Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0015672 (fatigue)
 51,768 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most of the sounds of human speech are produced by vibration of the vocal folds, yet the biomechanics and control of these vibrations are poorly understood. In this study the muscle within the vocal fold, the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA), was examined for the presence and distribution of slow tonic muscle fibers (STF), a rare muscle fiber type with unique contraction properties. Nine human TAs were frozen and serially sectioned in the frontal plane. The presence and distribution pattern of STF in each TA were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy using the monoclonal antibodies (mAb) ALD-19 and ALD-58 which react with the slow tonic myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform. In addition, TA muscle samples from adjacent frozen sections were also examined for slow tonic MyHC isoform by electrophoretic immunoblotting. STF were detected in all nine TAs and the presence of slow tonic MyHC isoform was confirmed in the immunoblots. The STF were distributed predominantly in the medial aspect of the TA, a distinct muscle compartment called the vocalis which is the vibrating part of the vocal fold. STF do not contract with a twitch like most muscle fibers, instead, their contractions are prolonged, stable, precisely controlled, and fatigue resistant. The human voice is characterized by a stable sound with a wide frequency spectrum that can be precisely modulated and the STF may contribute to this ability. At present, the evidence suggests that STF are not presented in the vocal folds of other mammals (including other primates), therefore STF may be a unique human specialization for speech.
Anat Rec 1999 10 01
PMID:Slow tonic muscle fibers in the thyroarytenoid muscles of human vocal folds; a possible specialization for speech. 1048 12

Pigs from three farms were deprived of food for up to one hour, 12 hours or 18 hours before being sent for slaughter. In lairage, the animals' behaviour was monitored, and at slaughter a blood sample was collected and analysed for cortisol, lactate and creatine phosphokinase, potential indicators of stress and physical activity. The carcases were assessed for skin damage as an index of fighting, and rigor in the hind leg as an indicator of stress and/or fatigue. Measurements were also made of cold carcase weight, backfat thickness and liver glycogen concentration. General activity was very high on entry to the lairage pen. Drinking and mounting occurred almost immediately. Fighting developed after an exploratory period, and could last up to 60 minutes. There were large differences in the behaviour of pigs from the three farms. Pigs from farm A fought frequently but showed little mounting activity, whereas pigs from farm C were involved in mounting but little fighting. The period of food deprivation had no effect on average skin damage or rigor score, but the frequency of carcases with the highest scores was different The pigs deprived of food for up to an hour had the lowest incidence of severe skin damage and high rigor scores. Boars had a higher incidence of severe skin damage but a lower incidence of carcases with a high rigor score than gilts. Liver glycogen was almost completely depleted in the pigs deprived of food for 12 and 18 hours and was lower in the pigs deprived for up to an hour than in animals fed immediately before slaughter. The period of food deprivation had no effect on the levels of cortisol, creatine phosphokinase or lactate in the blood.
Vet Rec 1999 Nov 27
PMID:Relationship between food deprivation before transport and aggression in pigs held in lairage before slaughter. 1061 8

We examined whether fatigue during exertional heat stress occurred at a critical internal temperature independent of the initial temperature at the start of exercise. Microwaves (2.1 GHz; 100 mW/cm(2)) were used to rapidly (3-8 min) heat rats before treadmill exercise to exhaustion. In a repeated-measures design, food-restricted male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 11) were preheated to three levels (low, medium, and high). In addition, two sham exposures, Sham 1 and Sham 2, were administered at the beginning and end of the study, respectively. At the initiation of exercise, hypothalamic (T(hyp)) and rectal (T(rec)) temperatures ranged from 39.0 degrees C to 42.8 degrees C (T(hyp)) and 42.1 degrees C (T(rec)). The treadmill speed was 17 m/min (8 degrees grade), and the ambient temperature during exercise was 35 degrees C. Each treatment was separated by 3 wk. Run time to exhaustion was significantly reduced after preheating. There was a significant negative correlation between run time and initial T(hyp) and T(rec) (r = 0.73 and 0.74, respectively). The temperatures at exhaustion were not significantly different across treatments, with a range of 41.9-42.2 degrees C (T(hyp)) and 42.2-42.5 degrees C (T(rec)). There were no significant differences in run time in the sham runs administered at the start and end of the investigation. No rats died as a result of exposure to any of the treatments, and body weight the day after each treatment was unaffected. These results support the concept that a critical temperature exists that limits exercise in the heat.
 ...
PMID:Exercise in the heat is limited by a critical internal temperature. 1092 68

