Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study investigated the effects of heat exposure, exercise-induced dehydration and fluid ingestion on cognitive performance. Seven healthy men, unacclimatized to heat, were kept euhydrated or were dehydrated by controlled passive exposure to heat (H, two sessions) or by treadmill exercise (E, two sessions) up to a weight loss of 2.8%. On completion of a 1-h recovery period, the subjects drank a solution containing 50 g l(-1) glucose and 1.34 g l(-1) NaCl in a volume of water corresponding to 100% of his body weight loss induced by dehydration. (H1 and E1) or levels of fluid deficit were maintained (H0, E0). In the E0, H0 and control conditions, the subject drank a solution containing the same quantity of glucose diluted in 100 ml of water. Psychological tests were administered 30 min after the dehydration phase and 2 h after fluid ingestion. Both dehydration conditions impaired cognitive abilities (i.e. perceptive discrimination, short-term memory), as well as subjective estimates of fatigue, without any relevant differences between the methods. By 3.5 h after fluid deficit, dehydration (H0 and E0) no longer had any adverse effect, although the subjects felt increasingly tired. Thus, there was no beneficial effect of fluid ingestion (H1 and E1) on the cognitive variables. However, long-term memory retrieval was impaired in both control and dehydration situations, whereas there was no decrement in performance in the fluid ingestion condition (H1, E1).
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PMID:Effects of fluid ingestion on cognitive function after heat stress or exercise-induced dehydration. 1181 91

The diet of many athletes is inadequate due to overly restrictive habits and an obsession with losing weight in order to maintain a particular level of body weight. Many female athletes, particularly those who participate in sports that emphasize leanness (gymnastics, distance running, diving, figure skating and classical ballet), have suboptimal energy and nutrient intakes and are at risk of compromised nutritional status, including fatigue, dehydration, nutrient inadequacies, delayed growth and an impaired immunocompetence. It is very well known that active women and girls who are driven to excel in sports may develop the so-called female athlete triad in which malnutrition, amenorrhoea and osteoporosis appear as typical signs of medical complications, frequently linked to serious psychological alterations. This outcome is mainly related to that found in eating disorders-syndromes in which athletes have been defined to be at increased risk. As a consequence of all these alterations, the immune system may be affected in athletes, and subsequently they might be more prone to infections. As there is a lack of knowledge about how the immune system may be affected in basal conditions of athletes, the study of immunocompetence as an index of the nutritional status is reviewed. In summary, it is necessary to encourage all professionals surrounding athletes to be aware of the importance of taking care of their nutritional status in order not only to avoid physical and psychological complications but also to improve performance and, thus, to achieve sporting goals.
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PMID:The implication of the binomial nutrition-immunity on sportswomen's health. 1214 60

The "child-to-child" activity pages are intended to assist teachers, health agents, and other community agents in their work and to help children understand how they themselves can improve the health of other children and their community. The objective of this activity page is to teach children to recognize the signs and dangers of dehydration and to treat it with oral rehydration fluid. Simple activities are suggested to illustrate the signs of dehydration. A drawing or list of signs of dehydration for children should include fatigue, sunken eyes, thirst and dry tongue and mouth, failure of the skin to return to normal when pinched, and infrequent or no urination. Signs of danger requiring immediate medical attention include diarrhea of more than 3 days, intense vomiting preventing drinking, puffed up face and feet, convulsions, and too deep sleep. The children should be shown how to make the oral rehydration fluid and instructed to make just enough for 1 day. The solution should be given in small quantities at least every 15 minutes. 200 ml should be given after each liquid stool and at least 1 liter every 24 hours for a child. Infants should continue to breastfeed and older children should be given semiliquid foods. An already dehydrated or vomiting child should be given small amounts of solution night and day every 3-5 minutes until normal urination is resumed.
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PMID:[The child for the sake of the child: to care for diarrhea]. 1234 47

