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 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The profound psychological impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic on gay men needs to receive greater attention from mental health professionals. The specific treatment approach depends upon the individual's location on the AIDS-related conditions continuum. For men already diagnosed with AIDS, psychological themes include fears of death and dying, guilt, concerns about exposure of a homosexual life-style, fear of contagion, loss of self-esteem, decreased social support and increased dependency needs, stigmatization, loss of occupational and financial security, confusion over medical treatment options, and severe depression. The integration of a mental health service into AIDS special care hospital wards and participation in support groups are particularly useful for men with AIDS. Anxiety is the major clinical symptom among those who have not developed full-blown AIDS, but show signs of immune suppression. Issues for men in this "gray zone" include isolation, poor social and occupational functioning due to fatigue, shame, and frustration of achievement needs. Stress- reduction techniques are especially important with this population, to eliminate further compromise to the immune system or even to strengthen it. Many asymptomatic gay men ("the worried well") are manifesting acute psychological symptoms such as panic, generalized anxiety, obsessional thinking about AIDS, and somatization. Training in the negotiation of safe-sex agreements can reduce some of this anxiety. In general, the AIDS epidemic has introduced an existential component to psychotherapy with gay men, with a concern over issues such as the meaning of life and death.
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PMID:The psychological impact of AIDS on gay men. 650 91

In a prospective study of lead neurotoxicity, exposed foundry workers and referents were evaluated using a comprehensive set of neurobehavioral tests. Other performance indexes were used including a questionnaire, physical examination, and nerve conduction testing. Results show increased rates of depression, confusion, anger, fatigue and tension among workers with blood levels over 40 mcg/dl. Other aspects of neurobehavioral function, including verbal concept formation, memory, and visual/motor performance were also impaired. In view of the large number of individuals exposed to lead in their work, specific inquiries should be made of individuals with affectual complaints to clarify the nature of their work and workplace exposure to lead.
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PMID:The role of occupational lead exposure in the genesis of psychiatric and behavioral disturbances. 657 82

This study illustrated the relationship between swimming, an aerobic activity, and mood. One hundred college students, voluntarily enrolled in beginning or intermediate swimming classes or in lecture-control classes, completed the POMS before and after class. Results of a 5-way ANOVA confirmed that, as predicted, swimmers reported significantly less tension, depression, anger, confusion, and more vigor after exercising than before. Both novice and intermediate swimmers changed significantly more than did controls on all scales except fatigue, while none of the controls' pre-, post-instruction mood changes were significant. The results have implications, similar to those with running, for use in psychotherapy. Despite different social connotations of exercise for women and men, there were no gender differences in the amount of mood change associated with swimming. However, in direct contradiction of existing literature, the women reported significantly less tension-anxiety, depression, anger, and confusion than the men.
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PMID:Mood alteration with swimming--swimmers really do "feel better". 663 5

Data on self-reported symptoms of ill-health were collected from 1500 respondents, and factor analysed. The results of this analysis suggested a two factor orthogonal model of well-being: one factor reflecting fatigue, emotional fragility and confusion (worn-out) and the other tension, anxiety and agitation (up-tight). The reliability and validity of the model were tested and appeared acceptable, and scales were constructed for the assessment of the two factors. It is suggested that the model and the associated scales could offer new information in studies of occupational stress and health.
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PMID:The nature and assessment of general well-being. 666 61

The premenstrual symptom complex many women experience in a moderate to severe form can be divided into four subgroups. Because there is more than one syndrome and nervous tension is one of the most common symptoms, the term premenstrual tension syndromes (PMTS) is used. The most common subgroup, PMT-A, consists of premenstrual anxiety, irritability and nervous tension, sometimes expressed in behavior patterns detrimental to self, family and society. Elevated blood estrogen and low progesterone have been observed in this subgroup. Administration of vitamin B6 at doses of 200-800 mg/day reduces blood estrogen, increases progesterone and results in improved symptoms under double-blind conditions. Women in this subgroup consume an excessive amount of dairy products and refined sugar, and progesterone may be of value in them. The second-most-common subgroup, PMT-H, is associated with symptoms of water and salt retention, abdominal bloating, mastalgia and weight gain. The severe form of PMT-H is associated with elevated serum aldosterone. Vitamin B6 at high dosage suppresses aldosterone and results in diuresis and clinical improvement. Vitamin E helps the breast symptoms. Methylxanthines and nicotine should be curtailed and sodium limited to 3 gm/day. PMT-C is characterized by premenstrual craving for sweets, increased appetite and indulgence in eating refined sugar followed by palpitation, fatigue, fainting spells, headache and sometimes the shakes. PMT-C patients have increased carbohydrate tolerance and low red-cell magnesium. Adequate magnesium replacement results in improved glucose tolerance tests and decreased PMT-C symptoms. Deficiency of the prostaglandin PGE1 may also be involved in PMT-C. PMT-D is the least common but most dangerous because suicide is most frequent in this subgroup. The symptoms are depression, withdrawal, insomnia, forgetfulness and confusion. In ten PMT-D patients the mean blood estrogen was lower and the mean blood progesterone higher than normal during the midluteal phase. Elevated adrenal androgens are observed in some hirsute PMT-D patients. Two PMT-D patients with normal blood progesterone and estrogens had high lead levels in hair tissue and chronic lead intoxication. This subgroups needs careful medical attention when the symptoms are severe. Therapy should be individualized according to the results of the evaluation.
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PMID:Nutritional factors in the etiology of the premenstrual tension syndromes. 668 67

