Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy and safety of terazosin, a selective long-acting alpha-1-adrenergic blocker, were evaluated in 45 normotensive patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia ranging from 50 to 76 years old. All patients underwent a complete urodynamic evaluation and transrectal prostatic ultrasonography before enrollment into the study. The dose of terazosin was titrated to 5 mg. per day for a 1-month interval, provided adverse drug reactions were not observed. Of the patients 39 (87%) completed the dose titration study. The parameters used to assess the effectiveness of terazosin included peak and mean urinary flow rates, micturition symptom scores and the global assessment by the patient of symptomatic improvement. Over-all, the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures changed by less than 1%. The peak and mean urinary flow rates increased by 42 and 48%, respectively. The obstructive and irritative symptom scores improved by 63 and 35%, respectively. Over-all, 30 of the 45 participants (67%) indicated that the voiding symptoms were markedly improved while on terazosin. Five patients did not complete the dose titration study due to development of adverse drug reactions, including erectile dysfunction (7%), tiredness (7%), light-headedness (4%), palpitations (4%), nasal congestion (2%) and asymptomatic hypotension (2%). There were 25 patients (55%) followed on terazosin for 4 to 10 months (mean 6.5 months). The improvements in urinary flow rates and symptom scores were maintained for this interval. Although this preliminary experience with terazosin is encouraging, the ultimate role of terazosin for the long-term treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia needs further evaluation.
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PMID:A dose titration study evaluating terazosin, a selective, once-a-day alpha 1-blocker for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. 170 Jan 52

A questionnaire study on sexual problems occurring with multiple sclerosis (MS) was carried out with 217 patients who had previously participated in the University of Washington Multiple Sclerosis Project. More than one-half of the participating subjects were ambulatory without aids and nearly 75% did not use a wheelchair. Sexual dysfunction was reported by 56% of the women and 75% of the men. Among the women, the most commonly occurring sexual symptoms (in decreasing order of frequency) were fatigue, decreased sensation, decreased libido, decreased frequency or loss of orgasm and difficulty with arousal. Men reported the most common problem was erectile dysfunction, followed by decreased sensation, fatigue, decreased libido, and orgasmic dysfunction. Although loss of mobility, weakness and depression are not significantly associated with sexual dysfunction, spasticity and bladder dysfunction appear to be associated. However, even where these symptoms were absent, sexual dysfunction was perceived in at least 50% of the cases. The data indicate that sexual dysfunction can be anticipated in at least 50% of the women and about 75% of the men affected by MS, regardless of mobility level. It is most likely to occur in patients with spasticity and bladder dysfunction.
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PMID:Sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. 670 86

The so-called andropause is an ill-defined collection of symptoms in a group of men who may have low but may also have normal androgen levels. Unlike the proven benefits of hormone replacement therapy in women, the effects of testosterone supplementation in men are equivocal. It may increase sexual interest, but rarely to a level thought adequate by the patient. It has no proven beneficial effect on erectile dysfunction and other possible beneficial effects on haemopoesis, bone metabolism, lipids and fibrinolysis have yet to be demonstrated. With the availability of the testosterone patch, sustained increases in the serum testosterone levels will be readily achieved and could theoretically significantly affect the behaviour of subclinical prostate cancer. At the present time, testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men is of proven clinical benefit; this is not the case, however, for eugonadal men with symptoms attributed to the andropause. The symptoms of the andropause fatigue can readily be explained by stress and there is no scientifically valid, placebo-controlled study that shows any benefit for testosterone supplements in this not uncommon group of patients.
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PMID:The andropause: fact or fiction? 937 94

In summary, sexual dysfunction is a common finding in both men and women with chronic renal failure. Common disturbances include erectile dysfunction in men, menstrual abnormalities in women, and decreased libido and fertility in both sexes. These abnormalities are primarily organic in nature and are related to uremia as well as the other comorbid conditions that frequently accompany the chronic renal failure patient. Fatigue and psychosocial factors related to the presence of a chronic disease are also contributory factors. Disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis can be detected before the need for dialysis but continue to worsen once dialytic therapy is initiated. Impaired gonadal function is prominent in uremic men, whereas the disturbances in the hypothalamicpituitary axis are more subtle. By contrast, central disturbances are more prominent in uremic women. Therapy is initially directed toward optimizing the delivery of dialysis, correcting anemia with recombinant erythropoietin, and controlling the degree of secondary hyperparathyroidism with vitamin D. For many practicing nephrologists, sildenafil has become the first-line therapy in the treatment of impotence. In the hypogonadal man whose only complaint is decreased libido, testosterone may be of benefit. Regular gynecologic follow-up is required in uremic women to guard against potential complications of unopposed estrogen effect. Uremic women should be advised against pregnancy while on dialysis. Successful transplantation is the most effective means of restoring normal sexual function in both men and women with chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Sexual dysfunction in uremia. 1036 78

