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 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy patients presenting to the gastroenterologist with upper abdominal pain were examined by a psychiatrist to establish the presence of psychiatric disorder, illness behaviour and to record in detail their symptom pattern. The 37 patients who had no organic cause for their abdominal complaints were subdivided into those with and without psychiatric disorder. The former (21 patients) demonstrated more illness behaviour, they complained of more abdominal symptoms and their pain was both more severe and more persistent than in the patients with organic disease and those with non-organic illness who did not have psychiatric disorder. The latter group reported no symptoms of 'psychoneurosis' and should probably be regarded as a separate group if the aetiology of functional abdominal pain is to be clarified. Those with non-organic abdominal complaints who had psychiatric illness could be distinguished by the presence of three symptoms, namely depression, anxiety and fatigue. Detection and treatment of their psychiatric disorder might lead to a decrease in their symptomatic complaints and illness behaviour.
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PMID:Symptom complaints, psychiatric disorder and abnormal illness behaviour in patients with upper abdominal pain. 327 Aug 33

A survey of the psychological characteristics of a large sample of chronic headache cases (n = 360), including classical and common migraine and tension headache sufferers, was carried out. Comparing groups defined in terms of the chronicity of their headache problems, it was found that those with a longer history of headache had a higher level of behavioural disruption and a stronger bond between pain experience, and both complaint levels and behavioural avoidance patterns. Despite the common somatic components (sleep disturbance, fatigue, irritability, etc.), depression was not found to be elevated in this chronic pain group. In addition, there was no evidence of depression levels being higher in the populations who had had a longer history of headache problems. Higher levels of complaint were found in those with higher depression and higher extroversion and neuroticism scores. Behavioural avoidance was significantly related to the emotional reaction component of pain. The implications of these findings with respect to the development of chronic headache are discussed.
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PMID:The effects of persistent pain: the chronic headache sufferer. 398 40

The relationship between psychopathology and the personality trait, locus of control, was examined in 116 adult outpatients diagnosed as having chronic anxiety disorder. Measures consisted of state and trait scales, a measure of social adjustment, and a measure of disturbance during childhood. Patients with an external locus of control were more depressed, had higher levels of state anxiety, and exhibited more indecisiveness, fatigue and agoraphobia than those with an internal locus of control. Externally oriented patients also scored higher on neuroticism and trait anxiety and scored lower on social adjustment. On the somatic scales, externally oriented patients rated themselves, in contrast to physician's rating, as being more symptomatic than internal patients, suggesting the presence of a help-seeking attitude. Locus of control may be of importance in the formulation of therapy and prognosis in patients with anxiety disorders.
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PMID:Locus of control in chronic anxiety disorders. 408 58

In a brief view there are described experimental results obtained from starving animals and teratogenous influences of the deficiency disease. By reference to a model group of 60 children there are depicted the complex influences of the deficiency disease and stresses of war. Two subgroups are described clinically, explaining the various pathogenesis. Children born under conditions of war and persecution or living under such conditions during childhood--41 persons. Children who after the war were born into families of previously persecuted people--19 persons. Neurotic conditions accompanied by anxiety, headache, disturbance of memory, tendency to fits, and excitability are common to both of these groups. The differences manifest themselves in the percentage of tiredness, sleeplessness, and depression, which occur much more frequently in the first group, while bodily weakness, ailments characterized by the occurrence of fits, perinatal encephalopathies with pyramidal disorders are more often observed in the second group. Lack of adaptability, especially in the first postwar years in the first group, could be remedied in the majority of cases, although it was possible here, too, to observe symptoms of premature senility. These cases showed not only hypertension (26.8 per cent), but also roentgenologically demonstrable arteriosclerotic changes. The higher percentage and statistically significant difference in the occurrence of anxiety and depression as compared with the percentage of neuroses in the average population as well as the frequent occurrence of perinatal encephalopathies and ailments characterized by fits show the serious degree to which the consequences of war still manifest themselves in children after many years.
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PMID:[Effect of hunger on the development of the child]. 500 79

In this study involving 30 hospital patients (23 inpatients and 7 out-patients) with neurosis or depressive syndrome, bromazepam 12 mg/24 hours in 2 or 3 divided doses proved effective in controlling anxiety symptoms. The results, as measured by the Hamilton scale, were satisfactory in two-thirds of the cases, notably in neurotic anxiety. Free-floating anxiety and somatic symptoms were relieved. Undesirable reactions consisted of daytime somnolence (5 cases), feeling of dizziness (1 case) and fatigue (1 case).
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PMID:[Bromazepam against anxiety in psychiatric patients (author's transl)]. 612 40