A 78-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of nausea, general fatigue and anorexia in November, 1999. Clinical findings on admission were weight loss and dehydration but surface lymph nodes were not palpable. Masses in the bilateral adrenal glands were detected by ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Laboratory examinations revealed hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Subsequent endocrine function tests showed normal serum cortisol and increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. Rapid ACTH test and cortico-hormone releasing hormone (CRH) test revealed insufficient secretion of cortisol. The histological diagnosis of the adrenal gland by laparotomy was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We diagnosed primary adrenal lymphoma with adrenal insufficiency. The patient underwent hormone supplementary therapy and chemotherapy, but he died two months later. We report on this rare primary adrenal lymphoma case and summarize the reports of this disease in the Japanese literature.
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PMID:[Primary adrenal lymphoma: a case report and literature review in Japan]. 1241 91

The health and psychological effects of combat ration pack (CRP) feeding during 12 days of military training in a tropical environment were investigated. Three groups of air defence guards (ADGs) received either: freshly prepared foods (fresh group, 15 mega joule (MJ), 3,600 kcal, N=13), full CRP (15 MJ, 3,600 kcal, N=10), or one-half CRP (7.5 MJ, 1,800 kcal, N=10). Underconsumption by the full CRP group resulted in CRP groups experiencing similar weight loss, protein catabolism, and immune suppression (both cell-mediated and humoral), whereas the fresh group maintained their weight and protein balance and cell-mediated immune status. CRP groups reported greater fatigue than the fresh group. All ADGs experienced poor sleep quality and declining folate and iron status. ADGs drank insufficient water to prevent dehydration. In the medium term, ADGs were able to adapt to restricted food consumption and poor sleep quality with no decrement in physical fitness or cognition.
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PMID:The physiological and psychological effects of combat ration feeding during a 12-day training exercise in the tropics. 1254 49

Postural instability can be the result of various factors, including fatigue. Although it is well known that exercise-induced fatigue may be responsible for a decrease in performance, its effects on postural control, as well as those of hydration, have been relatively little explored. This study evaluated the effects of fatigue, with and without rehydration, on postural control in 10 healthy subjects who regularly practice sports activities. All subjects were submitted to three types of ergocycle exercises: maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) and submaximal exercises in no-hydrated and hydrated conditions at a power corresponding to approximately 60% of the Vo2max of each subject. Static posturographic tests were performed immediately before (control) and after exercises. The postural control performance decreased from the best to the worst: control, hydration, dehydration, and Vo2max. Fast Fourier transformation of the center of foot pressure showed three patterns of amplitude spectral density, with an increase of spectral amplitude for dehydration, more important for Vo2max conditions. Spectral amplitudes for control and hydration conditions were relatively similar. This hierarchy suggests that fatigue mainly alters muscular effectors and sensory inputs, such as proprioception, resulting in poor postural regulation. Moreover, fluid ingestion could be responsible for the preservation of muscular functions and of sensory afferences accurately regulating postural control.
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PMID:Effects of exercise-induced fatigue with and without hydration on static postural control in adult human subjects. 1258 22

Background. Docetaxel and irinotecan have additive or synergistic activity in vitro and in vivo as well as differing toxicities and unique mechanisms of action. We conducted a phase I trial to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of docetaxel and irinotecan given on a weekly schedule. Methods. Eligible patients had advanced, incurable, solid tumors. Docetaxel was administered as a 1-hour infusion and escalated over four dose levels (25, 30, 35, and 40 mg/m(2)) followed by irinotecan administered over 30 minutes at a fixed dose of 50 mg/m(2). Treatment was administered weekly for four weeks followed by two weeks of rest. To improve tolerability, the schedule was modified to weekly administration for two weeks with one week of rest, and irinotecan was escalated over 3 dose levels (55, 60, and 65 mg/m(2)) with docetaxel fixed at 35 mg/m(2). Results. Forty-four patients were treated and the most common dose-limiting toxicity was diarrhea observed in 11% of patients. Severe neutropenia was rare (grade 4: 2%, grade 3: 23%). Other nonhematologic toxicities included nausea/vomiting, dehydration and fatigue. Partial responses occurred in two patients with pancreatic cancer, and one patient each with non-small cell lung and esophageal cancer. Conclusions. Weekly docetaxel and irinotecan is a promising non-cisplatin doublet with preliminary evidence of activity in advanced solid tumors. Diarrhea is the predominant dose-limiting toxicity but unlike the every 3 weeks schedule myelosuppression is modest. The recommended phase II doses are docetaxel 35 mg/m(2) and irinotecan 60 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day schedule. Phase II trials of this regimen are ongoing or planned in lung, head and neck, stomach, esophageal, and pancreatic cancers.
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PMID:Phase I dose escalation trial of weekly docetaxel plus irinotecan in patients with advanced cancer. 1264 88

