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 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Criterion-related validity of a new measure of functional ability was conducted according to a causal model based on conceptual models employed in the area of rehabilitative and geriatric medicine. The criteria variables included concurrent diagnosed diseases, global self-rated health, drug consumption and general practitioner (GP) consultations. The measure of functional ability was developed with the intention of achieving a high degree of discrimination among a group of community dwelling elderly. Data were derived from a sample survey of 70-year-old men and women conducted in 1984 in the county of Copenhagen (Denmark). Altogether 366 men and 368 women participated in each of the two phases of the study--a comprehensive medical examination at the county hospital at Glostrup followed by a home visit conducted by an occupational therapist 1-2 weeks later. The analysis included four different unidimensional index scales of functional ability divided into two types, with reduced speed and tiredness as subdimensions. The two scale types were mobility function and lower limb function. Early losses of ability together with global self-rated health were treated as outcome measures of diagnosed chronic diseases. At the same time these outcome measures together with diagnosed diseases were considered to predict drug consumption and GP consultations. It was shown that functional ability as measured by the new index scales were strongly influenced by diagnosed diseases: arteriostenosis and osteoarthrosis in lower extremities, obesity, shoulder impairments and bronchitis among women, and glucose intolerance, arteriostenosis in lower extremities and shoulder impairments among men. Global self-rated health was strongly associated with the new functional ability rating system. Early losses of ability but not self-rated health was a strong predictor for drug consumption and frequent contacts with GP. It is concluded that the new measure of functional ability is suitable for health studies of community dwelling elderly, in particular as a summary statement of the individual's health status.
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PMID:Functional ability of community dwelling elderly. Criterion-related validity of a new measure of functional ability. 143 11

Infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae were first described in 1985. The infection can cause common cold, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache, fatigue and sometimes influenza-like illness. Examination can indicate serous otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. The course can be long and relapsing. The recommended drugs for treatment are tetracycline or erythromycin for at least two weeks. Five verified cases are described in the article, four of them with symptoms from the upper respiratory tract only. It is concluded that Chlamydia pneumoniae is a not unusual cause of upper airway diseases. Up to now the diagnosis can best be verified by micro immunofluorescence. The authors call for a rapid and reliable test for use in physician's office. It is proposed that infections caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae be termed TWAR.
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PMID:[TWAR infection is a common diagnosis in outpatient clinics]. 157 35

A 52-year-old female complained about non-distinct symptoms such as fatigue, night sweats and bone pain. Because of a febrile bronchitis, chest X-ray was performed, which disclosed enlarged hilar nodes and intestinal and acinar pulmonary infiltrates. Endobronchial biopsy and cultures from bronchial aspirate permitted to diagnose infection by legionella concomitant with sarcoidosis. After antibiotic treatment for legionellosis over four weeks, immunosuppressive therapy for sarcoidosis was initiated with glucocorticoids.
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PMID:[Fever, dyspnea]. 232 Aug 8

A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out among 141 male subjects exposed to inorganic manganese (Mn) in a Mn oxide and salt producing plant (mean age 34.3 years; duration of exposure, mean 7.1 years, range 1-19 years). The results were compared with those of a matched control group of 104 subjects. The intensity of Mn exposure was moderate as reflected by the airborne Mn levels and the concentrations of Mn in blood (Mn-B) and in urine (Mn-U). A significantly higher prevalence of cough in cold season, dyspnea during exercise, and recent episodes of acute bronchitis was found in the Mn group. Lung ventilatory parameters (forced vital capacity, FVC; forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1; peak expiratory flow rate, PEFR) were only mildly altered in the Mn group (smokers) and the intensity and the prevalence of these changes were not related to Mn-B, Mn-U, or duration of exposure. There was no synergistic effect between Mn exposure and smoking on the spirometric parameters. Except for a few nonspecific symptoms (fatigue, tinnitus, trembling of fingers, increased irritability), the prevalence of the other subjective complaints did not differ significantly between the control and Mn groups. Psychomotor tests were more sensitive than the standardized neurological examination for the early detection of adverse effects of Mn on the central nervous system (CNS). Significant alterations were found in simple reaction time (visual), audioverbal short-term memory capacity, and hand tremor (eye-hand coordination, hand steadiness). A slight increase in the number of circulating neutrophils and in the values of several serum parameters (ie, calcium, ceruloplasmin, copper, and ferritin) was also found in the Mn group. There were no clear-cut dose-response relationships between Mn-U or duration of Mn exposure and the prevalence of abnormal CNS or biological findings. The prevalences of disturbances in hand tremor and that of increased levels of serum calcium were related to Mn-B. The response to the eye-hand coordination test suggests the existence of a Mn-B threshold at about 1 microgram Mn/100 ml of whole blood. This study demonstrates that a time-weighted average exposure to airborne Mn dust (total dust) of about 1 mg/m3 for less than 20 years may present preclinical signs of intoxication.
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PMID:Epidemiological survey among workers exposed to manganese: effects on lung, central nervous system, and some biological indices. 357 89

