irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis, migraine headaches, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, dysequilibrium including neurally mediated hypotension, sicca syndrome, and growth hormone deficiency. This article provides general guidelines in initiating a successful pharmacologic treatment program for fibromyalgia.
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PMID:Pharmacologic treatment of fibromyalgia. 1140 39

A gradual loss of anterior pituitary hormones is suspected in patients treated with irradiation due to brain tumors. Development of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) with age has been documented in patients with idiopathic GHD. A gradual loss of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion has been also shown in a patient with severe GHD and an invisible pituitary stalk on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this longitudinal and cross-sectional study was to evaluate the gradual loss of growth hormone (GH) and ACTH in a homogeneous group of patients with hypopituitarism. Twenty-eight patients (23 males, 5 females) from four hospitals were diagnosed as having prenatal or perinatal-onset hypothalamic hypopituitarism. They had an abnormal pituitary stalk on MRI (invisible in 18 patients, thin in 10 patients) without any other organic disease of the brain. Each patient had GHD upon initial evaluation. Height (n=20) was analyzed as standard deviation score (SDS). Longitudinal (n=8) and cross-sectional (n=28) GH secretion capacity was evaluated by GH peaks, in response to insulin tolerance test (ITT) and growth hormone releasing factor test (GRF test). Longitudinal (n=10) and cross-sectional (n=28) ACTH secretion capacity was evaluated by cortisol peaks in response to ITT. Height SDS decreased each year in all the untreated patients after birth. GH peaks decreased gradually with age. Longitudinal data showed decreased GH peaks with age in seven out of eight patients using ITT and in all four patients using GRF tests. Cortisol peaks also decreased gradually together with signs and symptoms for adrenal deficiency such as general fatigue. Cortisol peaks of less than 414 nmol/L (15 microg/dl) in response to ITT were seen in 24% of the tests before age 10 and 56% before age 25. In conclusion, GHD and ACTH deficiency developed gradually in patients with prenatal or perinatal-onset hypothalamic hypopituitarism who had invisible or thin pituitary stalks examined by MRI.
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PMID:Development of growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiencies in patients with prenatal or perinatal-onset hypothalamic hypopituitarism having invisible or thin pituitary stalk on magnetic resonance imaging. 1152 7

The present study evaluates the effects of one year of discontinuation and one year of growth hormone (GH) treatment on quality of life (QoL) in young adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency (CO-GHD). Twenty-two subjects (14 males, 8 females; 11 isolated growth hormone deficient [IGHD], 11 multiple pituitary hormone deficient [MPHD]), aged between 15 and 22 years, on ongoing GH treatment were assessed during one year of discontinuation. Thereafter, 9 of these patients, who were found to be still GH deficient (GHD), added by 11 newly recruited GHD patients who also were not treated in the preceding year (in total 10 males and 10 females, aged between 17 and 27, 5 IGHD, 15 MPHD), restarted GH treatment for one year. During discontinuation and restart of GH treatment somatic and psychological assessments took place every 6 months. In the first 6 months of the GH discontinuation period insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) level significantly declined whereas no further decrease in IGF-I was seen after month 6. The number of psychological complaints and depression increased only during the first 6 months of discontinuation. Across the 12-month of discontinuation tension increased in MPHD and decreased in IGHD patients. Only in the first 6 months of GH treatment IGF-I level increased, anxiety decreased and QoL improved. Depression scores tended to decrease across the 12 month treatment period. During the 2-year discontinuation and treatment period intra-subject IGF-I level was negatively correlated with depression, fatigue, tension and anxiety and positively with vigor and memory. At the end of the treatment period all psychometric parameters were similar or even improved compared to those at the start of the discontinuation period. It is concluded that one year discontinuation of GH treatment leads to a decrease in QoL within 6 months which effect is counteracted within 6 months after restart of GH treatment.
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PMID:Quality of life of growth hormone (GH) deficient young adults during discontinuation and restart of GH therapy. 1272 30

Adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency results mainly from pituitary or peri-pituitary disease and/or its treatment and is frequently accompanied by other anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies. GH deficiency (GHD) results in a number of psychological and physical symptoms and signs which in combination constitute the adult 'GHD syndrome'. The psychological symptoms include decreased energy levels, social isolation, and lack of positive well being, depressed mood and increase in anxiety. The physical symptoms and signs include abnormal body composition with reduced lean body mass, increased central adiposity, and decreased extracellular fluid volume, decreased bone mineral density with an increased risk of fracture, reduced muscle strength, reduced exercise capacity, increased LDL cholesterol and reduced insulin sensitivity. Hypopituitarism and GHD are associated with an increased standardised mortality ratio. The diagnosis of GHD is confirmed by the insulin tolerance test or alternative stimulation test in the presence of structural pituitary disease and/or additional pituitary hormone deficiencies. Replacement with synthetic growth hormone by once daily subcutaneous injection can reverse many of the symptoms and signs of growth hormone deficiency, but the long-term effects are yet to be established. Whether or not all patients with GHD should receive GH replacement remains a matter for debate: a selective approach to therapy based on psychological well being and quality of life has been adopted in many centres.
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PMID:Do all adults with growth hormone deficiency require growth hormone treatment? 1457 66

Recent studies have demonstrated that hypopituitarism, and in particular growth hormone (GH) deficiency, is common among survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) tested several months or years following head trauma. In addition, it has been shown that post-traumatic neuroendocrine abnormalities occur early and with high frequency. These findings may have significant implications for the recovery and rehabilitation of patients with TBI. Although data emerging after 2000 demonstrate the relevance of the problem, in general there is a lack of awareness in the medical community about the incidence and clinical repercussions of the pathology. Most, but not all, head trauma associated with hypopituitarism is the result of motor accidents. The subjects at risk are those who have suffered moderate-to severe head trauma although mild intensity trauma may precede hypopituitarism also. Particular attention should be paid to this problem in children and adolescents. Onset of pituitary deficits can evolve over years following injury. For the assessment of the GH-IGF axis in TBI patients, plasma IGF-I concentrations, plus dynamic GH testing is indicated. Some degree of hypopituitarism is found in 35-40% of TBI patients. Among multiple pituitary deficits, the most common ones were GHD and gonadotrophin deficiency. In most series 10-15% presented with severe GHD and 15% with partial GHD after stimulating GH secretion confirming that the most common isolated deficit is GHD. Psychometric evaluation together with neurocognitive testing shows variability of disability and the possibility that untreated TBI induced hypopituitarism contributes to the chronic neurobehavioral problems seen in many head-injured patients warrants consideration. Preliminary data, from small pilot, open-label studies show that subjects treated with GH experience significant improvements in concentration, memory, depression, anxiety and fatigue. In conclusion, pituitary failure can occur even in minor head injuries and is poorly recognized.
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PMID:Hypopituitarism following traumatic brain injury. 1593 80


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