Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The article deals with data obtained from studies of operators' activity changes caused by artificial hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia of operator appeared to markedly alter the quality, psychologic and physiologic intensity, subjective appraisal of intellectual activities. Overall, hypoglycemia leads to intensified signs of fatigue during mental work. In this case hypoglycemia affects the processes of verbal and logic decision more than perceptive and identification activities. Besides that, hypoglycemia appeared to worsen the processes of operators' cooperation in decision. The studies showed that in order to support the necessary level of capacity to work the mechanisms of adaptation and mobilization of psychologic and physiologic resources become activated in hypoglycemia.
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PMID:[Characteristics of changes in intellectual activities caused by hypoglycemia in operators]. 788 55

Suspected postprandial (reactive or idiopathic) hypoglycemia is characterized by predominantly adrenergic symptoms appearing after meals rich in carbohydrates and by their rare association with low blood glucose level (< 2.77 mmol/L). We studied heart rate, blood pressure, plasma insulin, C-peptide, and catecholamine responses during a 5-h oral glucose tolerance test in eight patients with suspected postprandial hypoglycemia and eight age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls. We also evaluated beta-adrenergic sensitivity by using the isoproterenol sensitivity test. Psychological profile was assessed by the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90R) self-report symptom inventory. Patients with suspected postprandial hypoglycemia had higher beta-adrenergic sensitivity (defined as the dose of isoproterenol required to increase the resting heart rate by 25 beats/min) than controls (mean +/- SEM, 0.8 +/- 0.13 vs. 1.86 +/- 0.25 microgram isoproterenol; P = 0.002). After administration of glucose (75 g) blood glucose, plasma C-peptide, plasma epinephrine, and plasma norepinephrine responses were identical in the two groups, but plasma insulin was higher in the patients (group effect, P = 0.02; group by time interaction, P = 0.0001). Both heart rate and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher (but remained in the normal range) after glucose administration in patients with suspected postprandial hypoglycemia than in controls (group by time interactions, P = 0.004 and 0.0007, respectively). After glucose intake, seven patients had symptoms (palpitations, headache, tremor, generalized sweating, hunger, dizziness, sweating of the palms, flush, nausea, and fatigue), whereas in the control group, one subject reported flush and another palpitations, tremor, and hunger. Analysis of the SCL-90R questionnaire revealed that patients had emotional distress and significantly higher anxiety, somatization, depression, and obsessive-compulsive scores than controls. We may conclude that patients with suspected postprandial hypoglycemia have normal glucose tolerance, increased beta-adrenergic sensitivity, and emotional distress.
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PMID:Suspected postprandial hypoglycemia is associated with beta-adrenergic hypersensitivity and emotional distress. 796 39

Propranolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, although prescribed frequently, has not been monitored for its adverse reactions in Indian population. A collaborative ADR monitoring study was planned in 2661 hypertensive patients. Exclusion criteria were associated circulatory insufficiency, heart block, left ventricular failure, diabetic mellitus and airway obstruction. The incidence of ADR was 2.1%, which is lower than reported incidence of 8.7 to 43.7 percent in other studies. This could be attributed to improper selection of patients, differences in methodology of monitoring, or to racial variation. In the present study ADR of fatigue (1.1%), dizziness (0.4%) and headache (0.2%) constituted the bulk. Additional reaction of pain in chest (0.2%), heart block (0.1%), hypoglycemia (0.1%), loss of libido (0.1%) and shock (0.03%), were also observed.
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PMID:Adverse reactions to propranolol, a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent in hypertensive patients--a collaborative study. 844 49

