Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

3 cases of cyclical convergent strabismus (48 hour rhythm) were investigated. In contrast to intermittant strabismus, cyclical strabismus is not fatigue dependant. An alteration in the rhythm of the cyclical esotropia was produced by wearing prisms, red glasses or occlusion for several days. This observation indicates that centrally inaugurated rhythm processes can be altered by peripheral sensory influcences. In the case of our third patient, who was not operated upon, there was a cyclical strabismus which persisted from the age of 4 to 19 years, before changing to a constant convergent strabismus. The other two patients, following strabismus surgery, had a small angle esophoria with good fusion and stereopsis.
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PMID:[Alternate day squint (author's transl)]. 122 20

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of tropia, phoria, and their types in Islamic Azad University students in Shahrekord, Iran.Methods: Of 826 students that were invited, 752 participated in this cross-sectional study (response rate = 91.04%). After applying exclusion criteria, statistical analyses were performed on the data of 726 individuals. All participants underwent optometric tests including measurement of visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, as well as binocular vision and ocular health examinations. The unilateral and alternate cover tests were done to detect the tropia and phoria at 6 m and 40 cm, respectively.Results: The overall prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of tropia, exotropia, and esotropia were 1.5% (0.8 to 2.7), 1.2% (0.6 to 2.4), and 0.3% (0.1 to 1.1), respectively. The prevalence of esotropia was significantly higher in older age groups (24 years old) (p = .040) . The prevalence of exotropia was significantly higher in females (0.039) and in myopic individuals (p = .001). The overall prevalence and 95% CI of phoria, exophoria, and esophoria were 12.9% (10.7 to 15.6), 11.7% (9.6 to 14.3), and 1.2% (0.6 to 2.3), respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall prevalence of exophoria according to the age (0.021). The prevalence of esophoria was significantly higher in females (p = .039). The prevalence of exophoria was significantly higher in myopic participants (p = .003). Exophoria and exotropia were the most common types of phoria and tropia, respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of strabismus in university students was similar to the Iranian general population but lower than other countries. One in every 10 students had phoria, which was much lower than similar reports on Iranian populations; however, due to near-work activity, these students are prone to asthenopia, early visual fatigue, and decreased productivity. Therefore, it is suggested that university students also undergo screening programs to detect the cases of tropia and phoria.
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PMID:The prevalence of tropia, phoria and their types in a student population in Iran. 3186 64