Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare primary liver tumour. A 42-year-old man presented at our hospital on 19 February 1986, with pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and general fatigue, and reported an 8 year history of this complaint. Ultrasonography showed four cystic masses in the liver with a maximum diameter of 15 cm, one of which contained a solid component. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed a huge, predominantly cystic, mass in the liver with a small solid component and irregular wall. Calcifications were seen in the solid components. On 22 April 1986, a laparotomy was performed but the masses were too large to be removed. During 15 years of follow-up after the laparotomy, there had been no change seen in his abdominal CT scan. He subsequently arrived at our hospital again on 10 July 2001 with loss of appetite and of body weight. A CT scan showed a cyst in the liver of 25 cm in diameter with calcification that had a large solid part invading the liver. A post-mortem pathological dissection showed multiple cysts, the largest of which was 25 cm in diameter. They had large solid parts with calcification invading the liver. There were widespread metastatic lesions. Microscopic examination showed the tumour to be a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a squamous cell carcinoma arising from 15 multiple non-parasitic hepatic cysts after a 15 year follow-up. Furthermore, 23 years had passed since the patient's symptoms appeared for the first time.
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PMID:Squamous cell carcinoma of the liver originating from non-parasitic cysts after a 15 year follow-up. 1537 31

Originally characterized as a growth factor for erythrocytes, erythropoietin (EPO) is used to treat anemia and fatigue in cancer patients receiving radiation therapy and chemotherapy. EPO and the EPO receptor (EPOR) are expressed in nonhematopoietic cells and cancers. However, the role of EPO and EPOR within nonhematopoietic cancer cells remains incompletely understood. Although a recent clinical trial demonstrated worse tumor control and survival in head and neck cancer patients treated with EPO, the role of EPO and EPOR in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been examined. In the present study, we demonstrate the previously unrecognized EPO-mediated invasion by HNSCC cells through the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Furthermore, we confirmed the expression of EPO and EPOR in a panel of human HNSCC cell lines and tissue specimens. Pharmacological doses of EPO also had a limited proliferation effect in these cell lines. These results define a novel role for EPO in mediating tumor cell invasion. Increased levels of EPO and EPOR in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors from HNSCC patients further support the role of EPO/EPOR in HNSCC disease progression and metastasis.
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PMID:Erythropoietin-mediated activation of JAK-STAT signaling contributes to cellular invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. 1585 28

Capecitabine and docetaxel have single-agent activity in upper gastrointestinal tumours, and have together demonstrated preclinical synergy and a survival benefit in breast cancer, and high response rates in first-line metastatic gastric cancer. This trial assessed the efficacy, safety and feasibility of capecitabine in combination with docetaxel in patients with metastatic oesophageal cancer. In all, 24 patients with advanced disease (17 squamous cell carcinoma and seven adenocarcinoma) received oral capecitabine (1000 mg m(-2) twice daily on days 1-14) plus intravenous docetaxel (75 mg m(-2) on day 1) every 3 weeks as first- (n = 16) or second-line (n = 8) therapy. Patients received a median of four cycles of treatment (range, 0-6). The median follow-up is 16.5 months (range, 7.9-21.4 months). Intent-to-treat efficacy analysis showed an overall response rate of 46%. Of the 11 responders (one complete and 10 partial), nine of 16 (56%) received first-line and two of eight (25%) received second-line therapy. The median time to progression was 6.1 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.5-7.7 months). The median survival was 15.8 months (95% CI, 7.8-23.9 months). Severe adverse events (grade 3/4) reported were: neutropenia (42%, including febrile neutropenia 8%), hand-foot syndrome (29%), diarrhoea (13%), sensory neuropathy (13%), anaemia (8%) and fatigue (8%). Capecitabine plus docetaxel has a manageable adverse event profile and very promising activity in metastatic oesophageal cancer, at least comparable to other doublet regimens. Therefore, the combination merits further investigation in this setting.
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PMID:Capecitabine plus docetaxel every 3 weeks in first- and second-line metastatic oesophageal cancer: final results of a phase II trial. 1594 31

Plummer-Vinson or Paterson-Kelly syndrome presents as a classical triad of dysphagia, iron-deficiency anemia and esophageal webs. Exact data about epidemiology of the syndrome are not available; the syndrome is extremely rare. Most of the patients are white middle-aged women, in the fourth to seventh decade of life but the syndrome has also been described in children and adolescents. The dysphagia is usually painless and intermittent or progressive over years, limited to solids and sometimes associated with weight loss. Symptoms resulting from anemia (weakness, pallor, fatigue, tachycardia) may dominate the clinical picture. Additional features are glossitis, angular cheilitis and koilonychia. Enlargement of the spleen and thyroid may also be observed. One of the most important clinical aspects of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is the association with upper alimentary tract cancers. Etiopathogenesis of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown. The most important possible etiological factor is iron deficiency. Other possible factors include malnutrition, genetic predisposition or autoimmune processes. Plummer-Vinson syndrome can be treated effectively with iron supplementation and mechanical dilation. In case of significant obstruction of the esophageal lumen by esophageal web and persistent dysphagia despite iron supplementation, rupture and dilation of the web are necessary. Since Plummer-Vinson syndrome is associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx and the esophagus, the patients should be followed closely.
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PMID:Plummer-Vinson syndrome. 1697 5