Catfishes have evolved a diversity of swimbladder muscles serving in the generation of different sounds and probably other acoustic functions. In order to find out if anatomical and acoustical differences are parallelled by fine structural differences, I examined the sonic muscles of the doradid Platydoras and the pimelodid Pimelodus by gross dissections and ultrastructural methods. In Platydoras, the sound-generating (drumming) muscle (DM) inserts on a dorsal bony plate that vibrates the swimbladder. In pimelodids, the large DM attaches directly on the ventral surface of the swimbladder, whereas the small tensor tripodis muscle (TT) inserts on the rostral surface near the tripus, the most caudal Weberian ossicle. Fibers of all three muscles possess an extensive development of sarcoplasmatic reticulum (SR) in association with very thin myofibrils (MF) but differed widely in their arrangement. In Platydoras, ribbons of MFs are arranged radially around a central core. Mitochondria were found within the core and the peripheral sarcoplasm. Pimelodus does not have a differentiated core and the cross-sectional area of DM-MFs is about 15% larger as determined by stereological measurements. The TT possesses shorter sarcomeres and more mitochondria than DMs, which were primarily found between MFs. This suggests faster contraction properties and greater resistance to fatigue compared with sonic muscles. Data indicate that the higher amount of DM-myofibrils in pimelodids might result in stronger muscle contractions and, presumably, in higher sound intensities. The fine structure of the TT reveals that contractions most likely prevent transmission of swimbladder vibrations to the inner ear via the Weberian ossicles during vocalization.
Anat Rec 2001 07 01
PMID:Sound-generating and -detecting motor system in catfish: design of swimbladder muscles in doradids and pimelodids. 1145 39

The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on moderate and high-intensity endurance exercise in the heat. Eight endurance-trained men [maximal oxygen uptake ( VO(2max)) 59.5+/-1.6 ml kg(-1) bw(-1), mean+/-SE] cycled to exhaustion twice at 60% VO(2max) and twice at 73% VO(2max) at an ambient temperature of 35 degrees C. Subjects ingested either a 6.4% maltodextrin solution (CHO) or an artificially flavoured and coloured placebo (PLA). Time to fatigue was significantly greater with CHO in both the 60% and 73% VO(2max) trials (14.5% and 13.5% improvement, respectively). Heart rate and oxygen uptake ( VO(2)) did not differ at any point between PLA and CHO. Hypoglycaemia was not seen in any condition but plasma glucose concentrations tended to be higher at both intensities when CHO was fed. CHO oxidation rates were similar at 60% VO(2max) between CHO and PLA. There were no differences between PLA and CHO in the rate of rise of rectal temperatures ( T(rec)) at either intensity but there was a trend for subjects to fatigue at a high temperature when taking CHO. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) tended to be lower throughout both CHO trials; this was significant at 80 min and at fatigue at 60% VO(2max). It is concluded that supplementation with CHO improves exercise performance in the heat at both moderate and high endurance intensities. In the absence of a clear metabolic explanation, a central effect involving an increased tolerance of rising deep body temperature merits further investigation.
 ...
PMID:Carbohydrate supplementation improves moderate and high-intensity exercise in the heat. 1273 59

Fatigue is the most common symptom associated with cancer and its treatment and is now widely recognized as a significant problem for patients with cancer (Ream & Richardson 1999). As a result of the restructuring of cancer services, much of the care given to patients is delivered by a multitude of nurses across a spectrum of clinical settings. While some research, albeit minimal, has evaluated nurses' knowledge and attitudes of cancer-related fatigue in various clinical settings, factors associated with institutional management of fatigue and the support and encouragement given to nurses by institutions regarding cancer-related fatigue appears to be unexplored. Nurses were recruited from community, general medical, general surgical and oncology clinical settings. A postal questionnaire to evaluate institutional cancer-related fatigue management was administered. Data were analysed descriptively. Institutional management of fatigue is poor across the clinical specialties involved in this survey. Topics addressed were interdisciplinary working, documentation and standards, accountability, information giving, staff education and quality assurance initiatives. Little difference was detected across the clinical specialties for the majority of these issues. Although individual health professionals have a personal responsibility to ensure the care they provide addresses patients' needs appropriately, institutional support and direction is essential. It seems that health-care institutions have not recognized the importance of this issue. This unacceptable situation must be resolved to ensure all health professionals are supported by their institutions to make every effort to improve the management of this symptom for patients with cancer.
 ...
PMID:Institutional management of cancer-related fatigue: a comparison of clinical specialties. 1284 9

