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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two types of experiments concerning estimated magnitude of self-motion during exposure to linear oscillation on a parallel swing are described in this paper. Experiment I examined changes in magnitude estimation as a function of variation of the subject's head orientation, and Experiments II a, II b, and II c assessed changes in magnitude estimation performance following exposure to sustained, "intense" linear oscillation (fatigue-inducing stimulation). The subjects' performance was summarized employing Stevens' power law (R = k . Sn, where R is perceived self-motion magnitude, k is a constant, S is amplitude of linear oscillation, and n is an exponent). The results of Experiment I indicated that the exponents, n, for the magnitude estimation functions varied with head orientation and were greatest when the head was oriented 135 degrees off the vertical. In Experiments II a-c, the magnitude estimation function exponents were increased following fatigue. Both types of experiments suggest ways in which the vestibular system's contribution to a spatial orientation perceptual system may vary. This variability may be a contributing factor to the development of pilot/astronaut disorientation and may also be implicated in the occurrence of motion sickness.
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PMID:Self-motion magnitude estimation during linear oscillation: changes with head orientation and following fatigue. 4 23

To document the point that the hyperparathyroidism should be considered a possible cause of unexplained neurological and psychiatric symptoms, the authors present five case reports of confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism in which the patients initially appeared with problems that seemed mainly psychiatric. The presenting symptoms in these cases consisted of varying degrees of depression, catatonia, confusion, disorientation, fatigue, and lethargy; there was no associated bone or renal pathology in four of the cases. The authors include a review of the pertinent literature and a discussion of the effect of calcium and magnesium bivalent ions on the central nervous system associated with hyperparathyroidism. They conclude that more investigation of the role of magnesium in this disease seems warranted.
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PMID:Mental changes associated with hyperparathyroidism. 111 11

The aim of this study was to verify long-term therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of dihydroergocristine (DHEC, CAS 17479-19-5) in a double blind placebo controlled study, in elderly patients with psychosyndrome characterized by memory and behaviour impairment. Two hundred patients, aged more than 65 years, were randomly divided into two groups of one hundred each. The first group received one 6-mg DHEC tablet daily for four months and the other group received placebo. The evaluation parameter for efficacy was the neuropsychological test SCAG (Scale of Clinical Assessment for Geriatrics), administered before and after 30, 60 and 120 days. The results showed a significant difference between DHEC and placebo with regard to total and partial scores of SCAG as well as to single items (mental alertness, recent memory, disorientation, anxiety, mood depression, emotional lability, motivation, uncooperativeness, fatigue, headache, tinnitus). After as few as thirty days of DHEC treatment the severity of mental and psychological symptoms was markedly decreased (p vs placebo < 0.01), as documented by significant positive changes of SCAG items. The four-month double blind period was followed by a two-month single blind period, during which patients of both groups received placebo. At the end of these two months, SCAG total score was unfavourably increased in patients previously administered DHEC, although scores were still significantly lower both versus baseline and versus previous placebo patients. Safety was good (placebo: one case of diarrhea; DHEC: one case of gastralgia and dizziness). Nine patients dropped out for reasons unrelated to treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Controlled study of the effect of dihydroergocristine on organic brain psychosyndrome]. 149 63

Ranitidine was first marketed in 1981; since then many patients have been treated such that much experience has been accumulated on the safety of this histamine H2-receptor antagonist in the treatment of gastroduodenal disease. A wide array of ranitidine-associated side effects has been described, but infrequently. As so much information is now available, the aim of this review is to assess the weight of evidence for a causal link between ranitidine and the reported side effects. Overall, ranitidine is well tolerated. The incidence of general side effects at less than 2% is very similar to placebo. Headaches, tiredness, dizziness and mild gastrointestinal disturbance (e.g. diarrhoea, constipation and nausea) are among the most frequent complaints, but have very seldom resulted in stopping treatment. Cardiovascular side effects are extremely rare and unpredictable with the usual doses of oral ranitidine (at most 1 in 1 million patients). They mostly comprise sinusal bradycardia and atrioventricular blockade, especially after rapid intravenous administration, receding after cessation of the drug. Clinical studies, however, have not shown a significant pharmacological effect of ranitidine on the cardiovascular system via H2-receptors, even though individual sensitivities cannot be ruled out in a few isolated reports. Ranitidine is unlikely to be directly hepatotoxic: a transient change in liver function tests has been noted in only 1 in 100 to 1 in 1000 patients. Several cases of mixed hepatitis have been reported, but very few were fully documented. The incidence of ranitidine-associated acute hepatitis has been estimated to be less than 1 in 100,000 patients. Neuropsychiatric complications may be less common and clinically quite similar to those reported with cimetidine, i.e. confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, delirium. These side effects have occurred especially in critically ill and multiple-therapy patients, or patients with chronic renal or hepatic failure, so that the direct causal link with ranitidine treatment was often difficult to ascertain. Even though an H2-receptor-mediated effect is an attractive hypothesis (since similar complications were noted with other H2-receptor antagonists), other mechanisms have been suggested to play a role, e.g. cholinergic or histaminic effects. The overall incidence of neuropsychiatric complications is probably markedly less than 1%. White cell injury (i.e. agranulocytosis) appears to be the most frequent haematological complication, even though case reports are very few and poorly documented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Side effects of ranitidine. 204 87