Treatment with St John's wort extract tablets (hypericum Ze 117) and the commonly used slow serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine was compared in patients with mild-moderate depression with entry Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) (21-item) in the range 16-24, in a randomized, double-blind, parallel group comparison in 240 subjects; fluoxetine: 114 (48%), hypericum: 126 (52%). After 6 weeks' treatment, mean HAM-D at endpoint decreased to 11.54 on hypericum and to 12.20 on fluoxetine (P < 0.09), while mean Clinical Global Impression (CGI) item I (severity) was significantly (P < 0.03) superior on hypericum, as was the responder rate (P = 0.005). Hypericum safety was substantially superior to fluoxetine, with the incidence of adverse events being 23% on fluoxetine and 8% on hypericum. The commonest events on fluoxetine were agitation (8%), GI disturbances (6%), retching (4%), dizziness (4%), tiredness, anxiety/nervousness and erectile dysfunction (3% each), while on hypericum only GI disturbances (5%) had an incidence greater than 2%. We concluded that hypericum and fluoxetine are equipotent with respect to all main parameters used to investigate antidepressants in this population. Although hypericum may be superior in improving the responder rate, the main difference between the two treatments is safety. Hypericum was superior to fluoxetine in overall incidence of side-effects, number of patients with side-effects and the type of side-effect reported.
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PMID:Equivalence of St John's wort extract (Ze 117) and fluoxetine: a randomized, controlled study in mild-moderate depression. 1075 36

Few studies have evaluated erectile function after interstitial radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Using a validated quality of life questionnaire, we assessed post-treatment erectile function and its relationship to treatment satisfaction and quality of life. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 171 consecutive patients who underwent Pd-103 or I-125 brachytherapy for prostate cancer between December 1992 and June 1998. Seventy percent of patients received neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy. All patients were mailed a validated questionnaire assessing sexual function and overall quality of life (UCLA Prostate Cancer Index and SF-36). Sixty-seven percent of all questionnaires were available for evaluation (114/171). The mean age was 69.1 y with a mean follow-up of 23 months (range 4-72, median 24). Seventy-one percent of patients (81/114) had pre-treatment erections sufficient for sustained vaginal penetration. Of these patients, potency was maintained in 49% of men (40/81). An additional 26% had erections firm enough for foreplay but not penetration (21/81). Erectile dysfunction rates were significantly lower in younger patients (48%) vs older patients (55%). There was no difference in post-treatment potency between men who received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and those who did not (P>0.05). In addition, there were no differences in physical function (86, scale 0-100), general health perception (78), emotional well-being (83), energy/fatigue (74), and overall satisfaction (84) between men with erectile dysfunction and those without. In summary, two years following brachytherapy 25% of patients complained of complete (20/81) or partial (26%, 21/81) erectile dysfunction, for an overall rate of 51% (41/81). Short-term neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (<3-6 months) did not increase the likelihood of post-treatment erectile dysfunction. Interestingly, overall satisfaction rates among brachytherapy patients were high (84/100) and surprisingly did not correlate with post-treatment sexual function.
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PMID:Erectile function and quality of life after interstitial radiation therapy for prostate cancer. 1100 95

PADAM stands for partial androgen deficiency in the aging male, and it is currently diagnosed with a testosterone level below 3 ng/ml (300 ng/dl or 12 nmol/l), and with symptoms varying according to the individual. The symptoms are a reduction or even loss of libido, a decline in muscle mass and strength, enhancement of visceral fatty tissue-padding, dryness of the skin, apathy, tiredness and distortion of mood right up to depression, and ostalgia due to osteoporosis. Before starting any form of hormonal substitution, which is only indicated if clinical symptoms and testosterone deficiency correlate, it is absolutely essential to exclude prostate cancer by using clinical evaluation and PSA values. Close PSA monitoring is necessary during testosterone substitution. In more than 95% of all patients with erectile dysfunction, the cause is not testosterone deficiency. Even a decreased level of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in an elderly male needs no replacement. There is also no indication for estradiol therapy in men--except in the rare case of aromatase deficiency.
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PMID:[PADAM from the urologic viewpoint]. 1104 38

