Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

3 cases of cyclical convergent strabismus (48 hour rhythm) were investigated. In contrast to intermittant strabismus, cyclical strabismus is not fatigue dependant. An alteration in the rhythm of the cyclical esotropia was produced by wearing prisms, red glasses or occlusion for several days. This observation indicates that centrally inaugurated rhythm processes can be altered by peripheral sensory influcences. In the case of our third patient, who was not operated upon, there was a cyclical strabismus which persisted from the age of 4 to 19 years, before changing to a constant convergent strabismus. The other two patients, following strabismus surgery, had a small angle esophoria with good fusion and stereopsis.
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PMID:[Alternate day squint (author's transl)]. 122 20

Composite sheets obtained reinforcing PHEMA with a tricot PET net have been implanted in rabbits to test their potential applications for cross-eye surgical correction. The mechanical characterization of the composites has been carried out both in static tension and fatigue. The clinical evaluation was performed on twelve adult New Zealand white Rabbits implanting the sheets on the rectus dorsalis muscle of the eye. The material seems to be highly compatible with the surrounding tissue, mechanical satisfying and clinically helpful in correcting many of the pathological conditions connected with strabismus. The long term behaviour of the implanted prosthesis in still under investigation.
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PMID:[Biological and surgical aspects of the use of polymers in experimental surgery. 1: implants on the oculo-extrinsic musculature]. 622 97

A new method for the detection and recording of the oculocardiac reflex (OCR) is described and applied to 49 healthy infants and children (six months to nine years old) undergoing strabismus surgery under halothane anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation. Eighty-one extraocular muscles were studied. Square wave stimuli (abrupt and sustained tractions) were definitely more reflexogenic than slow slope stimuli (very gradual, progressive and gentle tractions). Vagal escape, as well as fatigue of the OCR, are graphically documented and analysed. In this series, using well-defined and controlled tractions, the medial rectus was not more reflexogenic than the other extraocular muscles. Hypercapnia was an important adjuvant factor of the OCR. Controlled ventilation is recommended. The routine use of intravenous anticholinergic drugs is briefly discussed. Prevention of the OCR, and prophylaxis of cardiac arrhythmias during strabismus surgery, now seem to be placed on a more rational basis.
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PMID:The oculocardiac reflex: a graphic and statistical analysis in infants and children. 687 77

With the help of this chart, the image incongruity of simultaneous perception, fusion and stereoscopic vision can be precisely determined. It can objectively evaluate the binocular visual function and possesses important significance for the diagnosis and treatment of anisometropia, amblyopia, strabismus and visual fatigue.
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PMID:[Study and application of "binocular aniseikonia test chart"]. 780 36

Paroxysmal tonic upgaze of childhood is a rare, distinctive, childhood syndrome that may be associated with ataxia and sometimes strabismus or amblyopia. Neurological examination as well as metabolic studies, electroencephalogram and neuroradiological investigations are normal in these patients. Although it has been considered as an age-related, dopa-sensitive dystonia, the exact pathogenetic mechanism is still unknown. Aggravation of attacks by fatigue, intercurrent infection or vaccination, and possible corticomesencephalic dysmaturation may underlie this abnormality. We report on a sporadic case of paroxysmal tonic upgaze with ataxia in which there was prompt aggravation of symptoms with sleep without response to levodopa treatment. This case suggests a different underlying pathogenetic mechanism from dopaminergic pathways for this syndrome.
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PMID:A case of paroxysmal tonic upgaze of childhood with ataxia. 1046 69

We report a family in which the mother and her three sons suffered sick sinus syndrome and strabismus. Two members had a persistent left superior vena cava with drainage into coronary sinus. The illness in all members of this family was oligosymptomatic, and well tolerated with mild symptoms like dizziness, fatigue and exercise dyspnea associated with nodal rhythm. Three of them, had episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. All patients remain asymptomatic after pacemaker implantation.
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PMID:[Familial sick sinus syndrome associated to strabismus and persistent left superior vena cava]. 1097 40