Fatigue is the most common symptom associated with cancer and cancer treatment and is now widely recognized as a significant problem for patients with cancer (Ream & Richardson 1999). Although the profile of cancer-related fatigue has grown over the past few years within the specialty of oncology, not all patients with cancer receive care from cancer specialists. As a result of restructuring of cancer services, the majority of patients within the UK receive their cancer treatment outwith a cancer centre and are supported by District General Hospitals and community-based services. Consequently, it is appropriate to evaluate nurses' fatigue knowledge and attitudes across a range of clinical settings caring for patients with cancer. Nurses were recruited from community, general medical, general surgical and oncology clinical settings (n=470). A postal questionnaire to evaluate fatigue knowledge and attitudes was administered. A response rate of 43% was achieved. Data were analysed descriptively. Underestimation of fatigue incidence (by 28% of respondents), poor knowledge and practice regarding fatigue assessment and management, and poor fatigue communication practices were common throughout all clinical areas. However, nurses from all settings consistently demonstrated a good understanding of the impact of fatigue on patients with cancer and an appreciation of the importance of the role of the nurse in fatigue management. While oncology nurses demonstrated the greatest fatigue knowledge, these were not significantly better than the other specialties. A significant proportion of nurses caring for patients with cancer are unaware of fatigue's incidence, assessment and management. As cancer incidence rates are set to rise and the spectrum of clinical settings in which patients receive their care is increasing, it is imperative that this common and debilitating symptom receives appropriate recognition from health-care professionals. A number of strategies to enhance knowledge and information dissemination should be initiated to ensure that patient outcomes in relation to cancer-related fatigue are improved.
 ...
PMID:Nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards cancer-related fatigue. 1284 18

We have re-examined many of the abundant publications on the illness that afflicted Charles Darwin during most of his life, including some of the 416 health-related letters in his correspondence, as well as his autobiographical writings. We have concluded that he suffered from Crohn's disease, located mainly in his upper small intestine. This explains his upper abdominal pain, his flatulence and vomiting, as well as his articular and neurological symptoms, his 'extreme fatigue', low fever and especially the chronic, relapsing course of his illness that evolved in bouts, did not affect his life expectancy and decreased with old age, and also the time of life at which it started. It apparently does not explain, however, many of his cutaneous symptoms. We do not support other diagnoses such as Chagas' disease, lactose intolerance or the many psychiatric conditions that have been postulated.
Notes Rec R Soc Lond 2007 Jan 22
PMID:Darwin's illness: a final diagnosis. 1757 47

The main aim of this investigation was to evaluate the changes in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and aerobic and anaerobic performance induced by supplementation of coffeeberry (CB) formulation for 4 weeks in college athletes. Twenty college athletes (14 males and 6 females) were allocated to two randomly assigned trials. Subjects in the CB group orally ingested capsules that contained CB formulation at a dose of 800 mg per day in two equal doses for 28 days, while subjects in the placebo (P) group ingested an equal number of identical-looking caps that contained cellulose. There were no changes in glucose, cholesterol, and lipoproteins within or between trials (p > 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was significantly higher in the CB versus P trial at the post- supplementation trial (1.66 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.51 +/- 0.05 mmol/L; p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant changes in average anaerobic power, index of anaerobic fatigue, maximal heart rate, blood lactate, and maximal oxygen uptake within or between trials (p > 0.05). Heart rate recovery (HRR) index increased significantly in CB group as compared with baseline level (38 +/- 4 vs. 32 +/- 5 beats/min; p < 0.05). Blood lactate after 10 min of recovery (Lact(rec)) significantly decreased in the CB group after supplementation protocol as compared with initial results (7.6 +/- 4.2 vs. 5.5 +/- 2.6 mmol/L; p < 0.05). No subject reported any side effects from CB or P. The results of the present study indicate that supplementation with a CB formulation slightly increased antioxidant capacity, but there were minimal effects on recovery parameters after exercise in college athletes.
 ...
PMID:The effects of a 4-week coffeeberry supplementation on antioxidant status, endurance, and anaerobic performance in college athletes. 1908 49

The aim of this Phase II study was to determine the efficacy and safety of combined bortezomib and thalidomide (VT) regime as initial treatment for newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in China. Thirty-four patients have been enrolled in this study and were planned to receive VT regime up to eight 21-day cycles. Bortezomib (1.3 mg/m(2) ) was given intravenously on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, while oral thalidomide (100 mg/day) was given on days 1 to 21. The primary end point was clinical response; the secondary end point was safety. Among 34 patients enrolled, 26 patients were able to complete the planned eight cycles of therapy. After eight cycles, the overall response rate was 100% (complete response 31%; near-complete response 23%; partial response 42%; minimal response 4%). The best response occurred within the first four cycles in 96% of patients. Adverse events included hematologic (53%), peripheral neuropathy (38%), fatigue (35%), gastrointestinal (45%), and fever (32%). Grade 3 nonhematologic adverse events included four patients (12%) with renal failure associated with tumor lysis syndrome, one patient (3%) with peripheral sensory and motor neuropathy that improved with VT dose reduction, and one patient (3%) with hypotension. One patient (3%) experienced Grade 4 thrombocytopenia. No patient experienced deep venous thrombosis, while 1 patient (3%) died due to acute renal failure. In conclusion, Bortezomib in combination with thalidomide is a very effective regimen for newly diagnosed MM patients and the toxicities are manageable.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010 Oct
PMID:Bortezomib plus thalidomide for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in China. 2073 18


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>