The present research was an attempt to determine the pharmacological actions as for anti-fatigue, anti-obesity and hypoglycemia of small peptide isolated from soybean in mice. Small peptide administration prevented the decrease in sporting movement induced by concussion stress for 3 h in mice. In addition, it should be noted that the recovery rate of fatigue in 60 min after small peptide administration was over one hundred percentage in comparison with that after pretreatment, while the equivalent dose administration of amino acid mixture with the same small peptide amino acid composition did not prevent the decrease in sporting movement. In gold-thioglucose (500 mg/kg (i.p.))-induced obese mouse body weight gain, liver weight and body lipid level around uterine were significantly reduced by the chronic oral administration of small peptide (200, 1000 mg/kg). Administration in 1000 mg per kg of small peptide significantly lowered hyperglycemia in 30 and 120 min after glucose (3 g/kg (p.o.)) administration, whereas the equivalent amino acid mixture showed no effect. In conclusion, it suggested that small peptide isolated from soybean might have some pharmacological effects of anti-fatigue, anti-obesity, and hypoglycemia.
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PMID:[Pharmacological studies on small peptide fraction derived from soybean. The effects of small peptide fraction derived from soybean on fatigue, obesity and glycemia in mice]. 849 98

Three cases are reported of hypoglycemia manifested by profound sinus bradycardia and fatigue, which responded to i.v. dextrose with prompt normalization of the cardiac rhythm. The cases involved 3 different patients and disease processes: a young female who had anorexia nervosa and profound malnutrition; an elderly, nondiabetic male who subsequently experienced a transient ischemic attack: and a patient who had diabetes mellitus managed with chronic, subcutaneous insulin administration. It is vitally important that the emergency physician recognize unusual clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia and fully evaluate such scenarios when hypoglycemia may occur. Untreated, hypoglycemia may result in significant chronic morbidity, and rarely, in death. Bradyarrhythmias--particularly sinus bradycardia--should be added to the list of potential clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia.
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PMID:Hypoglycemia manifested by sinus bradycardia: a report of three cases. 881 87

Fibromyalgia (FM) falls into the spectrum of what might be termed 'stress-associated syndromes' by virtue of frequent onset after acute or chronic stressors and apparent exacerbation of symptoms during periods of physical or emotional stress. Patients with FM exhibit disturbances of the major stress-response systems, the HPA axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Integrated basal cortisol levels measured by 24-hour urine-free cortisol are low. FM patients display a unique pattern of HPA axis perturbation characterized by exaggerated ACTH response to exogenous CRH or to endogenous activators of CRH such as insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. The cortisol response to increased ACTH in these stress paradigms is blunted, as is the the cortisol response to exercise. Functional analysis suggests that FM patients may also exhibit disturbed autonomic system activity. For example, plasma NPY, a peptide co-localized with norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system, is low in patients with FM. Abnormalities of related neuronal systems, particularly decreased serotonergic activity, may contribute to the observed neuroendocrine perturbations in FM. Finally, other neuroendocrine systems, including the growth hormone axis, are also abnormal in FM patients. Many clinical features of FM and related disorders, such as widespread pain and fatigue, could be related to the observed neuroendocrine perturbations. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that many useful treatments for FM affect the function of these central nervous system centres. Further clarification of the role of neuroendocrine abnormalities in patients with FM, and the relationship of these disturbances with particular symptoms, may lead to improved therapeutic strategies.
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PMID:Neurohormonal perturbations in fibromyalgia. 891 54

A female case of isolated ACTH deficiency associated with neuromuscular symptoms was reported. Although her initial development was delayed with perinatal troubles, developmental catch up was seen. The patient complained of general fatigue with weakness and poor school performance at the age of eleven. Muscle weakness predominant to the proximal portion and mental dullness were suspected from neurological examination. Her laboratory data were as follows; mild elevation of CK in serum, subclinical thyroidal dysfunction, abnormal electrocardiogram, slow wave activity on electroencephalogram, delayed nerve conduction velocity, and localized hypoperfusion of cerebral blood flow on single photon emission computed tomogram. Histological examination of muscle biopsy demonstrated only mild fiber size variation. During two years' follow-up, her intelligence quotient fell down, while muscle weakness did not progress significantly. At the age of fourteen, a low level of plasma ACTH was pointed out by chance and a definitive diagnosis was obtained by endocrinological examinations; no response of ACTH and cortisol on insulin stimulation, delayed response of cortisol on continuous ACTH stimulation, and no response of plasma ACTH on corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation. Other signs of adrenocortical insufficiency, such as hypoglycemia and abnormal serum electrolytes, were not observed during the clinical course. This case suggested that isolated ACTH deficiency should be considered for differential diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders.
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PMID:[A case of isolated ACTH deficiency with neuromuscular symptoms]. 898