Studies of external eye muscle morphology and physiology are reviewed, with respect to both motor and sensory functions in concomitant strabismus. The eye muscles have a more complex fibre composition than other striated muscle, and they are among the fastest and most fatigue-resistant muscles in the body. However, it is not generally believed that concomitant strabismus is due to a primary abnormality of the eye muscles or the ocular motor system. The gross anatomy of eye muscles, including the shape and position of the eye muscle pulleys, was not changed in strabismus. The histology of the eye muscle fibres was also basically the same, but changes have been observed in the cellular and biochemical machinery of the fibres, most notably in the singly innervated orbital fibres. Functionally, this was seen as slower contractions and reduced fatigue resistance of eye muscles in animals with strabismus and defects of binocular vision. Most likely the changes represented an adaptation to modified visual demands on the ocular motor control, because of the defects of binocular vision in strabismus from an early age. Adaptation of eye muscle function to visual demands could be seen also in the adult human ocular motor system, but here the effects could be reversed with treatment in some conditions. External eye muscles in the human have sensory organs, muscle spindles and tendon organs, responding to changes in muscle force and length. It is not known how these proprioceptors are used more specifically in ocular motor control, and there is no stretch reflex in the external eye muscles. However, a clear influence on space localization and eye position can be demonstrated with vibratory stimulation of the eye muscles, presumably activating muscle spindles. Different effects were observed in normal subjects and in adult patients with strabismus, which would indicate that the proprioceptive input from one eye of strabismic patients could be suppressed by the other eye, similar to visual suppression in concomitant strabismus. Such an interaction would most likely occur in the visual cortex, and not in the ocular motor system. Further studies of proprioceptive mechanisms, during the postnatal developmental stage and in adult concomitant strabismus may shed light on the mechanisms of childhood strabismus and may, in this respect, be a more fruitful avenue for further research than eye motor studies.
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PMID:Strabismus and eye muscle function. 1794 25

We report on two sibs with an elongated face with reduced expression, microcephaly, strabismus, wide philtrum, mild joint laxity, thumb sign, bilateral foot drop, and fixed pes cavus, absent tendinous reflexes, an unsteady gait, quick fatigue, slightly diminished limb muscle strength more pronounced distally, abnormalities of cranial nerves III, IV, VII, and most probably VI, and slowness in ideation. Previously unknown findings referred to as the "fork sign" at the pontine level and the "bracket sign" at the mesencephalic level were documented by magnetic resonance imaging. Differential diagnoses and the possibility of a hitherto unreported syndrome are discussed.
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PMID:Multiple cranial nerve neuropathies, microcephaly, neurological degeneration, and "fork and bracket sign" in the MRI: a distinct syndrome. 2065 56

Purpose. To assess the effect of a sustained-release preparation of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) on EOM force generation and muscle size. Methods. Sustained-release pellets, releasing 500 nanograms/day of BMP-4 for a maximum of 3 months, were implanted beneath the superior rectus muscle (SR) belly in anesthetized adult rabbits. The contralateral side received a placebo pellet as a control. After 1, 3, and 6 months, SRs were removed, and force generation at twitch and tetanic frequencies as well as fatigue resistance were determined in vitro. Myofiber size, myosin heavy chain isoform expression, and satellite cell density were assessed histologically. Results. SR force generation was significantly decreased by BMP-4 compared with the contralateral controls. Force generation was decreased by 25-30% by 1 month, 31-50% by 3 months, and at 6 months, after 3 BMP-4-free months, force was still decreased by 20-31%. No change in fatigue was seen. Significant decreases in muscle size were seen, greatest at 3 months. At all time points Pax7- and MyoD-positive satellite cell densities were significantly decreased. Conclusions. The decreased force generation and muscle size caused by sustained release of BMP-4 suggests that myogenic signaling factors may provide a more biological method of decreasing muscle strength in vivo than exogenously administered toxins. Treating antagonist-agonist pairs of EOM with titratable, naturally occurring myogenic signaling and growth factors may provide safe, efficacious, nonsurgical treatment options for patients with strabismus.
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PMID:Sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-4 in adult rabbit extraocular muscle results in decreased force and muscle size: potential for strabismus treatment. 2135 89

Early recognition and diagnosis of Wernicke encephalopathy is pivotal for the prognosis of this medical emergency, especially in patients with liver failure which predisposes individuals to develop hepatic encephalopathy. For these patients, distinguishing between hepatic encephalopathy and Wernicke encephalopathy is a challenge in real-world clinical practice.A male patient with 21-year medical history of liver cirrhosis presented diarrhea and ascites. One month before this visit, he was noted to have poor appetite and progressive fatigue. After admission, although several major symptoms, including diarrhea, ascites, hyponatremia, and hypoproteinemia, were greatly improved through appropriate treatments, his laboratory indicators were not changed much. His appetite was not reversed at discharge. On the 5th day after discharge, the patient suddenly became reluctant to speak and did not remember the recent happenings. Simultaneously, unsteady gait and strabismus occurred. On the basis of clinical manifestations and brain magnetic resonance imaging scan results, the patient was diagnosed as Wernicke encephalopathy and these relative symptoms were resolved after intravenous vitamin B1.To our knowledge, this is the second case report of Wernicke encephalopathy developing in a critically ill cirrhotic patient without hepatocellular carcinoma or operative intervention. Wernicke encephalopathy may be underdiagnosed in these patients and this case raises physicians' awareness of its possible onset.
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PMID:Wernicke encephalopathy in a patient with liver failure: Clinical case report. 2739 58


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