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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The professional ballet dancer presents all of the problems of any vigorous athlete. The problems include osteochondral fractures, fatigue fractures, sprains, chronic ligamentous instability of the knee, meniscal tears, impingement syndrome, degenerative arthritis of multiple joints and low back pain. Attention to minor problems with sound conservative therapy can avoid many major developments and lost hours. Observations included the extraordinary external rotation of at the hip without demonstrable alteration in the hip version angle and hypertrophy of the femur, tibia and particularly the second metatarsal (in female dancers). Careful evaluation of the range of motion of the extremities, serial roentgenographic examination, and systematic review of previous injuries, training programs and rehearsal techniques have been evaluated in a series of cases to provide the basis for advice to directors and teachers of the ballet.
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PMID:A new consideration in athletic injuries. The classical ballet dancer. 12 36

The purpose of the work described was to find the average pressure on each of several areas of the acetabular cartilage of the cadaver hip under physiological loads. By obtaining load-deflection curves for one chosen area of cartilage, firstly with all the cartilage present and then after the successive removal of other areas, the fractions of the original load carried by the several areas were found, and hence the average pressures on those areas. Seventeen hips (age range twenty-two to eighty-seven years) were examined. Local pressures varied from zero to 3.4 times the average pressure in each hip. The highest pressures in the series (about 4 to 5 megaNewtons per square metre) were on the areas of thin fibrocartilage which were identified at the zenith of certain acetabula. The results are too few to establish whether or not the pressure distribution was age-related. The higher pressures found are within the range which in other experiments has led to fatigue failure of femoral head cartilage, and it is suggested that hips in which such pressures exist under loads of three times body weight may be predisposed to osteoarthritis.
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PMID:Contact pressures in the loaded human cadaver hip. 115 42

Criterion-related validity of a new measure of functional ability was conducted according to a causal model based on conceptual models employed in the area of rehabilitative and geriatric medicine. The criteria variables included concurrent diagnosed diseases, global self-rated health, drug consumption and general practitioner (GP) consultations. The measure of functional ability was developed with the intention of achieving a high degree of discrimination among a group of community dwelling elderly. Data were derived from a sample survey of 70-year-old men and women conducted in 1984 in the county of Copenhagen (Denmark). Altogether 366 men and 368 women participated in each of the two phases of the study--a comprehensive medical examination at the county hospital at Glostrup followed by a home visit conducted by an occupational therapist 1-2 weeks later. The analysis included four different unidimensional index scales of functional ability divided into two types, with reduced speed and tiredness as subdimensions. The two scale types were mobility function and lower limb function. Early losses of ability together with global self-rated health were treated as outcome measures of diagnosed chronic diseases. At the same time these outcome measures together with diagnosed diseases were considered to predict drug consumption and GP consultations. It was shown that functional ability as measured by the new index scales were strongly influenced by diagnosed diseases: arteriostenosis and osteoarthrosis in lower extremities, obesity, shoulder impairments and bronchitis among women, and glucose intolerance, arteriostenosis in lower extremities and shoulder impairments among men. Global self-rated health was strongly associated with the new functional ability rating system. Early losses of ability but not self-rated health was a strong predictor for drug consumption and frequent contacts with GP. It is concluded that the new measure of functional ability is suitable for health studies of community dwelling elderly, in particular as a summary statement of the individual's health status.
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PMID:Functional ability of community dwelling elderly. Criterion-related validity of a new measure of functional ability. 143 11

A primary myopathy limited to the spinal muscles and of late onset was suspected in 14 patients with a mean age of 66. These patients had an anterior inflection of the trunk and were unable to rotate the lumbar spine on the pelvis. This incurvation of the trunk, starting at around age 60, was reducible in a horizontal position and increased with tiredness. The CT scan appearance of the spinal muscles of these patients was hypodense and heterogeneous, different from the atrophy found in the elderly with lumbar osteoarthrosis, comparable with the lesions described in primary myopathies. Histologically, lesions of fibro-adiposis were major, accompanied by mitochondrial abnormalities. The frequent existence of a family history would be in favour of a genetically transmitted condition.
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PMID:[Late myopathies located at the spinal muscles: a cause of acquired lumbar kyphosis in adults]. 816 33

Specimens of articular cartilage from the superficial and mid-depth zones of the human femoral head and the talus of the ankle joint were tested in tension in planes parallel to the articular surface and parallel to the predominant orientation of the superficial collagen fibrils. The tensile fracture stress of cartilage from both the superficial and mid-depth zones of the femoral head decreased considerably with age. The superficial zone decreased from 33 MPa at 7 years to 10 MPa by the age of 90 years, while the mid-depth zone decreased from 32 MPa at 7 years to 2 MPa by the age of 85 years. In contrast the fracture stress of both levels of cartilage from the talus of the ankle did not decrease significantly with increasing age. The tensile stiffness at 10 MPa of both the superficial and mid-depth zones of the femoral head decreased with age. That of the superficial zone decreased from 150 MPa at 7 years to 80 MPa at 90 years, while the mid-depth zone decreased from 60 MPa at 7 years to 10 MPa at 60 years. The stiffness of talar cartilage from the superficial zone decreased by 20%, while that of the mid-depth zone showed a slight increase in stiffness at 10 MPa with increasing age. There was no significant decrease in the tensile stiffness at 1 MPa with age for either the femoral head or talar cartilage. Based on the results of previous studies it is possible to conclude that the decrease in tensile properties seen in the femoral head results from a deterioration in the tensile properties of the network of collagen fibrils. It is suggested that progressive fatigue failure, perhaps with associated changes in the structure of cartilage due to altered chondrocyte metabolism, causes the reduction in tensile properties with age. The results offer a potential explanation for the observation that osteoarthritis commonly occurs in the hip and knee joints at an increasing incidence as age increases, while the condition only rarely occurs in the ankle joint except as a secondary event to trauma.
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PMID:Age-related changes in the tensile properties of human articular cartilage: a comparative study between the femoral head of the hip joint and the talus of the ankle joint. 195 24