This study examines changes in personality traits in male and female dental students and recent graduates. The Comrey Personality Scales were administered to two freshman classes, and the test was readministered two months after graduation for one class and twenty-six months after graduation for the other class. Sex. class, and test/retest scores were analyzed using a three-way analysis of variance with repeated measures for each scale. Significant test/retest differences consisted of increases on the Orderliness versus Lack of Compulsion Scale and Conformity versus Rebelliousness Scale and a decrease on the Activity versus Lack of Energy Scale. There were significant sex differences on the Activity versus Lack of Energy, Emotional Stability versus Neuroticism, and Masculinity versus Femininity Scales; a decrease on the Empathy versus Egocentrism Scale occurred among females in one of the classes. Dental students became increasingly more orderly and identified with established social values; they also became less competitive and less driven to excel. The dental school experience may partially explain these changes; however, other conditions, such as maturation and societal influences, may have been involved.
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PMID:Changes in personality among male and female dental graduates. 695 50

The Eysenck Personality Inventory and Profile of Mood States were administered to 107 men and 43 women before starting methadone maintenance and again after four months of treatment. Both men and women reported decreases in levels of neuroticism, anxiety, and fatigue after four months of treatment. The women described themselves as less depressed, whereas the men indicated that they felt more vigorous. However, the post-test levels of affect for both sexes were still comparable to those reported for outpatient psychoneurotics. The relationships of certain background characteristics and treatment experiences associated with both sexes' changes in affect were also described.
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PMID:Affective changes in male and female methadone patients. 735 69

This research examines empirically: 1) The existence and delimitation of a clinical neurasthenic neurotic syndrome as defined by van Dantzig & Waage (1962), consisting of feelings of impotence, fatigue, exhaustion and accompanying functional complaints, by means of a hierarchical cluster analysis of the rating answers to a questionnaire. 2) The relation between neurasthenic neurosis and character traits relating to different neurotic personality types and a psychopathic personality type. The results do not confirm the existence of this theoretically defined neurasthenic neurosis, but we find a cluster of somatic complaints which can easily be identified with what most authors consider as a neurasthenic syndrome. This empirically found neurasthenic syndrome has a significant positive relation with an anal-obsessive character trait "over-tidiness and over-cleanliness" and not with a neurotic-inhibited obsessoid character in general, other specific neurotic character traits, or a psychopathic character. On differentiating between patients presenting the syndrome for more or less than 6 months, it is seen that in the category of more than 6 months there is a tendency to an increase of a neurotic-inhibited obsessoid character in general, an anal-obsessive character trait "over-tidiness and over-cleanliness" and a so-called psychasthenic character relating to an intense ego-ideal and narcissistic tendencies.
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PMID:An attempt at an empirical delimitation of neurasthenic neurosis and its relation with some character traits. 746 87

Psychophysiological studies on teachers' work include generally the evaluation of occupational stressors influencing the work load and strain and the assessment of transient and long-term changes in teachers' functional state and health due to these stressors. Results from investigations of some changes in the functional state of the organism of female teachers working in secondary and technical schools of different profiles were presented in this study. The following parameters were applied: subjective feeling of fatigue, heart rate [HR], excretion rates of 11-oxycorticosteroids (11-OCS), adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) during work. According to the mean HR values during work a moderate cardio-vascular strain was obtained (HR between 80-90 beats) min. Transient HR values over 100 beats/min were registered during periods connected with specific stressful working conditions. The levels of 11-OCS and the catecholamines excretion rates also indicated a moderate job strain. More pronounced changes in 11-OCS, NA and A were found when teaching in the upper classes of the secondary and technical schools. Significant correlations were established between the changes of HR, 11-OCS, NA and A and some individual characteristics of the examined persons, such as: age, length of service, HR at rest and level of neuroticism. Our data reveal the usefulness of the indices and procedures applied for the evaluation of teachers' strain at work.
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PMID:[An evaluation of the strain in the work of teachers]. 784 93

This study examined the impact of night shift on six dimensions of mood. The efficacy of a range of personality, behavioural, and social/organizational predictors of these responses was also examined. Thirty-five female student nurses were studied during their first period of night work. ANOVAs indicated that only fatigue-inertia and vigour-activity were significantly affected by night work. Multivariate profile analyses revealed that significant changes were predominantly confined to the interval between the preceding rest day (B) and the first night (N1), although vigour-activity dropped significantly between N1 and N2 and rose significantly by N5 for one group of subjects. Multiple regression analyses revealed that morningness, neuroticism, work-non-work conflict, and sleep quality between shifts predicted fatigue-inertia. Extroversion and social support from both co-workers and family predicted vigour-activity. Extroversion and social support from co-workers appeared to predict the positive affect component of vigour-activity, rather than the vigour and energy component.
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PMID:Predicting mood change on night shift. 844 Feb 8


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