A group of ten normal human volunteers participated in choice experiments comparing d-amphetamine or diazepam with placebo and with each other. Although amphetamine was preferred to placebo by most subjects, 2 mg diazepam and placebo were chosen equally. However, placebo was chosen over higher doses (5 and 10 mg) of diazepam and 5 mg d-amphetamine was preferred to 2 mg diazepam. Subjective effects were assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) before drug was taken and 1, 3, and 6 h later. Compared to placebo, amphetamine produced changes in mood on the POMS including increases in Vigor and Arousal. Doses of 5 and 10 mg diazepam produced decreases in Vigor and Arousal and increases in Fatigue and Confusion. The effects of diazepam were most pronounced 1 h after ingestion and appeared dose-dependent. For one subject who consistently chose diazepam, its subjective effects were similar to placebo and he stated that he could not distinguish them. These results are discussed in terms of the abuse liability of diazepam.
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PMID:Drug preference and mood in humans: diazepam. 677 34

A menstrual symptom questionnaire was used to assess the incidence of premenstrual tension (PMT) in 1,395 regularly menstruating women not on hormonal contraceptives or any other hormonal therapy during routine visits to a gynecologic clinic. Nineteen symptoms were divided into four PMT subgroups: PMT-A (anxiety, irritability, mood swings, nervous tension), PMT-H (weight gain, swelling of extremities, breast tenderness, abdominal bloating), PMT-C (headache, craving for sweets, increased appetite, heart pounding, fatigue and dizziness or fainting) and PMT-D (depression, forgetfulness, crying, confusion, insomnia). The ages of the patients ranged from 13 to 54 years, with a mean +/- S.D. of 32 +/- 8.5 years. Using strict criteria for PMT, 702 patients scored positive for at least one subgroup of PMT, giving an incidence of 50%. When the patients were divided into five-year age groups, a peak incidence of 60% was observed in the third decade of life. The most common PMT subgroups were PMT-A and PMT-H, occurring either alone or in combination. The least common subgroup was PMT-D, occurring in only 12 patients and by itself. The mean cycle length in pure PMT-D patients was significantly shorter (p less than 0.05) than in patients without PMT.
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PMID:The incidence of premenstrual tension in a gynecologic clinic. 689 20

A Phase I trial of acivicin [L-(alpha S,5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid] has been performed on an escalating-dosage 24-hr continuous i.v. infusion schedule. Thirty-one patients received 77 courses of treatment, and all but one were evaluable for toxicity. Pharmacological monitoring in selected patients demonstrated that peak plasma levels correlated with dose. Postinfusion t1/2 beta was 6 to 9 hr, and urinary recovery of the administered dose was 14 to 19% as unchanged drug during the 24-hr infusion. Hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities were variable and not dose related. In contrast, neurotoxicity characterized by lethargy, fatigue, confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, nightmares, and truncal ataxia was dose limiting and related to plasma drug levels. A minimal antitumor response was observed in a patient with colorectal carcinoma, and a partial response occurred in a patient with liver metastases from gastric carcinoma. The recommended dose for Phase II trial by 24-hr infusion is 160 mg/sq m.
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PMID:Phase I and pharmacological study of acivicin by 24-hour continuous infusion. 710 49

The Profile of Mood States was administered to 197 male heroin addicts seeking inpatient detoxification. A principal factor analysis of the men's self-ratings revealed four major dimensions-Fatigue-inertia, Confused-depression, Anger-hostility, and Friendliness; these dimensions were similar to factors reported for male psychiatric patients, but only the dimensions of Fatigue-inertia, Confused-depression, and Anger-hostility matched comparable factors reported for male heroin addicts seeking methadone maintenance. Fatigue-inertia was the major dimension underlying the inpatient admissions' affect, whereas Anger-hostility was the major dimension underlying the methadone admissions' affect.
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PMID:Affect dimensions of male heroin addicts admitted for inpatient detoxification. 727 84

Loneliness is a painful effect probably universally experienced but which has been long neglected in the psychological literature. This study is an extension of the work begun by Rosalee Bradley in developing a self-report instrument for measuring loneliness. It tests the hypothesis that subjects who score higher differ significantly from those scoring low on the loneliness scale on mood: anxiety, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion, and differ significantly in self-concept as well. Results using data of 208 subjects on the Profile of Mood States, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, and Bradley Loneliness Scale support this hypothesis and also support the construct validity of the Bradley Loneliness Scale.
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PMID:Loneliness, affect, and self-concept: construct validity of the Bradley Loneliness Scale. 736 75


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