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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Flights aboard modern vehicles are associated with high nervous-emotional and physical stresses. This may induce depletion of reserve capabilities, development of fatigue and, consequently, reduction of work capacity of crewmembers. The paper discusses approaches and results of the use of drugs by pilots and cosmonauts in order to alleviate their fatigue and emotional stress. It gives indications and contraindications for the adminstration of stimulants and tranquilizers. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the literature data and their own findings, the authors draw the conclusion that the use of stimulants and anxiolytics may increase the level of reliability and performance of air- and spacecraft pilots during programmed and, particularly, contigent situations of the flight.
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PMID:[Psychopharmacology in aviation and astronautics]. 1 70

The changes in the length of interval R-R and in heart rate are widely used for estimation of man's physical state. How-ever, this ECG index has several drawbacks including a relatively low sensitivity and non-specificity, unindirection of changes under different states: attention and fatigue, physical and emotional stress, etc. Moreover, one and the same factor, e.g. emotional stress, can lead both to a decrease and an increase in the heart rate. Hence, it is necessary to find other more adquate ECG parameters, which would enhance the reliability and accuracy of assessment of man's state. The analysis of data found in literature and the results of our preliminary experiments have shown that the amplitude of the t-peak and duration of the R-T interval of ECG can be used as such parameters.
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PMID:Characteristics of the electrocardio-gram under physical and emotional stress in man. 111 10

Post-mortem neurohistopathologies that document polio virus-induced lesions in reticular formation and hypothalamic, thalamic, peptidergic, and monoaminergic neurons in the brain are reviewed from 158 individuals who contracted polio before 1950. This polioencephalitis was found to occur in every case of poliomyelitis, even those without evidence of damage to spinal motor neurons. These findings, in combination with data from the 1990 National Post-Polio Survey and new magnetic resonance imaging studies documenting post-encephalitis-like lesions in the brains of polio survivors, are used to present two hypotheses: 1) polioencephalitic damage to aging reticular activating system and monoaminergic neurons is responsible for post-polio fatigue, and 2) polioencephalitic damage to enkephalin-producing neurons is responsible for hypersensitivity to pain in polio survivors. In addition, the antimetabolic action of glucocorticoids on polio-damaged, metabolically vulnerable neurons may be responsible for the fatigue and muscle weakness reported by polio survivors during emotional stress.
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PMID:Polioencephalitis, stress, and the etiology of post-polio sequelae. 175 94

In order to derive practical health care suggestions, researchers examined the health beliefs, practices, and experiences of Korean women living in the US. The study involved 20 volunteer Koran women from the Chicago metropolitan area, and to avoid communication problems, the interviews were conducted in Korean, later translated into English. The age of the volunteers ranged from 26-32 years; they had been in the US from 1-10 years (the average was 3.3). As far as their beliefs were concerned, the women took a holistic approach to health, emphasizing not only the physical, but also the psychological and the spiritual. As many as 1/2 the women rated their health as below average, which they attributed to problems such as emotional stress and fatigue (the study suggests that this high rate of stress is the product of having to adjust to a new society). Concerning their health practices, only 1 woman regularly had a Pap test and did regular breast self-examination. And while 6 of the women reported that they couldn't drink milk, 18 said they ate well and took prescribed vitamin, iron, and calcium pills. Also, all the women attended prenatal care clinics, and the rate of breastfeeding was 60% -- higher than the national average. Relying on traditional medicine, all 20 women reported eating brown seaweed soup for 20 days after childbirth, and 5 said that they took tonic herbs during the puerperium. These practices sometimes caused conflict at the hospital, and language difficulties also caused problems. The study recommends: 1) developing pamphlets in Korean about the US health care delivery system and community health programs; 2) developing a bilingual pamphlet of medical terms; 3) ensuring that health car workers visit the patients more often to give them more opportunities to ask for assistance; 4) when needed, using family members as interpreters; and 5) having health care workers discuss diet with the patients.
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PMID:Beliefs, practices, and experiences of Korean women in relation to childbirth. 202 35

Many women whose premature infants are hospitalized in a newborn intensive care unit choose to express breast milk for their babies. Yet anxiety, fatigue, and emotional stress are powerful inhibitors of lactation. To facilitate the breast-feeding experience, intervention mothers were given a 20-minute audio cassette tape based on relaxation and visual imagery techniques. At a single follow-up expression of milk at the hospital approximately 1 week after enrollment, they expressed 63% more breast milk than a randomized group of control mothers. The fat content of the breast milk in the two groups was not significantly different. Among a small group of mothers whose infants were receiving mechanical ventilation, the increase in milk volume compared with that of control mothers was 121%. Longer-term effects of the relaxation/imagery approach (such as extending the duration of breast-feeding or reducing parental stress after hospital discharge) and the physiologic basis for the increased volume of expressed milk (improved milk production v more efficient milk ejection) are appropriate topics for future research.
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PMID:Increasing breast milk production for premature infants with a relaxation/imagery audiotape. 264 20

