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 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The health condition of female cash register operators in relation to their working conditions was investigated. A questionnaire study revealed that cash register operators more frequently complained of general fatigue, headache, sleeplessness, and low back pain than female office machine operators or other female workers. Dullness and pain in the shoulder, arm, hand, and fingers especially on the right side were characteristic of cash register operators. Physical examinations in 1973 showed that 31.3% of 371 cash register operators suffered from muscle rigidity or tenderness; 13 were severely afficted and, 69 operators had to be either laid off, reassigned to other jobs, or given shorter working hours. Occupational cervicobrachial disorders were suggested to have been caused by repetitive upper limb motions combined with static load, an unfavorable working environment, and mental stress. Implementation of some improvements including shorter operation time, worker rotation, and adoption of electronic registers proved effective in reducing the number of sufferers of cervicobrachial disorders found during the 1975 physical examinations. But the improvements were not effective enough to alleviate fatigue of the neck, shoulder, and back due presumably to sustaining upper limbs while operating the keyboard.
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PMID:Health hazard among cash register operators and the effect of improved working conditions. 102 12

The psychosomatic approach requires of the practitioner broad knowledge and skills relevant to the psychosocial, metabolic and physical responses of patients. The approach, being holistic, becomes appropriate in many different clinical situations (and should not be restricted to a few so-called psychosomatic diseases). Wise physicians and perceptive laymen have recognized the validity of an holosomatic approach for over 4000 years. Although the prevalence and incidence of psychosomatic disturbances are difficult to estimate (and probably underestimated in many surveys), data support the statement that family physicians should employ a psychosomatic approach in at least 15 per cent of cases. The general internist will probably encounter primarily psychosomatic disturbances in about 30 per cent of his patients; for example, many common presenting symptoms such as fatigue and chest pain arise in a setting of psychological stress. Apart from a sound knowledge of the genesis and manifestations of metabolic and structural changes, the physician must be familiar with the causes and symptoms of psychological disorders. Skillful interviewing and histroy-taking provide the data necessary to analyze and unravel psychosomatic interplay. Psychotherapeutic interviews often enable both the patient and the physician to understand the clinical problem: this understanding appears to aid recovery.
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PMID:The psychosomatic approach in the practice of medicine. 122 38

In the period February 1986-January 1988 a questionnaire study was carried out among 455 men aged 39-55 years working for the Netherlands Post Office to determine whether a correlation exists between job appreciation and absenteeism. Job appreciation was estimated by means of seven questions concerning: pleasure at work, fatigue after work, job satisfaction, mental stress due to the work, tension in contact with colleagues, tension in contacts with superiors and the physical exertion of working. Answers were scored on a 7-point scale. It was found that a particular score area exists that is correlated with significantly more absenteeism. The results apply to groups, not to individuals.
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PMID:[The relationship between job appreciation and absenteeism studied with the use of a simple questionnaire]. 146 70

This study tests the hypothesis that a short-term (16 weeks) exercise program modifies sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and selected behavioral responses to acute psychological stress. Twenty-four previously sedentary middle-aged men with maximal aerobic capacity (VmaxO2) values less than 40 ml.kg-1.min-1 were assigned to experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. All subjects performed a modified Stroop test (18 min) at pre- and postexercise training during which intravenous blood samples were drawn at three time intervals for plasma catecholamine (CA) determination. Motor performance was continuously recorded for assessment of premotor (PMT) and motor (MOT) components of reactions time. A set of anagrams were administered immediately following the modified Stroop to determine the level of cognitive fatigue induced. At both pre- and postexercise intervention, the total group (n = 24) manifested significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) elevations in state anxiety, heart rate, and plasma norepinephrine. No significant changes occurred over time on PMT or MOT. There were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01) lengthened anagram performance scores poststress compared to nonstress values. The experimental group exercise trained 3 days/week for 16 weeks, resulting in a 20% increase in VO2max. However, there were no group differences on the CA or behavioral responses to the modified Stroop at pre- or postintervention. These findings do not support the hypothesis that short-term aerobic training significantly alters SNS activity or behavioral measures of central processing in middle-aged men exposed to an acute psychological challenge.
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PMID:Sympathetic nervous system and behavioral responses to stress following exercise training. 164 10

The physical activity of referees (n = 4) and linesmen (n = 6) was analyzed from videotapes of four varsity hockey games to determine the frequency, average duration, and total time spent in each of six activity categories. The average duration of activity was low while frequency of occurrence was high. Low intensity activities occupied 96% of total time for referees and 94% of time for linesmen. Heart rate responses were recorded every 5 seconds and synchronized to the videotapes for all referees and 5 linesmen. Heart rates were above 70% of maximum for 70% of the total ice time, which was greater than expected for the observed physical activity. Psychological stress during the course of a varsity hockey game could contribute to the high heart rate responses. It is concluded that training to increase aerobic fitness is an important aspect of ice hockey officiating to increase resistance to fatigue and aid in stress management.
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PMID:Time-motion analysis of and heart rate responses to amateur ice hockey officiating. 166 25

