Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty patients suffering from vertigo of different genesis received thiethylperazine 6.5 mg or meclizine 25 mg, 2 capsules a day for 5 days, according to double-blind, cross-over methodology in randomized order. It appeared that the effect on the symptoms vertigo, gait disturbance and nausea does not differ significantly for the two preparations. On the other hand, an almost significant effect on vertigo, and, to a smaller degree, on gait disturbances, was obtained during the second period of treatment, independent of administered preparation. Side-effects in the form of fatigue and headache occur to the same extent after both preparations. Meclizine should be an alternative to thiethylperazine in the treatment of vertigo, especially in patients who might risk chronic dyskinesia in long-term treatment.
 ...
PMID:Comparative investigation between thiethylperazine and meclizine in vertigo of different genesis. 36 Jul 66

Abnormalities of oesophago-gastro-intestinal motoricity play an important etiologic role in various affections of stomach, intestine, oesophagus and associated complaints. The new monosubstance bromopride produces a selective action restoring the basal motility of stomach, pylorus, duodenum and of the lower oesophageal sphincter to normal. The effect and tolerance of Viaben (bromopride) were examined in an open field study on 4182 subjects. The drug was given in average doses of one capsule three times a day. The results were assessed as very good in 37.9% of cases, and as good in 47.9%. No change was seen in 12.2%, while only 2.0% were aggravated. 64.7% of all patients benefited within the first fortnight. Nausea, vomiting and intolerance to drugs even disappeared in the first days of treatment. Individuals exhibiting a nervous, irritative stomach also had a rapid response to the drug. Pain, which is a fairly common complaint, passed off quickly. Side effects were seen in 6.8% of cases. However, the question whether they were due to the treatment, is not easily answered in an open study. The most common side effect was tiredness (3.7%), which was reported to be mild in some cases. The dyskinesia observed in subjects treated with other ortho-substituted benzamides was only seen in 0.4% of all patients.
 ...
PMID:[Management of gastrointestinal diseases using a motility-regulating preparation. Results of a field study using bromopride (Viaben) conducted by 530 general practitioners on 4182 patients]. 42 53

The cholinergic agonists pilocarpine, physostigmine, oxotremorine, and arecoline were administered IP at various doses to rats. Oral activity was assessed in these animals with a computerized video analysis system that determined the number and form of jaw openings and closings (computer scored movelets "CSMs"). The different cholinergic drugs produced distinctive changes in the number of CSMs at various amplitudes and in the frequency distribution of CSMs as determined by fast fourier analysis. Rats treated for 28 weeks with haloperidol showed a previously described, late onset oral dyskinesia characterized by increases in small amplitude CSMs, decreases in CSM slope, increased energy at the 1-3 Hz range and decreased energy at the 5-7 Hz range. Administration of pilocarpine (1.0 mg/kg) reversed all of these effects, while the anticholinergic drug, scopolamine (0.05 mg/kg), had no effect. These results indicate that different cholinomimetics can uniquely alter oral activity in rats and that symptoms of late onset, neuroleptic-induced oral dyskinesia are modified by a cholinergic agonist.
 ...
PMID:Cholinergic modulation of oral activity in drug-naive and chronic haloperidol-treated rats. 192 11

Of most antihistamines more or less pronounced sedative effects are known. In recently developed substances this effect is said to be less or absent. After some days of application the sedative effect may decrease, but it can be enhanced by simultaneous intake of psychotropic drugs, sedatives or alcohol. There are important interindividual differences. The Drug Commission of the German Medical Profession (AKdA) received reports concerning tiredness, somnolence (even with new antihistamines), CNS-stimulation, nervousness, insomnia and paroniria have also been observed. Furthermore cases of dyskinesia have been reported, which are already described in the literature after long term intake, as well as anticholinergic reactions. Despite of their use as antiallergic drugs, reports on hypersensitivity reactions due to antihistamines, up to anaphylactic reaction have been not infrequently received by the AKdA. In rare cases disturbances of blood cell formation have been reported besides observations of gastrointestinal disorders, increase of appetite and weight. Abuse of antihistamine containing drugs was reported mainly for combinations with psychotropic agents.
 ...
PMID:[Adverse effects of antihistaminics]. 290 91