In view of some controversies still existing about the real efficacy of ergot derivatives in the management of dementia, a double-blind, randomized, parallel group trial extending up to 6 months was carried out to compare the effects of nicergoline, 60 mg daily, and placebo in 315 patients suffering from mild to moderate dementia. Clinical evaluation was performed by the SCAG scale. The trial, which included a 1-month placebo run-in period, showed that both placebo and nicergoline were associated with some degree of improvement. The effect of nicergoline, however, was significantly greater and more sustained, steadily increasing with time. In particular, the difference between nicergoline and placebo in mean total SCAG score was 5.5 at 3 months (95% confidence interval: 3.6-7.4) and increased to 9.8 at 6 months (95% confidence interval: 7.8-11.8). A comparison of nicergoline versus placebo in the frequencies of changes in each item of the SCAG showed also a significant difference at 6 months, the percent of patients displaying an improvement by at least 2 points ranging from 13.5 (bothersome) to 30.2 (disorientation) in nicergoline group, against 4.1 (self-care) to 14.3 (fatigue) in placebo group. The safety of nicergoline, as judged by hemodynamic changes and drug-related adverse reactions, was quite satisfactory.
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PMID:Nicergoline in mild to moderate dementia. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. 264 50

Eighteen patients with solid tumours were treated with human recombinant interferon-gamma at escalating dose levels starting at 1 X 10(6) units/m2 per infusion and rising through 3 X 10(6), 6 X 10(6), 9 X 10(6) and 22 X 10(6) to a maximum of 110 X 10(6) units/m2 per infusion. The IV infusions were given three times a week over a 4-week period. Side effects were seen in all patients, but were mild except at the highest dose. Acute dose-related effects included pyrexia, tiredness, thirst, chills and rigors. Chronic dose-related effects included anorexia, lethargy, weakness, disorientation, a trace of proteinuria and minimal rises in liver enzymes. In addition, effects were observed which were not related to dose. These included headache, nausea and vomiting, backache, myalgia, flatulence and a mild, transient reduction in neutrophils and erythrocytes. At the highest dose level dose-limiting toxicity was observed, consisting in severe tiredness and anorexia, hypotension, disorientation and changes on the electrocardiograph. Overall, toxicity was similar to that seen with preparations of interferon-alpha, except that no tolerance to the effects of interferon-gamma was noted. We observed less hepatic and haematological toxicity, but also recorded flatulence, handcramps and electrocardiograph changes, which have not been reported with interferon-alpha. When given according to this regimen, doses of 22 X 10(6) units/m2 per infusion of recombinant interferon-gamma were generally well tolerated by the patients.
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PMID:A toxicity study of recombinant interferon-gamma given by intravenous infusion to patients with advanced cancer. 309 8