Dose-dependent effects of intravenously administered lorazepam on psychophysiological activity during rest and mental stress were studied in order to examine differential responses to doses which may induce anxiolysis or sedation. In a double-blind randomized cross-over study, nine male volunteers participated in a placebo and a lorazepam session, during which the subjects repeatedly performed a 10-min version of the Stroop Color Word Test (CWT), with 10 min of rest between the CWTs. Lorazepam was administered before each rest period in increasing doses of 0.0, 0.6, 0.13, 0.25 and 0.5 mg (total cumulative dose: 0.94 mg). Heart rate showed a dose-dependent decrease during rest with an ED50 of 0.13 mg lorazepam, while lorazepam had no effect on the cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine response magnitudes to the CWT. Subjective fatigue and reaction time increased significantly after 0.94 mg lorazepam, while at the same dose vigor decreased; state anxiety after the CWT was not influenced by lorazepam. These data show differential effects of lorazepam on cardiovascular, biochemical and psychological function. While heart rate was suppressed at low doses during rest and reaction time and subjective fatigue increased at doses which induced sedation, state anxiety and physiological response patterns to the CWT were not influenced by lorazepam.
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PMID:Dose-dependent effects of intravenous lorazepam on cardiovascular activity, plasma catecholamines and psychological function during rest and mental stress. 174 15

As part of its investigation of the EXXON VALDEZ tankship accident and oil spill, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) examined the master's speech for alcohol-related effects. Recorded speech samples were obtained from marine radio communications tapes. The samples were tested for four effects associated with alcohol consumption is available scientific literature: slowed speech, speech errors, misarticulation of difficult sounds ("slurring"), and audible changes in speech quality. It was found that speech immediately before and after the accident displayed large changes of the sort associated with alcohol consumption. These changes were not readily explained by fatigue, psychological stress, drug effects, or medical problems. Speech analysis appears to be a useful technique to provide secondary evidence of alcohol impairment.
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PMID:Speech analysis as an index of alcohol intoxication--the Exxon Valdez accident. 193 83

Operators of visual display terminals (VDT) often complain of physical, as well as psychological stress. Under certain circumstances, increased psychological stress among VDT operators is seen to create serious problems in their occupations, yet few studies have dealt directly with this problem. It is not clear how this should be measured and evaluated. We report the results of experiments where psychological stress was induced during VDT tasks such as visual search and computer mouse operations. The relationship between spatio-temporal analysis of EEG activity and productivity of VDT work was investigated. The subjects were divided into three age groups: young adults (18-22 years old), middle-aged (38-42 years old) and the elderly (58 years and over). Characteristic EEG changes occurred during VDT tasks. These consisted of frontal midline theta waves with maximum amplitude at Fz. Statistically significant relationships were found between duration of working, EEG electrode location on the head, as well as correlations between work speed and variation of theta waves. It was concluded that some factors relating to the severity of a mental task and the distribution of cortical EEG potentials are closely related. When long lasting theta waves appear in the EEG, a rest period should be considered, before the subjects complain of fatigue. An effective method to optimally determine the duration of work and rest periods can be designed using the EEG.
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PMID:Topographic EEG study of visual display terminal (VDT) performance with special reference to frontal midline theta waves. 222 82

The influence of qualitatively different nutrition and additional vitaminization with varying doses of "Glutamevitum" on excretion with urine of vitamins B1, B2 PP and C, as well as the presence of microclinical symptoms of vitamin deficiency and psychophysiological parameters were studied in 120 children (6 groups, 20 subjects in each) who went to school at six years of age. The children received corrected nutrition and vitamins during 6 months of the winter-spring period. It was established that the nutrition corrected by selection of food products and additional vitaminization with optimal doses of vitamins (1/2 tablet of "Glutamevitum" added by vitamins C, P and A in a dose of 10, 30, 0.25 mg, respectively) significantly lowered fatigue as a result of psychoemotional and mental stress in children of 6 years of age studying at school, vitamin excretion with urine increased, microclinical symptoms of vitamin deficiency were appreciably lowered, the working capacity and attention as well as nervous-reflectory activity were significantly improved in the critical period of early studying.
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PMID:[The effect of improved rations and different doses of Glutamevitum on the vitamin status and work capacity of children who started school at the age of 6 years]. 229 46

A vocal message, apart from its semantic content, carries information on the psychological and physiological condition of the speaker. Physical fatigue and especially psychological stress are the pathological elements of the condition. The accepted term for the cause of these effects is the "workload." This article describes the main research carried out since the 1940's to measure the acoustic modifications of the voice brought about by a workload. It concludes by a critical analysis of the studies and a short description of the perspectives for research. Their results mainly concern astronauts and pilots involved in specific high-stress tasks and possible users of voice recognition systems. All the studies show an excellent approach to this field of research but deserve to be widened, deepened, and made more accurate to enable estimating the nature or level of reaction to a workload.
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PMID:Voice analysis to predict the psychological or physical state of a speaker. 231 83


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