Motor disorders affecting the orofacial musculature include bruxism, chronic orofacial muscle pain affecting the jaw and neck muscles and the involuntary waking period disorders such as orofacial dyskinesia, oral mandibular dystonia, tremor and others. Research at UCLA has touched these and many other areas. Current results have indicated the usefulness of contingent afferent electrical stimulation of the lip to control bruxism; provided information regarding the fatigue, endurance and recovery faculties of the protrusive jaw muscles; explored the issue of chronic muscle hyperactivity inducing headache pain; and worked with botulin toxin as a method to treat orofacial dystonia and dyskinesia.
 ...
PMID:Oral motor disorders in humans. 768 5

The clinical, pathophysiological and genetic features of some of the paroxysmal movement disorders are reviewed. Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis/dyskinesias (PKC/PKD) is a condition in which brief and frequent dyskinetic attacks are provoked by sudden movement. PKC is more common in men and can be idiopathic (commonly familial) or due to a variety of causes. The pathophysiology of PKC is uncertain but it could be an ion-channel disorder. Antiepileptic drugs particularly carbamazepine are very helpful in a large proportion of cases. Paroxysmal exercise induced dystonia (PED) is a rare disorder manifesting as episodes of dystonia mostly affecting the feet induced by continuous exercise like walking or running. Although the initial cases were familial, there is a higher proportion of sporadic cases. The pathophysiology of PED is unknown and antiepileptic drugs are generally unhelpful. In paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis/non-kinesigenic dyskinesias (PDC/PNKD) the attacks are of long duration and induced by variety of factors including coffee, tea, alcohol and fatigue but not by sudden movement. PDC can be idiopathic (familial or sporadic) or symptomatic due to a variety of causes. The gene for familial PDC has been linked in 2 families to chromosome 2 q close to a cluster of ion channel genes again suggesting that this disorder may also be a channelopathy. Other paroxysmal disorders include paroxysmal nocturnal dyskinesia, a form of frontal lobe epilepsy in some cases which may be familial with autosomal dominant inheritance (ADNFLE). The gene for ADNFLE in one family has been found to be a mutation in the neuronal acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA4) on chromosome 20q. Tonic spasms in multiple sclerosis and Sandiffers syndrome producing intermittent torticollis in infants and children are other paroxysmal movement disorders.
 ...
PMID:The paroxysmal dyskinesias. 1032 9

Long thoracic nerve palsy can result from sudden or repetitive external biomechanical forces. This investigation describes a possible dynamic cause from internal forces. Six fresh cadaveric shoulders (3 female, 3 male, 4 left, 2 right) with full range of motion were systematically dissected to evaluate the anatomic course of the long thoracic nerve. In all specimens a tight fascial band of tissue arose from the inferior aspect of the brachial plexus, extended just superior to the middle scalene muscle insertion on the first rib, and presented a digitation that extended to the proximal aspect of the serratus anterior muscle. With progressive manual abduction and external rotation, the long thoracic nerve was found to "bow-string" across the fascial band. Medial and upward migration of the superior most aspect of the scapula was found to further compress the long thoracic nerve. Previous investigations have reported that nerves tolerate a 10% increase in their resting length before a stretch-induced neuropraxia develops. Previous studies postulated that long thoracic nerve palsy resulted from the tethering effect of the scalenus medius muscle as it actively or passively compressed the nerve; however, similar neuromuscular relationships occur in many other anatomic sites without ill effect. We propose that the cause of long thoracic nerve palsy may be this "bow-stringing" phenomenon of the nerve across this tight fascial band. This condition may be further exacerbated with medial and upward migration of the superior aspect of the scapula as is commonly seen with scapulothoracic dyskinesia and fatigue of the scapular stabilizers. Rehabilitation for long thoracic nerve palsy may therefore benefit from special attention to scapulothoracic muscle stabilization.
 ...
PMID:Cause of long thoracic nerve palsy: a possible dynamic fascial sling cause. 1071 60