In males, aging, health and disease are processes that occur over physiologic time and involve a cascade of hormonal, biochemical and physiological changes that accompany the down-regulation of the hypothalamic-anterior pituitary-testicular axis. As aging progresses there are relative increases of body fat and decreases in muscle mass. The increased adipose tissue mass is associated with the production of a number of newly generated factors. These include aromatase, leptin, PAI-1, insulin resistance, and the dyslipidemias, all of which can lead to tissue damage. Fatty tissue becomes the focal point for study as it represents the intersection between energy storage and mobilization. The increase in adipose tissue is associated with an increase in the enzyme aromatase that converts testosterone to estradiol and leads to diminished testosterone levels that favor the preferential deposition of visceral fat. As the total body fat mass increases, hormone resistance develops for leptin and insulin. Increasing leptin fails to prevent weight gain and the hypogonadal-obesity cycle ensues causing further visceral obesity and insulin resistance. The progressive insulin resistance leads to a high triglyceride-low HDL pattern of dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular risk. All of these factors eventually contribute to the CHAOS Complex: coronary disease, hypertension, adult-onset diabetes mellitus, obesity and/or stroke as permanent changes unfold. Other consequences of the chronic hypogonadal state include osteopenia, extreme fatigue, depression, insomnia, loss of aggressiveness and erectile dysfunction all of which develop over variable periods of time.
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PMID:Aromatase, adiposity, aging and disease. The hypogonadal-metabolic-atherogenic-disease and aging connection. 1139 22

The rise in male life expectancy is paralleled by increased age-related clinical signs and symptoms such as muscle weakness, osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, changes in body composition, fatigue, decreased sexual interest and activity, and increased prevalence of erectile dysfunction, all of which limit the quality of life. Many of these symptoms are similar to those of clinically well-defined hormone deficiencies, e.g. Kallman syndrome, Prader--Labhart--Willi syndrome or deficiencies due to treatment of pituitary tumors. Three male endocrine axes are characterized by age-related changes in concentrations of circulating hormones: (i) the hypothalamic--pituitary--testicular axis with lower serum levels of testosterone (T) and higher serum levels of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone, (ii) the hypothalamic--pituitary--adrenal axis with its gradual decline in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-sulfate (DHEAS), (iii) the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis showing decreased hormone production concomitant with symptoms similar to those of GH-deficient adults. The beneficial effects of hormone replacement in nonelderly hormone-deficient individuals and in postmenopausal women raised hope that hormone substitution might prevent or even reverse some of the symptoms of male aging. However, this approach is hampered by the lack of individual age-related hormone reference values and reliable clinical read-out parameters. The findings so far do not support the need for widespread hormone replacement in elderly men. Larger long-term prospective studies are needed to identify clinically useful read-out parameters, and then demonstrate that hormone replacement can translate into functional parameters, thereby providing the individual benefit of treatment for aging men.
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PMID:Hormonal changes in aging men: a therapeutic indication? 1140 52

Gonadal and sexual function are key to quality of life following bone marrow transplantation (BMT), but no large studies have been published on Leydig cell (LC) function in adults. LC insufficiency (LCI) can cause premature andropause with its consequences including sexual morbidity from diminished libido and erectile dysfunction (ED). In addition, LCI can result in generalised fatigue and even osteopenia. We reviewed gonadal function pre-transplant (immediately prior to BMT) and at 3-18 months post BMT in 117 patients who underwent BMT for a variety of haematological malignancies. The patients presented with variable degrees of symptoms of LCI, such as fatigue, diminished sex drive and libido or ED. The results suggest that the patients sustained severe gonadal damage to both their germ cells (GC) as well as the LC compartment (P < 0.001). We characterised two distinct functional subsets of LC insufficiency: Type I: compensated type with high LH and normal T levels and low T/LH ratio: (n = 102); and type II: uncompensated type (premature andropause) with high LH and low testosterone levels with low T/LH ratio (n = 15). Although type II patients had more severe LC damage than type I, patients in both groups were symptomatic. We recommend that symptomatic patients in both groups may benefit from a therapeutic trial with testosterone replacement treatment (TRT) for 3-6 months.
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PMID:Patterns of Leydig cell insufficiency in adult males following bone marrow transplantation for haematological malignancies. 1159 24


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