To document the first reported synchronous occurrence of Hodgkin lymphoma and adenosquamous carcinoma involving the female genital tract. Review of cytologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical studies obtained from a 50-year-old, multiparous, postmenopausal, Hispanic female who had a left inguinal mass, bilateral lower extremity pain and numbness, fatigue, anorexia, a 20- to 30-pound weight loss, and a malodorous vaginal discharge at presentation is presented. Cervical squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed by routine cytologic and histologic analysis. Hodgkin lymphoma subsequently was diagnosed in the inguinal lymph nodes by fine-needle aspiration biopsy and excisional biopsy before the patient underwent hysterectomy. In addition to invasive and in situ adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix, the hysterectomy specimen also contained previously unsuspected Hodgkin lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of adenosquamous carcinoma and Hodgkin lymphoma synchronously involving the female reproductive tract.
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PMID:Unique collision of hodgkin lymphoma and adenosquamous carcinoma in the uterine cervix: synchronous malignant neoplasms of the cervix. 1705 Oct 90

A 54-year-old man with general fatigue and lumbago was admitted for further examination of hypercalcemia and leukocytosis. CT showed a huge renal tumor and extension of the tumor thrombus to the inferior vena cava (IVC). Moreover, the serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and the C-terminal of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) were elevated. Under the diagnosis of advanced renal tumor, we performed nephro-ureterectomy and throbectomy. Pathological examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. To our knowledge, this is the first case in Japan that of the simultaneous production of G-CSF and PTHrP in squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis accompanied with IVC thrombus.
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PMID:[Production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and parathyroid hormone-related protein in squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis accompanied with inferior vena cava thrombus]. 1715 30

Esophageal carcinoma is an extremely deadly disease, and prognosis is poor. We retrospectively evaluated stage III esophageal carcinoma patients in our center. Median age of the patients was 52. Men to women ratio were 3/1. Epidermoid carcinoma was the major histology. Incidence of esophageal carcinoma was higher in the distal and middle third of the esophagus. In 19 patients tumor size was more than 5 cm. In total of 17 of the patients were operated. About 58 patients were irradiated. About 45 of the patients were irradiated with curative intent, 31 of them were primarily irradiated and 14 of them were irradiated postoperatively. Only 13 of the patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Overall 1, 2, 3, and 4 year survival rates were 38.9%, 11.1%, 5.6%, and %1.9, respectively and median survival was 12 months. Median survival for tumors located in cervical esophageal, middle esophagus, and distal esophagus were 23, 8, and 14 months, respectively. One, 2, 3, 4 year survival rates of operated patients were 58.8%, 29.4%, 17.6%, 5.9%, respectively and median survival was 23 months. For inoperable patients 1 and 2 year survival rates were 29.7% and 2.7% and median survival was 8 months. Differences between operable and inoperable patients were statistically significant (P: 0.0003). One, 2, 3, 4 years survival results of patients treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy was 62.5%, 25%, 12.5%, 12.5% and median survival was 21 months, 1, 2, 3, 4 years survival results of patients treated with surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy was 55.6%, 33.3%, 22.2%, and 0% and median survival was 27 months. There was no statistically significant difference between groups (P: 0.5390). During the therapy, disphagia was the major side effect observed in seven patients. Fatigue, pain, and mild weight loss were the other side effects. Three patients could not tolerate the treatment and left the therapy. We demonstrated that stage III esophageal carcinoma is an extremely deadly disease, and in spite of major advances in cancer treatment, prognosis is still poor.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with stage III esophageal carcinoma: a single-center experience from Turkey. 1818 17