beta-Adrenoceptor blockers (beta-blockers) are common first-choice drugs in the treatment of various cardiovascular disorders. Physical exercise performed during single-dose administration of beta-blockers, however, is associated with an increased rate of perceived exertion; an effect which appears to be partly reduced with long term treatment. Although clinical doses of beta-blockade may reduce heart rate by 30 to 35%, during maximal exercise cardiac output is not equally reduced. Accordingly, most studies have demonstrated increased stroke volume after beta-blockade. This reduction in heart rate is typically accompanied by a decreased VO2max (5 to 15%) in both patients and healthy, trained subjects. This smaller reduction in VO2max, as compared with the decrease in cardiac output, is the result of a partly compensating increased arteriovenous O2 difference. Work capacity as reflected by the ability to perform intense short term or more prolonged steady-state exercise is also impaired following beta-blockade. beta-Adrenoceptors can be subdivided into types beta 1- and beta 2. Blockers which are specific for either beta 1-receptors (beta 1-selective blockers) or both beta 1- and beta 2 receptors (non-selective blockers) differ with regard to their effect on exercise performance. Exercise performance ability, irrespective of exercise intensity and duration, is impaired to a greater extent following non-selective than beta 1-selective blockade at equal reductions in heart rate. This response stems from a decreased energy flux through glycogenolysis during non-selective blockade treatment. Individuals receiving beta-blockade medication therefore show greater adaptive response to physical conditioning during treatment with beta 1-selective than non-selective blockade probably because of greater training intensity with the former therapy. Neither psychomotor performance nor muscular strength and power is negatively affected by beta-blockade. Nevertheless, the ability to perform athletic events requiring high levels of motor control under emotional stress but not high levels of aerobic or anaerobic energy release, is probably increased during beta-blockade.
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PMID:Exercise performance and beta-blockade. 286 77

Overtraining is an imbalance between training and recovery. Short term overtraining or 'over-reaching' is reversible within days to weeks. Fatigue accompanied by a number of physical and psychological symptoms in the athlete is an indication of 'staleness' or 'overtraining syndrome'. Staleness is a dysfunction of the neuroendocrine system, localised at hypothalamic level. Staleness may occur when physical and emotional stress exceeds the individual coping capacity. However, the precise mechanism has yet to be established. Clinically the syndrome can be divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic types, based upon the predominance of sympathetic or parasympathetic activity, respectively. The syndrome and its clinical manifestation can be explained as a stress response. At present, no sensitive and specific tests are available to prevent or diagnose overtraining. The diagnosis is based on the medical history and the clinical presentation. Complete recovery may take weeks to months.
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PMID:Overtraining in elite athletes. Review and directions for the future. 306 35

The clinical features and sleep physiology of 11 female patients with "fibrositis syndrome" or rheumatic pain modulation disorder (RPMD) were compared with 11 female postaccident pain (PAP) patients who complained of widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and nonrestorative sleep following a nonphysically injurious motor vehicle or work-related accident. Both groups had similar musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleepiness and an alpha (7.5-11 Hz) EEG non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep anomaly. A psychophysiologic arousal mechanism during NREM sleep induced by the emotional stress of the accident may mediate the subsequent nonrestorative sleep, musculoskeletal pain, and fatigue symptoms in the posttraumatic pain disorder.
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PMID:Sleep and posttraumatic rheumatic pain modulation disorder (fibrositis syndrome). 346 Jan 7

Psychological and other factors are examined individually and collectively in relation to self-perceived chronic fatigue among a national sample of adults. It is found that the lifestyle variable physical activity and such psychological variables as self-reported depression, anxiety, and emotional stress are highly associated with fatigue and are independently predictive of it. Adults who are physically inactive or who experience any psychological problems are at much higher risk of feeling fatigue than those who are physically active or free from psychological problems. Women are more likely to feel fatigued than men, and heavier women are more likely to feel fatigue than lighter ones. No difference in degree of fatigue was found between heavier and lighter men.
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PMID:The epidemiology of self-perceived fatigue among adults. 371 61

Human error has been found to cause or contribute to most aviation accidents. Excess emotional stress may have an adverse effect on pilot performance and is known to increase the risk of an aircraft mishap. Family problems, social stressors, career instability, worry, aircraft accidents, and difficult flight schedules are a few of the many potential sources of emotional stress in aviation. Pilots who fail at stress coping may become depressed or even self-destructive. They may externalize their feelings, act out, or blame others for their misfortunes. The aviator at risk may demonstrate "warning signs" such as defensiveness, arrogance, hostility, financial irresponsibility, excesses in routine habits, fatigue, deteriorating pilot performance, or increased risk taking. The aeromedical practitioner's role is to educate aircrew members and help them understand stress and its effect on pilot performance. The time may come when an aviator is confronted by multiple stressors, and inadequate stress coping or failure on the part of the aviation community to recognize the "warning signs" may have disastrous results.
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PMID:Aviators at risk. 769 49


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