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 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of 24 Dutch World War II Resistance veterans with a documented traumatic war history and a (partially) positive diagnosis of current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was studied. This special group of war victims is characterised by chronicity, suffering from intractable posttraumatic complaints for decades. They were treated with fluvoxamine (Fevarin), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with antidepressive and anxiolytic properties. The study was designed as an open-ended, outpatient pilot study, with a treatment period of 12 weeks. Results of clinical examination, and questionnaires investigating PTSD, depression, sleeping problems, anxiety, and vital exhaustion indicate that a significant number of the subjects improved with respect to their PTSD symptomatology, and their symptoms of anxiety and vital exhaustion. However, at the end of the study, quantitative improvement was modest. The results indicate that treatment with fluvoxamine may offer alleviation of chronic PTSD symptoms, in particular insomnia, nightmares, anxiety, intrusive recollections, guilt feelings and tiredness.
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PMID:Fluvoxamine treatment for chronic PTSD: a pilot study. 141 Jan 91

Battle fatigue, a temporary response to the stress of combat capable of reducing the fighting force by 10% to 50%, is an inevitable consequence of military conflict. Effective application of established preventive and management techniques by line and medical corps personnel can turn this "force reducer" into a "force multiplier," returning 80% or more of these seasoned troops to their original units within 72 hours. The proper management of battle fatigue is an essential readiness element in the medical support mission. The "Battle Fatigue Identification and Management" course prepares future military medical officers for this important contingency role.
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PMID:Battle fatigue identification and management for military medical students. 185 74

Posttraumatic stress disorder, formally known as battle fatigue, is a real entity in those offices where investigators and pathologists perform the role of death certifiers. Failure to acknowledge this problem may predispose the unsuspecting agency employees to frequent job changes, disruptive behavior, and substance abuse.
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PMID:Posttraumatic stress disorder. A real entity in death investigation. 335 30

Fifty-one percent of a sample of 105 female state hospital patients were found to have been sexually abused as children or adolescents. In the majority of cases, hospital staff were unaware that the patients had histories of sexual abuse, and only 20 percent of the abused patients believed they had been adequately treated for sexual abuse. Sixty-six percent of the abused patients met the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder, although none had received that diagnosis. Compared with patients who had not been sexually abused, abused patients were significantly more likely to have 17 of 32 symptoms commonly linked with sexual abuse. Every patient who was positive for six symptoms--compulsive sexual behavior, chemical dependency, sadomasochistic sexual fantasy, sexual identity issues, chronic fatigue, and loss of interest in sex--had been sexually abused.
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PMID:Prevalence of a history of sexual abuse among female psychiatric patients in a state hospital system. 335 38

Combat veterans (N = 25) with posttraumatic stress disorder had flashbacks related to their combat stressors, which included major losses and exposure to danger. Certain affects, loud noises, fatigue, and personal stress tended to precipitate flashback episodes. Flashbacks began a year or more after exposure to combat in 50% of patients; 56% of patients experienced daily flashbacks. Flashback phenomenology met DSM-III criteria for panic attacks. The similarity of flashbacks to panic attacks suggests treatment trials with monoamine oxidase inhibitors or imipramine for these selected symptoms.
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PMID:Combat-related flashbacks in posttraumatic stress disorder: phenomenology and similarity to panic attacks. 403 Jul 1

Battle fatigue is a soldier's response to the overwhelming environmental and psychological stressors associated with combat. Management efforts that emphasize replenishment of physiologic needs, structured occupation, and support of the affected soldier's occupational roles have yielded high return-to-duty rates. Although such effective battle-fatigue management principles, or "principles of battlefield psychiatry," are well described, they have not been explained in terms of theoretical foundation. The model of human occupation, an occupational therapy treatment model, is presented as a theoretical framework to explain the success of current battle-fatigue management principles and to guide continued refinement of the process of restoring battle-fatigued soldiers to duty.
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PMID:The management of battle-fatigued soldiers: an occupational therapy model. 877 4