Hypoglycaemia is the most common complication affecting people with Type 1 insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Its onset is characterized by symptoms which include sweating, tremor, palpitations, loss of concentration and tiredness. As part of a research project to investigate the mechanisms of hypoglycaemia we have developed an ambulatory system to monitor and record pulsatile changes in blood flow, pulse interval, body temperature and skin impedance. The system uses a pocket computer (Atari Portfolio) to collect and store the data on a memory card. The analogue system consists of two thermocouples, an infrared photoplethysmograph and skin impedance monitoring circuit. To conserve power the system is programmed to make measurements for 2 min every 10 min: using this regimen over 16 h of data can be stored. Data collected during a spontaneous overnight hypoglycaemic episode are presented and also a comparison between continuous and intermittent data collection during a period of induced hypoglycaemia. The system is being used to investigate the physiological responses to hypoglycaemia but could easily be adapted for monitoring other physiological signals.
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PMID:A portable system for monitoring physiological responses to hypoglycaemia. 902 91

Hypoglycaemia provokes unpleasant symptoms and sensations in patients with insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM). There is much interest in, and information on, the cognitive effects of acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. However, the effects of hypoglycaemia on brain function extend to important, non-cognitive aspects of psychological functioning, which are reviewed here. Acute hypoglycaemia induces changes in mood which result in a transient state of 'tense tiredness', a decrease in happiness, an increase in tense arousal, and decreased energetic arousal. Appraisals of life problems are affected adversely. Frequent exposure to hypoglycaemia is associated with heightened fear of hypoglycaemia, which can be quantitated in individuals. Personality may also influence behavioural responses to hypoglycaemia and the ability of an individual to cope with diabetes. The adverse effects of hypoglycaemia on mood, behaviour, personality, social function and management of diabetes in individual patients may be profound and need to be identified and addressed appropriately.
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PMID:Hypoglycaemia and non-cognitive aspects of psychological function in insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM). 904 87

While the presence of palatable (20 mmol l-1) concentrations of NaCl in drinks containing carbohydrate consumed during intense exercise would not be expected to promote absorption or significantly help maintain fluid balance, there is no doubt that athletes should ingest some from of carbohydrate (other than fructose) during moderate-intensity exercise lasting > 90 min. As only approximately 20 g of ingested carbohydrate is oxidized in the first hour of exercise, athletes should probably consume 100 ml every 10 min of a dilute (3-5 g 100 ml-1) carbohydrate solution and thereafter increase the carbohydrate concentration to approximately 10 g 100 ml-1 to match the peak (approximately 1 g min-1) rates of plasma glucose oxidation. Drinking more than those amounts of carbohydrate may increase muscle glycogen oxidation by attenuating the fall in plasma insulin concentration and thereby delaying fat mobilization, especially at relatively low (55% of peak oxygen consumption) intensity exercise. As carbohydrate ingestion does not slow the rate of glycogen utilization in working muscle, it is also advisable for endurance athletes to start exercise with an adequate supply of muscle glycogen, irrespective of whether or not they ingest carbohydrate during exercise. While carbohydrate ingestion 'spares' conversion of liver glycogen to plasma glucose and prevents hypoglycemia, it does not delay the fatigue associated with a low (approximately 20 mmol kg-1) glycogen content in working muscle. Conversely, increases in glycogen content of working muscle at the start of exercise have no effect on the rates of plasma glucose oxidation. Higher initial rates of glycogen utilization by active muscles in 'carbohydrate-loaded' subjects decrease the indirect oxidation (via lactate) of non-working muscle glycogen, rather than the conversion of liver glycogen to plasma glucose. Hence, athletes should ingest carbohydrate during endurance exercise even if they have 'carbohydrate-loaded' before exercise.
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PMID:Nutritional strategies to minimize fatigue during prolonged exercise: fluid, electrolyte and energy replacement. 923 56


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