Caffeine is the most commonly consumed drug in the world, and athletes frequently use it as an ergogenic aid. It improves performance and endurance during prolonged, exhaustive exercise. To a lesser degree it also enhances short-term, high-intensity athletic performance. Caffeine improves concentration, reduces fatigue, and enhances alertness. Habitual intake does not diminish caffeine's ergogenic properties. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the physiologic effects of caffeine, but adenosine receptor antagonism most likely accounts for the primary mode of action. It is relatively safe and has no known negative performance effects, nor does it cause significant dehydration or electrolyte imbalance during exercise. Routine caffeine consumption may cause tolerance or dependence, and abrupt discontinuation produces irritability, mood shifts, headache, drowsiness, or fatigue. Major sport governing bodies ban excessive use of caffeine, but current monitoring techniques are inadequate, and ethical dilemmas persist regarding caffeine intake by athletes.
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PMID:Caffeine and exercise. 1283 77

Loss of weight, dehydration, pregnancy, fatigue, and otitis media are among the factors proposed as causes of a patulous eustachian tube, but true details remain obscure. We studied patients who developed a patulous eustachian tube following otitis media and discuss the relationship between these 2 conditions. Subjects were 12 patients diagnosed with otitis media at our department who later developed a patulous eustachian tube. The initial middle ear disease progressed from acute otitis media to otitis media with effusion in 2, acute otitis media in or acute mastoiditis in 1 each, and otitis media with effusion in the remaining 8 patients. Seven patients evidenced a low body mass index (BMI), weight loss, and underlying disease, but 5 with a patulous eustachian tube following otitis media did not. We retrospectively analyzed 119 patients diagnosed with a patulous eustachian tube in our department for whether they had been diagnosed by an ENT physician as having otitis media, i.e., acute otitis media or otitis media with effusion. Some 42 (35.3%) had a history of otitis media. At acute otitis media or otitis media with effusion, the tympanic cavity becomes inflamed, accompanied by inflammation of the eustachian tube mucosa and a stenotic tendency. Healing from otitis media is accompanied by decreased eustachian tube mucosa inflammation. We surmise that, depending on how inflammation disappears, fibrosis of the eustachian tube mucosa occurs, leading to a pathologically patulous eustachian tube. Many aspects of the causation of this condition remain unclear, but we surmised that in patients with earlier otitis media, a pathological patulous eustachian tube develops during resolution of inflammation. Our findings indicate the involvement of otitis media as a causative factors in a patulous eustacian tube.
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PMID:[Patulous eustachian tube following otitis media]. 1463 69

We report the case of a 63-year-old man who presented with weakness, fatigue, dehydration, confusion, abdominal pain, congestive heart failure and hypercalcemia. He expired and autopsy revealed an exulcerating carcinoma of the esophagus, invading the esophageal wall and metastasizing to the lungs, skin and lymph nodes. Histology demonstrated an epithelial tumor consisting of two components with transition between the two. One component was a keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, whereas the other component consisted of pleomorphic small cells. The hypercalcemia was assumed to be due to parathyroid hormone related protein (PHRP), which was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry only in the pleomorphic small cells and not in the squamous cells. PHRP induced humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is most often associated with squamous cell carcinomas. The finding that in our case, the pleomorphic small cell component was PHRP immunopositive and the squamous cell component showed no immunoreactivity, is intriguing and remains unexplained.
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PMID:Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy due to bipartite squamous cell/small cell carcinoma of the esophagus immunoreactive for parathyroid hormone related protein. 1464


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