This study compared recalled physical and emotional sensations during episodes of acute dyspnea across pulmonary disease groups. The convenience sample consisted of 68 subjects with emphysema-bronchitis, asthma, vascular, and restrictive disease. Temporal patterns of physical and emotional sensations before and during episodes of dyspnea were identified. The frequency of sensations was remarkably similar across disease categories with few significant differences identified. Rather than the disease category, the frequency, intensity, and periodicity of the symptom of dyspnea had the greatest effect on the quality and frequency of sensations reported. The intensity of usual dyspnea reported on a visual analog scale varied significantly among groups, p = .026, with asthmatics having the lowest mean score and vascular subjects the highest. Females reported significantly greater usual dyspnea than males, p = .005. The variables of pulmonary disease group, gender, fatigue, and total network of social support were significantly related to usual dyspnea, and pulmonary group, gender, and attendance at Better Breathers classes were significantly related to worst dyspnea.
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PMID:The sensations of pulmonary dyspnea. 363 51

Cefotaxime (CTX) was used for 129 cases in respiratory tract and other infections; 57 cases of pneumonia, 20 cases of bronchopneumonia, 20 cases of acute bronchitis, 14 cases of chronic bronchitis, 7 cases of acute exacerbation of bronchiectasia or pulmonary emphysema, 4 cases of suppurative diseases of the lung, 1 case of pyothorax, 1 case of retropharyngeal abscess, 3 cases of pleurisy and 1 case of urinary tract infection. (A case was excepted on clinical evaluation.) CTX was administered by intravenous injection or drip infusion at a daily dose ranging from 0.5 to 8 g, for a term of 2 to 61 days. The total dose patients received ranged from 3 to 226 g. The results obtained were as follows. Clinical effects; excellent in 45 cases, good in 63 cases, fair in 9 cases, poor in 7 cases and unevaluable in 4 cases. The efficacy rate was 87.1% (108/124). Bacteriological effects; eliminated in 30 cases, decreased in 8 cases, unchanged in 2 cases and replaced in 1 case. The elimination rate was 75.6% (31/41). Side effects and abnormal laboratory findings; general itching, fatigue in lower extremities and albuminuria in 1 case each, and anemia in 2 cases. Increased number of eosinophiles and elevated GOT in 1 case each, elevated GOT and GPT in 3 cases and elevated GOT, GPT and A1-P in 2 cases. These symptoms or abnormal laboratory findings disappeared after the discontinuation or termination of CTX therapy. In view of the above, CTX may be considered to be a clinically useful antibiotic against respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotaxime in internal medicine]. 631 10