Ixabepilone is a tubulin-polymerizing agent with potential activity in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Patients were eligible who had incurable, measurable SCCHN and less than two prior regimens for metastatic/recurrent disease. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of less than or equal to one and adequate renal/hepatic/hematological function were required. Patients were randomly assigned to receive ixabepilone 6 mg/m(2)/day x 5 days every 21 days (arm A) or 20 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle (arm B). Each arm accrued taxane-naive and -exposed strata in a two-stage design. The primary end point was response. Eighty-five eligible patients entered; there was one response in a taxane-exposed patient among 32 patients on arm A. Five of 35 taxane-naive patients on arm B had partial responses (14%). No taxane-exposed patient on arm B responded. Common grades 3 and 4 toxic effects were fatigue, neutropenia, and sensory/motor neuropathy. Median survival for arm A taxane-naive and taxane-exposed patients is 5.6 and 6.5 months; for arm B, taxane-naive and taxane-exposed patients is 7.8 and 6.5 months. Weekly ixabepilone 20 mg/m(2) is active in taxane-naive patients with SCCHN. A high incidence of motor and sensory grade 3 neuropathy resulted at this dose and schedule. Further development of ixabepilone in previously treated head and neck cancer is not warranted on the basis of these data.
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PMID:A randomized phase II study of ixabepilone (BMS-247550) given daily x 5 days every 3 weeks or weekly in patients with metastatic or recurrent squamous cell cancer of the head and neck: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. 1829 23

In the majority of patients with oesophageal carcinoma, curative treatment proves to be impossible when diagnosis was established; therefore, most of the patients are candidates for palliative chemotherapy. The aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid (AIO regimen) plus irinotecan in patients with locally advanced or metastatic carcinoma of the oesophagus. The methods used a prospective phase II trial, start: November 2002; patients: n=25; chemotherapy: irinotecan (80 mg/m2) as a 1-h infusion and 5-fluorouracil (2000 mg/m2) with sodium folinic acid (500 mg/m2) as a 24-h infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 and 36, repeated on day 57. Last date of evaluation: 28 February 2007; n=24; adenocarcinoma: n=13, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): n=11; UICC III/IV: 3/21; grading G1/G2/G3/G4: 0/8/12/4; median age: 58 years (range 44-75); men/women: 19/5; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group index 0/1/2: 3/17/4; applications: 460. Higher-grade toxicity: grade 3 diarrhoea: n=2, grade 4 diarrhoea: n=1, grade 4 vomiting: n=1, grade 4 nausea: n=1, grade 3 fatigue: n=1, grade 3 hyponatraemia: n=2, grade 4 elevation of creatinine: n=1, thrombosis of the vena subclavia: n=1, ischaemic lesion of the brain stem: n=1. Three patients died after two chemotherapeutic applications because of high tumour burden. Evaluable for response: n=19. Partial response: n=8 (33%), stable disease: n=9 (38%), progressive disease: n=2 (8%), not evaluable: n=5 (21%). Time-to-progression: 6.6 months (range 1.6-24.6). Total median survival: 13.6 months (median survival of adenocarcinoma: 20.3 months, median survival of SCC: 10.0 months). Secondary resection (R0): n=3. In oesophageal carcinomas, the AIO regimen plus irinotecan is excellently manageable as an outpatient treatment and shows efficacy in adenocarcinomas and SCCs of the oesophagus.
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PMID:Weekly high-dose 5-fluorouracil as a 24-h infusion and sodium folinic acid (AIO regimen) plus irinotecan in patients with locally advanced nonresectable and metastatic adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus: a phase II trial. 1912 17

Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone are widely used as comedication in the treatment of head and neck cancer, e.g., to improve appetite and decrease weight loss and fatigue in patients with advanced disease or as antiallergic and antiemetic prophylaxis during anti-EGFR therapy. However, the literature suggests that dexamethasone induces resistance to antineoplastic agents in many solid tumor models in vitro and in vivo. Since this phenomenon has never been investigated in head and neck cancer, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dexamethasone on the antiproliferative activity of cetuximab in vitro in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) cell lines. The antiproliferative effect of the anti-EGFR agent cetuximab alone and in combination with increasing concentrations of dexamethasone was examined in eight SCCHN cell lines at three different time-points (24, 48 and 72 h). Cell growth inhibition and viability were measured quantitatively using WST and LDH assays. Absolute tumor cell numbers were determined by cell counting in a Rosenthal chamber. Cetuximab alone inhibited the growth of all eight SCCHN cell lines significantly (p=0.008). In some cases the addition of dexamethasone reduced the antiproliferative activity of cetuximab (p<or=0.038) but remained significant in all of the eight SCCHN cell lines compared with untreated controls (p<or=0.028) at each drug concentration and each time-point. In contrast to the results reported for other tumor models, in our study dexamethasone showed in the majority of the evaluated dexamethasone drug concentrations and time-points no inhibition of the cytotoxic activity of cetuximab. The reasons for these discrepant findings are unclear but may be related to the degree of tumor cell differentiation or proliferation rate. Thus, further studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between dexamethasone and cetuximab in different tumors.
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PMID:Does dexamethasone inhibit anticancer activity of cetuximab in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines of the head and neck? 1951 20


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