Chronic neurobehavioral effects of acute sarin poisoning were evaluated in 9 male and 9 female patients who were exposed to sarin poisoning in the Tokyo subway incident in Japan. The investigators used nine neurobehavioral tests, as well as a posttraumatic stress disorder checklist, 6-8 mo after the poisoning occurred. Serum cholinesterase activity in patients on the day of poisoning (i.e., March 20, 1995) ranged from 13 to 131 IU/l (mean=72.1 IU/l). The results of analysis covariance, in which age, education level, alcohol consumption, and smoking status (covariates) were controlled in 18 sarin cases and in 18 controls, showed that the score on the digit symbol (psychomotor performance) test was significantly lower in the sarin cases than in controls. Nonetheless, the scores for the General Health Questionnaires, fatigue of Profile of Mood States, and posttraumatic stress disorder checklist were significantly higher in the sarin cases than controls. The investigators added posttraumatic stress disorder to the covariates, and only the score on the digit symbol test was significantly lower in sarin cases. In addition, the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis in 18 sarin cases revealed that scores for the General Health Questionnaires, fatigue of Profile of Mood States (i.e., fatigue, tension-anxiety, depression, and anger-hostility)-together with the paired-associate learning test-were associated significantly with posttraumatic stress disorder. The association did not remain significant for the digit symbol test score. Perhaps a chronic effect on psychomotor performance was caused directly by acute sarin poisoning; on the other hand, the effects on psychiatric symptoms (General Health Questionnaire) and fatigue (Profile of Mood States) appeared to result from posttraumatic stress disorder induced by exposure to sarin.
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PMID:Chronic neurobehavioral effects of Tokyo subway sarin poisoning in relation to posttraumatic stress disorder. 970 88

Thought Field Therapy (TFT) is a self-administered treatment developed by psychologist Roger Callahan. TFT uses energy meridian treatment points and bilateral optical-cortical stimulation while focusing on the targeted symptoms or problem being addressed. The clinical applications of TFT summarized included anxiety, adjustment disorder with anxiety and depression, anxiety due to medical condition, anger, acute stress, bereavement, chronic pain, cravings, depression, fatigue, nausea, neurodermatitis, obsessive traits, panic disorder without agoraphobia, parent-child stress, phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, relationship stress, trichotillomania, tremor, and work stress. This uncontrolled study reports on changes in self-reported Subjective Units of Distress (SUD; Wolpe, 1969) in 1,594 applications of TFT, treating 714 patients. Paired t-tests of pre- and posttreatment SUD were statistically significant in 31 categories reviewed. These within-session decreases of SUD are preliminary data that call for controlled studies to examine validity, reliability, and maintenance of effects over time. Illustrative case and heart rate variability data are presented.
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PMID:Thought Field Therapy clinical applications: utilization in an HMO in behavioral medicine and behavioral health services. 1152 9

A follow-up study of 122 survivors of an outbreak of legionnaires disease (LD) in The Netherlands was conducted to determine persistence of symptoms, health-related quality of life (HRQL), and presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Seventeen months after diagnosis of LD, survivors completed a questionnaire assessing symptoms and HRQL and a questionnaire assessing PTSD. The most prevalent new symptoms were fatigue (in 75% of patients), neurologic symptoms (in 66%), and neuromuscular symptoms (in 63%). HRQL was impaired in 7 of the 8 dimensions assessed by the HRQL questionnaire, and 15% of patients experienced PTSD. Symptoms and impaired HRQL persisted for >1.5 years. As a result of the design of this study, it could not be inferred whether Legionella pneumophila infection, severe pneumonia in general, or the outbreak situation was responsible for impaired well-being. However, awareness of this problem by health care providers may improve the aftercare of patients.
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PMID:Health-related quality of life and posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of an outbreak of Legionnaires disease. 1206 Aug 69

The relationship between sexual and physical abuse history and negative health effects has been well-documented in medical facility samples. Few studies have examined the role of abuse history and its relationship with chronic fatigue and psychiatric disorders in a diverse, randomly selected community-based sample. The present study compared rates of different types of abuse events in individuals with chronic fatigue and non-symptomatic controls. Relationships between specific types of abuse and psychiatric disorders commonly associated with chronic fatigue were also explored. A stratified random sample of 18,675 adults residing in ethnically and socioeconomically diverse neighborhoods in Chicago first completed a telephone screening questionnaire. A control group and a group of individuals with chronic fatigue symptomatology were identified and administered a semi-structured psychiatric interview assessing DSM-IV Axis I psychiatric disorders and a sexual and physical abuse history questionnaire. Controlling for sociodemographic differences, fatigue outcome was significantly predicted by childhood sexual abuse and the total number of different childhood abuse events. Within the chronic fatigue group, diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was significantly predicted by childhood sexual abuse, childhood death threat, the total number of childhood abuse events, and lifetime abuse events. Sexual abuse during adolescence or adulthood significantly predicted other anxiety disorders among individuals with chronic fatigue. These findings suggest that a history of abuse, particularly during childhood, may play a role in the development and perpetuation of a wide range of disorders involving chronic fatigue. Among individuals with chronic fatigue, PTSD and other anxiety disorders appear to demonstrate the strongest association with abuse history. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Chronic fatigue, abuse-related traumatization, and psychiatric disorders in a community-based sample. 1214 39


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