In order to reduce the strain on the environment from the deposition of waste in landfills and combustion at incineration plants, several governments throughout the industrialized world have planned greatly increased recycling of domestic waste by the turn of the millennium. To implement the plans, new waste recycling facilities are to be built and the number of workers involved in waste sorting and recycling will increase steadily during the next decade. Several studies have reinforced the hypothesis that exposure to airborne microorganisms and the toxic products thereof are important factors causing a multitude of health problems among workers at waste sorting and recycling plants. Workers at transfer stations, landfills and incineration plants may experience an increased risk of pulmonary disorders and gastrointestinal problems. High concentrations of total airborne dust, bacteria, faecal coliform bacteria and fungal spores have been reported. The concentrations are considered to be sufficiently high to cause adverse health effects. In addition, a high incidence of lower back injuries, probably due to heavy lifting during work, has been reported among workers at landfills and incineration plants. Workers involved in manual sorting of unseparated domestic waste, as well as workers at compost plants experience more or less frequent symptoms of organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) (cough, chest-tightness, dyspnoea, influenza-like symptoms such as chills, fever, muscle ache, joint pain, fatigue and headache), gastrointestinal problems such as nausea and diarrhoea, irritation of the skin, eye and mucous membranes of the nose and upper airways, etc. In addition cases of severe occupational pulmonary diseases (asthma, alveolitis, bronchitis) have been reported. Manual sorting of unseparated domestic waste may be associated with exposures to large quantities of airborne bacteria and endotoxin. Several work functions in compost plants can result in very high exposure to airborne fungal spores and thermophilic actinomycetes. At plants sorting separated domestic waste, e.g. the combustible fraction of waste composed of paper, cardboard and plastics, the workers may have an increased risk of gastrointestinal symptoms and irritation of the eyes and skin. At such plants the bioaerosol exposure levels are in general low, but at some work tasks, e.g. manual sorting and work near the balers, exposure levels may occasionally be high enough to be potentially harmful. Workers handling the source-sorted paper or cardboard fraction do not appear to have an elevated risk of occupational health problems related to bioaerosol exposure, and the bioaerosol exposure is generally low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Sorting and recycling of domestic waste. Review of occupational health problems and their possible causes. 761 Mar 83

Transcutaneous stimulation electromyography of the diaphragm was performed in 64 patients suffering from chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) to evaluate the function of the diaphragmatic muscle. Increased amplitude, area and shorter M-response gave evidence for the muscle fatigue. Changes in the above parameters correlated with the degree of the respiratory insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension. The authors included subcutaneous electrostimulation of the diaphragm in combined treatment of COB patients free of clinical manifestations indicating circulation decompensation. These patients benefited from the stimulation in contrast to COB patients with decompensated circulation who failed to respond to the procedure.
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PMID:[Diaphragmatic muscle fatigue--its diagnosis and treatment]. 798 65

For 6 weeks a 52-year-old woman had complained of increasing fatigue, blood-streaked vomitus, retrosternal burning and pain between the shoulder blades. Physical examination showed no abnormalities. Blood sedimentation rate was increased to 15/40 mm and the iron concentration was slightly reduced. Computed tomography demonstrated densities in the left upper lobe of the lung and both lower lobes. Scintigraphy revealed a perfusion defect in the left apex of the lung while bronchoscopy demonstrated acute bronchitis in the left upper lobe. Further haemoptysis occurred 3 months later, but several bronchoscopies failed to elucidate their cause. Three days later another haemoptysis caused respiratory arrest. After resuscitation the bleeding was localized to the right main bronchus, and the right upper and middle lobes were resected. The patient died the next day from a massive haemoptysis. Post-mortem examination showed angiodysplasia in all lobes of the lung. The branches of the pulmonary artery were dilated, their wall was irregular and the muscular tunica media reduced. The elastic lamellae were fragmented and there were cell-rich intimal pads. These changes most closely resembled fibromuscular dysplasia.
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PMID:[Pulmonary angiodysplasia with fatal pulmonary hemorrhage]. 851 18

The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of mouldy homes and their association with respiratory symptoms and diseases in a subarctic climate. A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 2,000 males and females, aged 25-64 yrs, living in the county of Kuopio, Finland. A total of 1,521 (76%) responded and 1,460 were selected for the final analysis. The prevalence of homes with visible mould was 4%; with the odour of mould 5%; with damp spots, visible mould or the odour of mould 15%; and with moisture/ water damage, damp spots, visible mould or the odour of mould 23%. The number of reports of bronchitis, common cold, atopy, allergic rhinitis, rhinitis, fever and chills, hoarseness, fatigue, difficulties in concentration, lumbar backache and stomach ache were strongly associated with living in a damp home. Bronchitis, hoarseness and difficulties in concentration had the strongest associations, with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence limits) of: 2.04 (1.49-2.78), 2.23 (1.37-3.63) and 2.17 (1.35-3.50), respectively. After controlling for a possible reporting bias by excluding those subjects reporting lumbar backache and recurrent stomach pain, eye irritation and tiredness remained significant. In conclusion, living in a home with mould problems may increase the risk of respiratory infections and symptoms in adults.
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PMID:Home dampness, moulds and their influence on respiratory infections and symptoms in adults in Finland. 898 Sep 78


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