The clinical, pathophysiological and genetic features of some of the familial (idiopathic) paroxysmal movement disorders are reviewed. The paroxysmal dyskinesias share features and therefore may have the same pathophysiological mechanisms as other episodic neurological disorders which are known to be channelopathies. Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis/dyskinesias (PKC/PKD) is a condition in which brief and frequent dyskinetic attacks are provoked by sudden movement. Antiepileptics particularly carbamazepine are very helpful for this condition. PKC has similarities to episodic ataxia type 1 which is caused by mutations of the KCNA1 gene. PKC and a related disorder in which infantile convulsions are associated (ICCA syndrome) have recently been linked to the pericentromic region of chromososme 16 in the vicinity of some ion channel genes. Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia (PED) is a rare disorder manifesting as episodes of dystonia mostly affecting the feet induced by continuous exercise like walking or running. The pathophysiology of PED is unknown and antiepileptic drugs are generally unhelpful. In paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis/nonkinesigenic dyskinesias (PDC/PNKD) the attacks are of long duration and induced by a variety of factors including coffee, tea, alcohol and fatigue but not by sudden movement. The gene for familial PDC has been linked to chromosome 2q close to a cluster of ion channel genes. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyskinesia is now known to be a form of frontal lobe epilepsy in some cases which may be familial with an autosomal dominant inheritance and has been given the eponym ADNFLE. ADNFLE is a genetically heterogenous condition. Mutations of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene that have chromosome 20q have been reported in some families with ADNFLE. However, another family with ADNFLE has been linked to chromosome 15 in the area of another nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene. Thus the familial paroxysmal dyskinesias appear to be clinically and genetically heterogeneous.
 ...
PMID:Familial (idiopathic) paroxysmal dyskinesias: an update. 1134 27

Mutations in ion channels, or channelopathies, often lead to neurological disorders in which normal behavior is interrupted by attacks of debilitating symptoms such as pain, weakness or abnormal motor control. Attacks are often precipitated by similar stimuli, including stress, caffeine, ethanol, exercise or fatigue. The tottering mouse inherits a mutation in P/Q-type calcium channels and reliably exhibits attacks of abnormal movements, or dyskinesia. To determine if this mouse mutant is an appropriate model to study episodic neurological disorders, tottering mice were exposed to different environmental conditions or drugs known to precipitate attacks in humans. Stress, caffeine and ethanol all reliably induced attacks in tottering mice. Since calcium influx has previously been implicated in stress-induced tottering mouse attacks, the L-type calcium channel antagonist, nimodipine, and the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK 801, were tested for their ability to prevent attacks caused by caffeine or ethanol administration. Nimodipine blocked both caffeine- and ethanol-induced attacks, while MK 801 was effective against stress- and caffeine-induced attacks. These results support a common role for excess neuronal excitability and increased calcium influx in attacks triggered by diverse agents. Together, these results suggest that the tottering mouse is a novel model to investigate triggers of episodic neurological disorders.
 ...
PMID:Triggers of paroxysmal dyskinesia in the calcium channel mouse mutant tottering. 1215 Oct 38

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common and complex condition, defined as long lasting, widespread musculoskeletal pain, in the presence of tender points (TPs) at specific anatomical sites. Dysautonomic and functional symptoms, such as orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, effort intolerance, marked fatigue, sleep disorders, cognitive disturbances, psychological distress, paresthesias, headache, genitourinary manifestations, irritable bowel syndrome and bladder dyskinesia, frequently occur. The etiopathogenesis of FM is presently unknown, but nociceptor, autonomic and neuro-endocrine system dysfunctions have been found in patients. Since specific serological or instrumental markers of the syndrome are not yet identifiable, TP search is the only useful diagnostic hallmark. The development of an effective therapy of FM has hitherto been hampered by the incomplete knowledge of its pathogenic mechanisms. In this paper, the most recent information on FM is reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Fibromyalgia: state of the art. 1504 25


1 2 3 4 Next >>