An intense vaso-vagal reaction characterizes all the reflex induced cardiovascular syncopes. In these syndromes the vagal cardio-inhibitor effect on heart rate is more evident than the vasodilatation and fall in blood pressure. The vasodepressor mechanism is uncommon even in carotid sinus syndrome. We have studied 6 male patients, age range 56-73 years (mean age: 64) with recurrent vasodepressor syncopes. The following were always present during such episodes: generalized malaise, profound fatigue, pallor, cyanosis, copious sweating, lack of peripheral pulses, severe fall in blood pressure (BP) (systolic BP less than or equal to 50-60 mmHg or unrecordable), mental disorientation and/or syncope. The first diagnosis in our patients was carotid sinus syndrome, but, the clinical picture was quite different from classic carotid sinus syndrome: triggering factors were not present, the vasovagal episodes were longer, the syncopes more frequent and severe, and the VVI pacing uneffective. Further investigations, including computerized axial tomography, showed--in all these patients--a malignant tumour originally localized in or near the parapharyngeal space. We think that the symptoms of our patients can be attributed to parapharyngeal tumour and that the parapharyngeal space lesions are able to cause severe vasovagal attacks and syncope. The pathogenetic mechanism in this syndrome, due to neural irritation of the glossopharyngeal afferent fibres, is similar to the glossopharyngeal neuralgia-asystole syndrome, but it obviously doesn't involve pain-pathways since none of our patients had pain. Therefore, this syndrome differs from glossopharyngeal neuralgia- asystole syndrome in the presence of tumours and in the absence of neuralgia and initiating factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A new reflex cardiovascular syndrome: recurrent vasodepressive syncope caused by lesions or tumors of the parapharyngeal space. Etiopathogenesis, clinical picture, differential diagnosis with carotid sinus syndrome and glossopharyngeal neuralgia-asystole syndrome. Therapy by intracranial resection of the 9th cranial nerve]. 319 43

A case of aspergillotic abscess with granuloma is reported. A 45-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on Apr. 10, 1984 due to the rupture of an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. Neck clipping of the aneurysm was proposed on Apr. 12, 1984, but was not performed because of cardiac arrest with unknown etiology during the operation. Neck clipping was performed on Apr. 23, 1984. Antibiotic therapy was prolonged for about three weeks. About 6 months after surgery, he was readmitted on Oct. 12, 1984 with the chief complaint of general fatigue and headache. On readmission, laboratory examinations were normal except for leukocytosis, elevated ESR and positive CRP. Neurological examination revealed left papilledema, disorientation and memory disturbance. On lumbar puncture, the cerebrospinal fluid showed 2 lymphocytes, 71 mg percent protein, 94 mg percent glucose. The skull and chest X-ray findings were normal. The CT scan revealed an irregular low density area in the left frontal lobe with abnormal enhancement. Steroids and antibiotic therapy were initiated. Since mass signs on CT scan increased gradually, partial removal of abscess and granuloma was performed on Nov. 5, 1984. From the necrotic granuloma, Aspergillus was microscopically recognized and Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured on Sabouraud's medium. Immunologically, serum immunoglobulin levels and the subset of lymphocytes were normal. Tuberculin reaction was negative. After the operation, amphotericin-B and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) were administered. Nevertheless mass signs on CT scan increased again. The fourth operation was performed on Dec. 6, 1984.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of cerebral aspergilloma following radical operation of a cerebral aneurysm]. 352 Mar 67

The environmental problems affecting aircrew are partly those which all soldiers face, such as noise, heat and cold, and partly peculiar to the medium and the vehicle in which aircrew train and fight, such as disorientation and decompression. The cockpit environment of the modern helicopter is luxurious in comparison with many of its predecessors, yet most of the adverse effects of flight on the man still pertain. The result can, predictably, be acute and disastrous, resulting in an accident produced by severe disorientation, or chronic, producing insidious fatigue and performance decrement, which may also result in an accident. One particular stressor may be dominant in a given situation, but generally, many separate factors act simultaneously to produce their results.
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PMID:Environmental factors in helicopter operations. 652 45

In summary, procainamide is a useful agent for suppressing premature depolarization frequency. Its short half-life of elimination requires a dosing frequency of every 3 hours with regular dosage forms or every 6-8 hours with a sustained action dosage. Because of the extreme unpredictability of plasma concentration, the dosage must be titrated in each patient with electrocardiographic monitoring serving as the most useful method of evaluating efficacy. Maximum and minimum plasma concentrations are helpful in monitoring the achievement of therapeutic plasma levels and adjusting the frequency of dosing, especially in the presence of impaired renal function or low cardiac output. Adverse effects of procainamide include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, insomnia, visual hallucinations, and disorientation; these are minor and cease with discontinuation of the drug. Agranulocytosis has rarely been reported. Long-term treatment has resulted in the occurrence of a lupus-like syndrome that is reversible when the drug is stopped. Procainamide is excreted in breast milk and infants of mothers receiving procainamide should not be nursed.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of a sustained release procainamide preparation. 703 27


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