Muscle function and functional performance are limited in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Although aerobic exercise can increase aerobic power and reduce fatigue, it does not appear to improve muscle function. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of a muscle rehabilitation program on muscle strength, endurance, speed, and function for patients with OA of the knees. Fifteen men (67.6 +/- 6.1 years) with OA of the knees underwent a four-month exercise program, three times per week. Muscle strength, endurance, and speed were 50% less in OA patients than in controls. After rehabilitation, there was a significant increase in strength (35%), endurance (35%), and speed (50%). Deficiencies and improvements in the muscles were greater at longer muscle lengths. Increases in muscle function were associated with decreased dependency (10%), difficulty (30%), and pain (40%). The average increase in all measured parameters was 10% and 25% after two and four months of rehabilitation, respectively. Improvements were sustained for eight months after rehabilitation. The muscle rehabilitation program was designed specifically to improve function; the improved muscle function was translated into improved functional performance.
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PMID:Muscle rehabilitation: its effect on muscular and functional performance of patients with knee osteoarthritis. 205 2

Today, in this age of technology, vibration caused by machinery is an almost universal hazard. Vibration transferred from a machine to the human body may cause discomfort, a reduction of performance, and even injury. Vibratory manual tools may cause damage to the circulatory system of the upper extremities (Raynaud's syndrome), to the peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy), and to the bones and joints (aseptic necrosis, fatigue fractures, degenerative joint disease). Vehicles and machines causing floor vibration cause degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine. The pathogenesis of vibration injuries is still not completely clear and there is no effective treatment. Some of the abnormalities are irreversible and may cause permanent decrease of working ability, and even unemployment. This is why prevention is so important. Prevention is complex, including technical and organizational measures, use of individual protective clothing and footwear, and medical supervision both before and during employment. Workers who are exposed to vibration should be protected against other aggravating factors such as cold and noise, etc. Vibration-induced injuries are recognized in law in many countries as grounds for financial compensation. Their cost to industry is rising and, unless a means of prevention or cure is found, will continue to do so in the foreseeable future.
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PMID:Vibration disease. 266 Oct 29

Spondylolysis, a fatigue fracture in the neural arch of lumbar vertebrae, is common in Eskimos and some athletes. In Archaic Indians from northwestern Alabama, 17% of males and 20% of females with complete lumbar regions showed this defect. It is found at a fairly early age in adult males in this group, but in females it does not appear until after age 40 years. Spondylolysis is associated with higher levels of osteoarthritis around the fifth lumbar vertebra, where this defect typically occurs. Otherwise, there is little relationship between its presence and degenerative joint disease, especially in the weight-bearing joints. The incidence in young males may be related to activities necessitating a high level of mobility around the lumbar spine. The late occurrence in females suggests that osteoporosis may have been a contributing factor.
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PMID:Spondylolysis and its relationship to degenerative joint disease in the prehistoric southeastern United States. 266 2

The hip with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by reduced bone resistance. Protrusion, fatigue fractures and femoral head collapse are the typical consequences. The survival rate of total hip prostheses in hips with RA seems to be higher than for hips with osteoarthritis (OA), possibly due to lower demands. When isolated loosening of the acetabular and femoral component are compared, there is a definite shift towards acetabular loosening in RA compared to OA. This is definitely due to the reduction in the mentioned bone resistance at the acetabular level. In primary joint replacement, well-cemented femoral components provide more reliable clinical results. They will remain the gold standard for long-term performance as well. On the other hand, it is very likely that non-cemented acetabular components, fixed by means of screws in the direction of the resulting force or based on a compression principle, may prove at least as effective as well-cemented acetabuli. For revision of the loose acetabular component, the use of special metal rings fixed with screws and bridging severe bony defects with a bone graft and frequently also bone cement, have proved to be of value. For loose femoral components with a thin and brittle cortical wall, special non-cemented prostheses combined with a bone graft seem to promise a more reliable long-term solution than cemented versions. The follow-up of our revision cases confirms the value of the described methods - at least at the short and medium-term follow-up. More definite conclusions can only be arrived at after long-term follow-ups which have been carried out with different systems and where the results are compared using the same documentation procedure.
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PMID:[Loosening of hip prostheses in chronic rheumatoid polyarthritis]. 281 74

Most patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the proximal interphalangeal joint should be managed nonoperatively. When operative intervention becomes necessary, therapeutic options include joint fusion or flexible implant arthroplasty. Both relieve pain; however, an implant, while preserving mobility, is subject to fatigue and ultimate failure.
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PMID:Osteoarthritis of the proximal interphalangeal joint. 365 72


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